Research topic of study is Venn relations. Venn symbolizes relationship among human resource methods. They are personnel management, human resource management, and strategic human resource management. Venn symbolizes ...Research topic of study is Venn relations. Venn symbolizes relationship among human resource methods. They are personnel management, human resource management, and strategic human resource management. Venn symbolizes relationship among three human resource methods. According to the relations, firms apply three of them in human resource management departments. Personnel management is associated with job performance, human resource management is associated with employee performance, and strategic human resource management is associated with firm performance. Thus, those three purposes are crucial to firm's objectives. This study also explores human resource accounting, cognitive placement, and talent management. Research question is that firms may apply three human resource methods in human resource management departments. Methodology of study is literature scanning and major result is the application of cognitive placement methodology and Venn diagrams. Data and analysis are obtained through secondary data collection.展开更多
Nursing is known to be a stressful profession that can lead to physical and psychological health issues and behavioural problems.In oncology,workload among nurses is believed to be increasing in conjunction with rapid...Nursing is known to be a stressful profession that can lead to physical and psychological health issues and behavioural problems.In oncology,workload among nurses is believed to be increasing in conjunction with rapidly increasing numbers of patients with cancer and staff shortages worldwide,therefore it is essential to sustain a quality oncology nurse workforce.Numerous studies have presented evidence on job strain,effects of coping strategies,and nurses'work performance within healthcare settings,but few have focused on oncology settings and none of these on nurses working in Saudi Arabia.The purpose of this review was to summarize empirical and theoretical evidence concerning job-related stressors in nurses,particularly oncology nurses,and the interrelationships among job strain,coping strategies,and work performance in this population.Search strategies identified studies published on studies in peer-reviewed journals from 2004 to 2016.Twenty-five nursing studies were found examining the relationships among the concepts of interest.Common job-related stressors among oncology nurses were high job demands,dealing with death/dying,lack of job control,and interpersonal conflicts at work.Job strain was found to be significantly linked to coping strategies,and negatively associated with work performance among nurses in general.There is no existing empirical evidence to support the relationship between coping strategies and work performance among oncology nurses.The present evidence is limited,and a considerable amount of research is required in the future to expand the oncology nursing literature.Research is needed to investigate job-related stressors and their effects on oncology nurses.展开更多
The objective of the study is to examine the relationship between environmental accounting audit decision and firm's profitability in Nigeria. Specifically, the authors hypothesize that profitability is a determinant...The objective of the study is to examine the relationship between environmental accounting audit decision and firm's profitability in Nigeria. Specifically, the authors hypothesize that profitability is a determinant of company's decision to disclose quantitative environmental information for external audits. The population of this research is made up of both quoted and non-quoted companies. The sample size for this study was selected using the simple random sampling technique. The selected companies included companies from the following sectors: agriculture, automobile and tyre, breweries, building materials, chemical and paints, conglomerates companies, food/beverages and tobacco, construction, healthcare, industrial/domestic products, packaging, printing and publishing, textiles, petroleum marketing companies, banking, insurance, and others. A sample of 160 companies with audited final accounts for 2009 financial year was eventually selected. The binary logit regression technique was utilized as the data analysis method. The finding reveals that profitability is a positive and significant determinant in evaluating the probability that a firm includes environmental information for external audits. The study concludes that finn-specific factors may provide incentives for corporate environmentalism in Nigeria.展开更多
In this paper,we proposed a framework for evaluating the performance of ecosystem strategies prepared for enhancing vulnerability reduction in the face of hazards due to climate change.The framework highlights the pos...In this paper,we proposed a framework for evaluating the performance of ecosystem strategies prepared for enhancing vulnerability reduction in the face of hazards due to climate change.The framework highlights the positive effects of human activities in the coupled human and natural system(CHANS) by introducing adaptive capacity as an evaluation criterion.A built-in regional vulnerability to a certain hazard was generated based upon interaction of three dimensions of vulnerability:exposure,sensitivity and adaptive capacity.We illustrated the application of this framework in the temperate farming-grazing transitional zone in the middle Inner Mongolia of the northern China,where drought hazard is the key threat to the CHANS.Specific indices were produced to translate such climate variance and social-economic differences into specific indicators.The results showed that the most exposed regions are the inner land areas,while counties located in the eastern part are potentially the most adaptive ones.Ordos City and Bayannur City are most frequently influenced by multiple climate variances,showing highest sensitivity.Analysis also indicated that differences in the ability to adapt to changes are the main causes of spatial differences.After depiction of the spatial differentiations and analysis of the reasons,climate zones were divided to depict the differences in facing to the drought threats.The climate zones were shown to be similar to vulnerability zones based on the quantitative structure of indexes drafted by a triangular map.Further analysis of the composition of the vulnerability index showed that the evaluation criteria were effective in validating the spatial differentiation but potentially ineffective because of their limited time scope.This research will be a demonstration of how to combine the three dimensions by quantitative methods and will thus provide a guide for government to vulnerability reduction management.展开更多
The aim of this paper is to assess the impact of intellectual capital (IC) on firms' financial performance with reference to a sample of companies operating in the European Union (EU) area during the period from ...The aim of this paper is to assess the impact of intellectual capital (IC) on firms' financial performance with reference to a sample of companies operating in the European Union (EU) area during the period from 2006 to 2013. The analyses are further differentiated by country of domicile, industry sector, and historical period (pre-crisis and crisis). We investigate whether the value of the components of IC is a relevant factor that influences firms' performance, proposing and testing a modified version of the value added intellectual capital (VAICTM) model which also considers country-specific differences in terms of default risk. The empirical results evidence the relevance of the information on IC disclosed by companies. Differences arise depending on the reference country, industry, and historical period examined. The main limitations of the research are the unbalanced structure of the sample among countries and industries and the specificity of the examined sample (listed firms applying IAS/IFRS system). The main implication of the study is that, since we demonstrate the value relevance of IC, our findings could be of interest for standard setters for defining a standard (qualitative and quantitative) level of information on human resources to be disclosed by companies in their financial statements. Our contribution to the literature is the proposal of some relevant modifications to the original VAICTM model and providing new evidence on the influence that IC had in recent years on business performance in the EU.展开更多
The literature shows that improvements in cognitive performance may be observed following an acute bout of exercise. However, evidence in support of the biological mechanisms of this effect is still limited. Findings ...The literature shows that improvements in cognitive performance may be observed following an acute bout of exercise. However, evidence in support of the biological mechanisms of this effect is still limited. Findings from both rodent and human studies suggest brain-derived neu- rotrophic factor (BDNF) as a potential mechanism of the effect of acute exercise on memory. The molecular properties of BDNF allow this protein to be assessed in the periphery (pBDNF) (i.e., blood serum, blood plasma), making measurements of acute exercise-induced changes in BDNF concentration relatively accessible. Studies exploring the acute exercise--pBDNF--cognitive performance relationship have had mixed findings, but this may be more reflective of methodological differences between studies than it is a statement about the role of BDNE For example, significant associations have been observed between acute exercise-induced changes in pBDNF concentration and cognitive performance in studies assessing memory, and non-significant associations have been found in studies assessing non-memory cognitive domains. Three suggestions are made for future research aimed at understanding the role of BDNF as a biological mechanism of this relationship: 1) Assessments of cognitive performance may benefit from a focus on various types of memory (e.g., relational, spatial, long-term); 2) More finegrained measurements of pBDNF will allow for the assessment of concentrations of specific isoforms of the BDNF protein (i.e., immature, mature); 3) Statistical techniques designed to test the mediating role of pBDNF in the acute exercise-cognitive performance relationship should be utilized in order to make causal inferences.展开更多
A rapid growth of Islamic banking has led the Malaysian economy to gaining greater prosperity than before. Presently, there are more than 20 Islamic banks operating in Malaysia. Financial ratios calculated from the ca...A rapid growth of Islamic banking has led the Malaysian economy to gaining greater prosperity than before. Presently, there are more than 20 Islamic banks operating in Malaysia. Financial ratios calculated from the categories of liquidity, profitability, risk and solvency, and efficiency of banks can be used to gauge the overall financial performance of the banking industry. The objective is to assess the overall performance of Islamic banks as well as conventional banks in Malaysia using financial ratios. The findings indicated that conventional commercial banks in Malaysia do have better quality assets, are more liquid, and are more profitable than Islamic banks. Total expenses in conventional banks are much higher, which may affect profitability and the significant amount of non-performing loans (NPLs), thus increasing solvency risk. The findings show positive insights of Islamic banks, whose confidence and trust are rising, over a short period with strong improvements in asset utilization, effective management, and expenditure control. This comparative study clearly identified that conventional banks are better financial performers compared to Islamic banks in Malaysia during the period of 2006-2010.展开更多
Drainage layers provide permanent relief of hydrostatic water pressure, while the waterproof liner prevents any ingress of water into the tunnel. The durability and aging resistance of drainage membranes are of primar...Drainage layers provide permanent relief of hydrostatic water pressure, while the waterproof liner prevents any ingress of water into the tunnel. The durability and aging resistance of drainage membranes are of primary concern. This paper describes advantages and concerns related to the usage of, and the design with, polymeric drainboards in tunnel construction. Common degradation mechanisms associated with HDPE (high density polyethylene) sheets are described. The stringent requirements for the Gotthard Alpine Railway Tunnel through the Swiss Alps, e.g., high ambient temperatures of up to 45 ℃ and an expected service life of up to 100 years require outstanding aging resistance of polymeric drainage materials. The paper describes the methods deployed to investigate the long-term performance of HDPE drainboards, focusing on aging mechanisms. Details associated with the test procedures developed to reflect the specific properties of drainboards, as well as the results obtained, are presented. A summary table shows recommended product specifications needed to confine the aging properties of drainboards and to design a system performing adequately during the entire lifetime of the structure.展开更多
There are two opposing views over the necessity of privatization for SOEs. While some believe that privatization is the only solution to SOE inefficiency, others contend that privatization will lead to serious loss of...There are two opposing views over the necessity of privatization for SOEs. While some believe that privatization is the only solution to SOE inefficiency, others contend that privatization will lead to serious loss of state assets without resolving the problem. This paper examined how performance evaluation system contributed to the innovation and profitability of central SOEs after the implementation of the revised Interim Measures for Assessment of the Operational Performance of Persons in Charge of Central Enterprises in 2009. Using this revision as a natural experiment, this paper conducted a difference-indifference analysis and discovered a significant improvement in the innovation of central SOEs after the implementation of the new policy as compared with private firms not affected by this system. Moreover, the revised performance evaluation system significantly improved the marginal contribution of innovation to corporate value. The above test result indicates that SOEs may become more efficient solely by altering executive incentives without privatization. In this sense, privatization may not be the only solution to SOE inefficiency. This paper offers theoretical insights on the controversies regarding SOE privatization and helps enrich relevant literature on corporate incentives and innovation.展开更多
Comparative performance analysis of four irrigation schemes within Cagayan River Basin was assessed using comparative performance indicators between the years 2008 and 2012. The objectives were to establish benchmarks...Comparative performance analysis of four irrigation schemes within Cagayan River Basin was assessed using comparative performance indicators between the years 2008 and 2012. The objectives were to establish benchmarks for both productivity and performance of irrigation schemes along the valley and to inquire whether small schemes function better than large schemes. The performance evaluation study of the systems composed of three general performance indicators, based on three domains-(1) system operation performance; (2) agricultural productivity and economics; (3) financial performance. Each indicator was assessed based on the prescribed descriptors used by the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Analysis showed an overall system performance efficiency of 59%, 55%, 47% and 36% for Magat River Integrated Irrigation System (MARI1S), Lucban, Garab and Divisoria Communal Irrigation Systems (CIS), respectively. In terms of annual productivity performance, Lucban CIS dominates the three other systems with 0.35 kg/m3, which was classified as moderately performing system, while the rest were classified with low productivity index. Financial sustainability of the systems were extremely poor with cost recovery ratio of 0, 0.33, 0.41 and 0.49 for Divisoria, Garab, Lucban and MARIIS, respectively, which were exceptionally below the standard value of at least one. Also, analysis of the indicators revealed that on average, large schemes performed similarly to small-scale schemes, but small schemes were more variable, particularly in input-use efficiency. The benchmarking study will provide strategic information to policy makers of agricultural and irrigation agencies on the existing weaknesses of irrigation systems in the country and determine in a more quantifiable terms levels of potential improvement and intervention targets.展开更多
Performance appraisal is one of the commonly used modern human resource management tools. Many companies which developed to a certain stage began to introduce performance management. But a lot of friends in human reso...Performance appraisal is one of the commonly used modern human resource management tools. Many companies which developed to a certain stage began to introduce performance management. But a lot of friends in human resources circles always hold a controversy on the effectiveness of performance management. In fact, there are problems on the methods and assessment scales. I personally think that a lot of companies use performance appraisal problem mainly occurs due to the presence misunderstanding the purpose of business resulting from the introduction of performance appraisal. For example: taking the wrong assessment methods, there is no breakdown of the work in advance, nor performed posts and responsibilities ; performance appraisal way to take a negative incentive, the employees complained of performance ; lack of strategic height of human resource management, performance appraisal that can not be linked with the actual situation. The following analysis of several performance evaluation methods and its influence is from the perspective of human resources. Each has its advantages and disadvantages, and also has different emphases. I want to share it with everyone and hope everyone can learn something from it.展开更多
This paper aims to explore the impact of intellectual capital efficiency (ICE) on firm performance in the context of professional football clubs. In particular, our aim is twofold: (1) to provide measures of ICE ...This paper aims to explore the impact of intellectual capital efficiency (ICE) on firm performance in the context of professional football clubs. In particular, our aim is twofold: (1) to provide measures of ICE specifically tailored to professional football businesses; and (2) to empirically investigate whether some dimensions of ICE, namely, human capital and relational capital efficiency, are positively associated with sporting performance, here used as a proxy for business performance. This paper develops a quantitative analysis of club-level panel data using the statistical technique known as mixed-effects linear regression for longitudinal analysis. The research spans a time period of five years and specifically the sporting seasons from 2007/2008 up to 2011/2012. The empirical findings of this study provide tentative evidence that ICE, especially as far as relational capital is concerned, is positively associated with on-pitch performance of professional football businesses. On the counterpart, results for the impact of human capital efficiency (HCE) do not consistently come out with the (positive) expected signs. More specifically, our findings suggest that relational capital efficiency, meaning the ability to develop and nurture positive business relationship with relevant external stakeholders, is a significant consideration for football club managers; on the other, they might shed light on the actual business model of professional football clubs that, in our analysis, does not appear consistent with the long-held hypothesis of winning maximization. The main limitation of this study lies in the fact that our indicators do not fully capture all relevant dimensions of the intellectual capital (IC) construct.展开更多
To establish scientific and effective performance management system is one of the important tasks of establishing a modem enterprise human resources management. Based on modern management concept of human resources, t...To establish scientific and effective performance management system is one of the important tasks of establishing a modem enterprise human resources management. Based on modern management concept of human resources, this thesis discusses how the newly set-up Chinese private high-tech manufacturing enterprise effectively import performance management system, design and implement the system and put it into application. With application of performance management related theory, the thesis analyzes the characteristics of current stage of enterprise development, designs the construction process of performance management system, and illustrates the detailed implementation method.展开更多
文摘Research topic of study is Venn relations. Venn symbolizes relationship among human resource methods. They are personnel management, human resource management, and strategic human resource management. Venn symbolizes relationship among three human resource methods. According to the relations, firms apply three of them in human resource management departments. Personnel management is associated with job performance, human resource management is associated with employee performance, and strategic human resource management is associated with firm performance. Thus, those three purposes are crucial to firm's objectives. This study also explores human resource accounting, cognitive placement, and talent management. Research question is that firms may apply three human resource methods in human resource management departments. Methodology of study is literature scanning and major result is the application of cognitive placement methodology and Venn diagrams. Data and analysis are obtained through secondary data collection.
文摘Nursing is known to be a stressful profession that can lead to physical and psychological health issues and behavioural problems.In oncology,workload among nurses is believed to be increasing in conjunction with rapidly increasing numbers of patients with cancer and staff shortages worldwide,therefore it is essential to sustain a quality oncology nurse workforce.Numerous studies have presented evidence on job strain,effects of coping strategies,and nurses'work performance within healthcare settings,but few have focused on oncology settings and none of these on nurses working in Saudi Arabia.The purpose of this review was to summarize empirical and theoretical evidence concerning job-related stressors in nurses,particularly oncology nurses,and the interrelationships among job strain,coping strategies,and work performance in this population.Search strategies identified studies published on studies in peer-reviewed journals from 2004 to 2016.Twenty-five nursing studies were found examining the relationships among the concepts of interest.Common job-related stressors among oncology nurses were high job demands,dealing with death/dying,lack of job control,and interpersonal conflicts at work.Job strain was found to be significantly linked to coping strategies,and negatively associated with work performance among nurses in general.There is no existing empirical evidence to support the relationship between coping strategies and work performance among oncology nurses.The present evidence is limited,and a considerable amount of research is required in the future to expand the oncology nursing literature.Research is needed to investigate job-related stressors and their effects on oncology nurses.
文摘The objective of the study is to examine the relationship between environmental accounting audit decision and firm's profitability in Nigeria. Specifically, the authors hypothesize that profitability is a determinant of company's decision to disclose quantitative environmental information for external audits. The population of this research is made up of both quoted and non-quoted companies. The sample size for this study was selected using the simple random sampling technique. The selected companies included companies from the following sectors: agriculture, automobile and tyre, breweries, building materials, chemical and paints, conglomerates companies, food/beverages and tobacco, construction, healthcare, industrial/domestic products, packaging, printing and publishing, textiles, petroleum marketing companies, banking, insurance, and others. A sample of 160 companies with audited final accounts for 2009 financial year was eventually selected. The binary logit regression technique was utilized as the data analysis method. The finding reveals that profitability is a positive and significant determinant in evaluating the probability that a firm includes environmental information for external audits. The study concludes that finn-specific factors may provide incentives for corporate environmentalism in Nigeria.
基金Under the auspices of Public Welfare Scientific Research Project of Chinese Ministry of Land and Resource (No. 200911015-2)
文摘In this paper,we proposed a framework for evaluating the performance of ecosystem strategies prepared for enhancing vulnerability reduction in the face of hazards due to climate change.The framework highlights the positive effects of human activities in the coupled human and natural system(CHANS) by introducing adaptive capacity as an evaluation criterion.A built-in regional vulnerability to a certain hazard was generated based upon interaction of three dimensions of vulnerability:exposure,sensitivity and adaptive capacity.We illustrated the application of this framework in the temperate farming-grazing transitional zone in the middle Inner Mongolia of the northern China,where drought hazard is the key threat to the CHANS.Specific indices were produced to translate such climate variance and social-economic differences into specific indicators.The results showed that the most exposed regions are the inner land areas,while counties located in the eastern part are potentially the most adaptive ones.Ordos City and Bayannur City are most frequently influenced by multiple climate variances,showing highest sensitivity.Analysis also indicated that differences in the ability to adapt to changes are the main causes of spatial differences.After depiction of the spatial differentiations and analysis of the reasons,climate zones were divided to depict the differences in facing to the drought threats.The climate zones were shown to be similar to vulnerability zones based on the quantitative structure of indexes drafted by a triangular map.Further analysis of the composition of the vulnerability index showed that the evaluation criteria were effective in validating the spatial differentiation but potentially ineffective because of their limited time scope.This research will be a demonstration of how to combine the three dimensions by quantitative methods and will thus provide a guide for government to vulnerability reduction management.
文摘The aim of this paper is to assess the impact of intellectual capital (IC) on firms' financial performance with reference to a sample of companies operating in the European Union (EU) area during the period from 2006 to 2013. The analyses are further differentiated by country of domicile, industry sector, and historical period (pre-crisis and crisis). We investigate whether the value of the components of IC is a relevant factor that influences firms' performance, proposing and testing a modified version of the value added intellectual capital (VAICTM) model which also considers country-specific differences in terms of default risk. The empirical results evidence the relevance of the information on IC disclosed by companies. Differences arise depending on the reference country, industry, and historical period examined. The main limitations of the research are the unbalanced structure of the sample among countries and industries and the specificity of the examined sample (listed firms applying IAS/IFRS system). The main implication of the study is that, since we demonstrate the value relevance of IC, our findings could be of interest for standard setters for defining a standard (qualitative and quantitative) level of information on human resources to be disclosed by companies in their financial statements. Our contribution to the literature is the proposal of some relevant modifications to the original VAICTM model and providing new evidence on the influence that IC had in recent years on business performance in the EU.
文摘The literature shows that improvements in cognitive performance may be observed following an acute bout of exercise. However, evidence in support of the biological mechanisms of this effect is still limited. Findings from both rodent and human studies suggest brain-derived neu- rotrophic factor (BDNF) as a potential mechanism of the effect of acute exercise on memory. The molecular properties of BDNF allow this protein to be assessed in the periphery (pBDNF) (i.e., blood serum, blood plasma), making measurements of acute exercise-induced changes in BDNF concentration relatively accessible. Studies exploring the acute exercise--pBDNF--cognitive performance relationship have had mixed findings, but this may be more reflective of methodological differences between studies than it is a statement about the role of BDNE For example, significant associations have been observed between acute exercise-induced changes in pBDNF concentration and cognitive performance in studies assessing memory, and non-significant associations have been found in studies assessing non-memory cognitive domains. Three suggestions are made for future research aimed at understanding the role of BDNF as a biological mechanism of this relationship: 1) Assessments of cognitive performance may benefit from a focus on various types of memory (e.g., relational, spatial, long-term); 2) More finegrained measurements of pBDNF will allow for the assessment of concentrations of specific isoforms of the BDNF protein (i.e., immature, mature); 3) Statistical techniques designed to test the mediating role of pBDNF in the acute exercise-cognitive performance relationship should be utilized in order to make causal inferences.
文摘A rapid growth of Islamic banking has led the Malaysian economy to gaining greater prosperity than before. Presently, there are more than 20 Islamic banks operating in Malaysia. Financial ratios calculated from the categories of liquidity, profitability, risk and solvency, and efficiency of banks can be used to gauge the overall financial performance of the banking industry. The objective is to assess the overall performance of Islamic banks as well as conventional banks in Malaysia using financial ratios. The findings indicated that conventional commercial banks in Malaysia do have better quality assets, are more liquid, and are more profitable than Islamic banks. Total expenses in conventional banks are much higher, which may affect profitability and the significant amount of non-performing loans (NPLs), thus increasing solvency risk. The findings show positive insights of Islamic banks, whose confidence and trust are rising, over a short period with strong improvements in asset utilization, effective management, and expenditure control. This comparative study clearly identified that conventional banks are better financial performers compared to Islamic banks in Malaysia during the period of 2006-2010.
文摘Drainage layers provide permanent relief of hydrostatic water pressure, while the waterproof liner prevents any ingress of water into the tunnel. The durability and aging resistance of drainage membranes are of primary concern. This paper describes advantages and concerns related to the usage of, and the design with, polymeric drainboards in tunnel construction. Common degradation mechanisms associated with HDPE (high density polyethylene) sheets are described. The stringent requirements for the Gotthard Alpine Railway Tunnel through the Swiss Alps, e.g., high ambient temperatures of up to 45 ℃ and an expected service life of up to 100 years require outstanding aging resistance of polymeric drainage materials. The paper describes the methods deployed to investigate the long-term performance of HDPE drainboards, focusing on aging mechanisms. Details associated with the test procedures developed to reflect the specific properties of drainboards, as well as the results obtained, are presented. A summary table shows recommended product specifications needed to confine the aging properties of drainboards and to design a system performing adequately during the entire lifetime of the structure.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:71172205,71372126,71502161,71572133 and 71672134)the Humanities and Social Science Project of the Ministry of Education(Grant No.:15YJA630057)
文摘There are two opposing views over the necessity of privatization for SOEs. While some believe that privatization is the only solution to SOE inefficiency, others contend that privatization will lead to serious loss of state assets without resolving the problem. This paper examined how performance evaluation system contributed to the innovation and profitability of central SOEs after the implementation of the revised Interim Measures for Assessment of the Operational Performance of Persons in Charge of Central Enterprises in 2009. Using this revision as a natural experiment, this paper conducted a difference-indifference analysis and discovered a significant improvement in the innovation of central SOEs after the implementation of the new policy as compared with private firms not affected by this system. Moreover, the revised performance evaluation system significantly improved the marginal contribution of innovation to corporate value. The above test result indicates that SOEs may become more efficient solely by altering executive incentives without privatization. In this sense, privatization may not be the only solution to SOE inefficiency. This paper offers theoretical insights on the controversies regarding SOE privatization and helps enrich relevant literature on corporate incentives and innovation.
文摘Comparative performance analysis of four irrigation schemes within Cagayan River Basin was assessed using comparative performance indicators between the years 2008 and 2012. The objectives were to establish benchmarks for both productivity and performance of irrigation schemes along the valley and to inquire whether small schemes function better than large schemes. The performance evaluation study of the systems composed of three general performance indicators, based on three domains-(1) system operation performance; (2) agricultural productivity and economics; (3) financial performance. Each indicator was assessed based on the prescribed descriptors used by the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Analysis showed an overall system performance efficiency of 59%, 55%, 47% and 36% for Magat River Integrated Irrigation System (MARI1S), Lucban, Garab and Divisoria Communal Irrigation Systems (CIS), respectively. In terms of annual productivity performance, Lucban CIS dominates the three other systems with 0.35 kg/m3, which was classified as moderately performing system, while the rest were classified with low productivity index. Financial sustainability of the systems were extremely poor with cost recovery ratio of 0, 0.33, 0.41 and 0.49 for Divisoria, Garab, Lucban and MARIIS, respectively, which were exceptionally below the standard value of at least one. Also, analysis of the indicators revealed that on average, large schemes performed similarly to small-scale schemes, but small schemes were more variable, particularly in input-use efficiency. The benchmarking study will provide strategic information to policy makers of agricultural and irrigation agencies on the existing weaknesses of irrigation systems in the country and determine in a more quantifiable terms levels of potential improvement and intervention targets.
文摘Performance appraisal is one of the commonly used modern human resource management tools. Many companies which developed to a certain stage began to introduce performance management. But a lot of friends in human resources circles always hold a controversy on the effectiveness of performance management. In fact, there are problems on the methods and assessment scales. I personally think that a lot of companies use performance appraisal problem mainly occurs due to the presence misunderstanding the purpose of business resulting from the introduction of performance appraisal. For example: taking the wrong assessment methods, there is no breakdown of the work in advance, nor performed posts and responsibilities ; performance appraisal way to take a negative incentive, the employees complained of performance ; lack of strategic height of human resource management, performance appraisal that can not be linked with the actual situation. The following analysis of several performance evaluation methods and its influence is from the perspective of human resources. Each has its advantages and disadvantages, and also has different emphases. I want to share it with everyone and hope everyone can learn something from it.
文摘This paper aims to explore the impact of intellectual capital efficiency (ICE) on firm performance in the context of professional football clubs. In particular, our aim is twofold: (1) to provide measures of ICE specifically tailored to professional football businesses; and (2) to empirically investigate whether some dimensions of ICE, namely, human capital and relational capital efficiency, are positively associated with sporting performance, here used as a proxy for business performance. This paper develops a quantitative analysis of club-level panel data using the statistical technique known as mixed-effects linear regression for longitudinal analysis. The research spans a time period of five years and specifically the sporting seasons from 2007/2008 up to 2011/2012. The empirical findings of this study provide tentative evidence that ICE, especially as far as relational capital is concerned, is positively associated with on-pitch performance of professional football businesses. On the counterpart, results for the impact of human capital efficiency (HCE) do not consistently come out with the (positive) expected signs. More specifically, our findings suggest that relational capital efficiency, meaning the ability to develop and nurture positive business relationship with relevant external stakeholders, is a significant consideration for football club managers; on the other, they might shed light on the actual business model of professional football clubs that, in our analysis, does not appear consistent with the long-held hypothesis of winning maximization. The main limitation of this study lies in the fact that our indicators do not fully capture all relevant dimensions of the intellectual capital (IC) construct.
文摘To establish scientific and effective performance management system is one of the important tasks of establishing a modem enterprise human resources management. Based on modern management concept of human resources, this thesis discusses how the newly set-up Chinese private high-tech manufacturing enterprise effectively import performance management system, design and implement the system and put it into application. With application of performance management related theory, the thesis analyzes the characteristics of current stage of enterprise development, designs the construction process of performance management system, and illustrates the detailed implementation method.