续发性地震震害损失评估方法探讨

通过伽师地震震害损失评估的实践总结，认为对续发性地震的损失评估，尤其对量大面广的建筑物的损失评估采用震害损失率相减的方法，其结果与前面的地震损失率具有可比性。通过对不同评估方法的比较，认为震害损失率相减法快速、准确，易于操作。给出了新疆地区不同烈度下土木结构房屋的震害损失率，其取值范围为：Ⅸ度区为７０％ ～４６％ ；Ⅷ度区为４５％ ～２９％ ；Ⅶ度区为２８％ ～１３％ ；Ⅵ度区为１２％ ～６％ ；Ⅴ度区为５％ 以下。

基于“百病皆为痰作祟”理论探讨祛风导痰汤治疗续发性全身强直-阵挛性发作癫痫患者临床观察

目的 基于“百病皆为痰作祟”理论探讨祛风导痰汤对续发性全身强直-阵挛性发作癫痫患者的临床疗效。方法 选取2018年1月—2020年3月续发性全身强直-阵挛性发作癫痫患者92例,随机分两组,对照组采用电子生物反馈技术;联合组采用基于“百病皆为痰作祟”理论的祛风导痰汤联合电子生物反馈技术,持续3个月。治疗后评价患者临床疗效、癫痫生活质量评定量表(quality of life rating scale for patients with epilepsy, QOLIE-31)、连线测验A-B、数字符号转换测验(digital symbol conversion test, DSST)、词语流畅性测验(verbal fluency test, VFT)、数字广度测验(digit span test, DST)等,比较两组不良反应。结果 对照组的有效率78.26%(36/46)低于联合组93.48%(43/46),有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组治疗3个月综合质量、情绪、总体健康、药物影响、认知功能、社会功能、精力、对发作担忧评分均低于联合组,有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组治疗3个月连线测验A、连线测验B高于联合组,DSST评分、VFT评分、DST评分低于联合组,有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组总不良反应率23.91%(11/46)与联合组28.26%(13/46)比较,无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 基于“百病皆为痰作祟”理论的祛风导痰汤对续发性全身强直-阵挛性发作癫痫患者的临床疗效显著,可以改善认知功能,从而提高生活质量。

用柯氏力讨论地质构造与强余震或续发性大震之间的关系

本文首先对柯氏力的含义进行了简要介绍，进而从地质资料入手讨论了利用震源地方的柯氏力作用预报大震发生后强余震或续发性大震强度的可行性，通过对几个震例的分析，可以认为该方法是可行的。

自发性续发性外斜视临床特点分析

目的通过观察和归纳自发性续发性外斜视的临床特点，探讨外斜视漂移的发病机制和临床意义。方法收集斜视弱视专科门诊就诊的8例自发性续发性外斜视患者的临床资料进行了回顾分析和总结，包括患者的出生史、视力、屈光状态、斜视度、双眼视功能、治疗措施等。结果患者均原为调节性内斜视，具有弱视、运动性融合功能低下甚至丧失，以及在早年接受足度或近足度远视镜矫正治疗等临床特点。结论外斜视漂移并不少见，具有一定的临床指导意义，其发病可能是融合机制、神经动力因素和解剖因素的合力结果。

海城地震震后异常与后续新地震(唐山地震等)异常的识别和研究

１９８９年１０月１８日，山西大同—阳高发生５．７级地震，１０月１９日再次发生６．１级地震，同日又在当地发生了３次５级以上地震。这次地震是１８１５年平陆６３４级地震后，山西地震带发生的强度最大的地震。１．５ａ以后，即１９９１年３月２６日又在大同—阳高一带发生了５．８级地震，在此之前，１月２９日在忻州亦发生５．１级地震。综合分析了大同—阳高６．１级地震各前兆学科震前、震后的变化情况，将所有震后变化按其状况归为以下６种类型：（１）震前异常在震后继续平稳发展；（２）震前异常在震后幅度加大；（３）震前异常结束，震后又出现异常；（４）震前无异常，震后出现异常；（５）震前异常在震后恢复正常；（６）震后资料中断或条件改变。探讨了这６种状况与新地震异常的关系，对每项震后变化按其与后续地震的关系归为以下６种类型：（１）强余震前兆；（２）老震区更大地震的前兆；（３）新区地震的前兆；（４）长期震后效应；（５）突变震后效应；（６）无后效。在综合研究这２种方式分类的数量关系及其它带有一定规律性特征的基础上，得出识别震后效应与后续新地震异常的指标与方法：（１）大同—阳高６．１级地震后前兆异常（共８９项）大部分恢复，呈现了异常逐步衰减的图?

急性一氧化碳中毒后继发性脑病患者血LPO及GSH—Px水平观察

动态测定了71例急性一氧化碳中毒者血LPO及GSH－PX活性，结果显示：急性一氧化碳中毒后续发性脑病患者血LPO水平增高，GSH－Px活性降低，与未出现续发性脑病者及健康人相比，差异显著（P＜0．01）；对于急性一氧化碳中毒尤其是重庆中毒者，常规检测血LPO及GSH－Px活性，作为是否出现续发性脑病的预测指标有重要价值。

A DSS DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

The characteristics of sustainable development problems in the developing countries is discussed.In order to develop and use decision support system (DSS) for supporting sustainable development problem decision making in the developing countries,this paper presents a strategy of constructing the DSS for sustainable development.A methodology of representing the model of sustainable development problems and developing a nonprocedural modeling language that is used to define sustainable development problems,a methodology of numeric and non numeric operation based theorem proving is given in this paper.

Research from global Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)to sustainability science based on the object-subject-process framework

Since United Nations adopted the global Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs) for the next15 years(2016-2030), sustainable development will further become a core concept and main principle to guide global and national economic and social development. According to this background, strengthening the integrative research on the theories and methodologies of sustainable development has been a strategically important mission. This article provided an analytic framework for sustainability science, named the object-subject-process(OSP) framework for examining the key issues encountered during the theoretical research and policy analysis. This study emphasized that, on the object dimension, sustainable development means to seek for economic and social development within biophysical limits of the earth and the relationship of environment, society, and economy should be containing and complementary rather than parallel and substitute; on the process dimension, sustainable development should adopt both the responsive and proactive strategies for the whole process management which employing pressure-state-response(PRS) model rather than dealing with one part of them; on the subject dimension, sustainable development research should involve the key stakeholders who are kind of collaborate governance rather than separate each other. From the perspective of sustainability science, green economy was utilized as a case study to explore the issues of object, process and subject and also the significance of green economy was discussed in this study.

SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT IN SALINE-ALKALI SOIL AREA OF SONGNEN PLAIN,NORTHEAST CHINA

There is great potential for agriculture in saline-alkali soil area in Songnen Plain, Northeast China. But the sustainable crop production in this area has been restricted by a few of main factors, such as less precipitation, h igher evaporation and frequent drought, high salinity and alkalinity, high excha ngeable sodium content and poor infiltration of the soil, and insufficiency and low availability in nutrition. It is also considered that there are a few of fav orable conditions for agricultural development in this region, such as sufficien t light and heat resources, rich ground water resources, plenty of manure produc ed by livestock, and so on. At the same time, scientific management and measurem ents have been employed; rational irrigation and drainage system has been establ ished; reclamation, amendment and fertilization of soil, and suitable strategies of cropping practices have been made for the sustainable development of agricul ture. Great progress has been made during 1996-2000.

Research Progress on Evaluation Frameworks of Regional Ecological Sustainability

As natural ecosystems provide the material basis and fundamental support for regional sustainable devel-opment,the sustainability of natural ecosystems is an important prerequisite and a viable approach for the achievement of regional sustainable development.It is also the final criteria to assess whether sustainable development paradigm is successful.Along with the increasing impacts of human activities on natural ecosystems,the evaluation of regional ecological sustainability has become one of the key issues for research on macro ecology and sustainable development.Based on different unit of indicators,this study firstly groups the evaluation frameworks of regional ecological sus-tainability into three major types:comprehensive index evaluation with dimensionless unit,monetary valuation,and biophysical quantity measurement.We then discuss and compare these types in terms of basic principles,scope of ap-plications,advantages and shortcomings.Finally,drawn on the discussion about characteristics of ecological sustain-ability,we outline the current trend and future directions of regional ecological sustainability evaluation,for instance,transition from sustainable development evaluation to sustainability science,integration of goal-oriented and problem-solving approaches,combination of spatial pattern analysis and ecological sustainability evaluation,and en-hancement of ecological sustainability evaluation at landscape scale.

Study on Disturbances and Its Effects on Nature Reserves

As a widespread natural phenomenon, disturbances are considered a discrete event occurring in a natural ecosystem within various spatial and temporal scales. The present paper discusses the types of disturbances and their influence on the ecologic system in nature reserves. It is shown that nature reserves are facing a great challenge dealing with these disturbances. A rational control for disturbances should be improved in order to promote the healthy development of nature reserves this could be done by enhancing the publicity and training of environment protection, coupling management with communities around and other nature reserves, effective management methods, rational planning, and supporting nature servers.

Coping with Pressures of Modernization by Traditional Farmers: a Strategy for Sustainable Rural Development in Yunnan, China

Traditional farming practices conform to sustainable rural livelihoods, while agricultural modernisation tends to undermine these practices through various perturbations. A case study in Tengchong County (western Yunnan, China) shows that transformation of traditional alder (Alnus nepalensis) and dry rice (upland rice) rotational farming to introduced Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.) plantations leads to localised water scarcity and soil fertility decline. While farmers are aware of ecological sustainability of traditional farming, they prefer Chinese fir forestry because it is less labour-intensive, has a high market value, and releases time for profitable off-farm work. Farmers adapt to economic liberalization by planting high value crops and trees. However, alternatives to make local agricultural production more profitable through competitive business strategies, cooperative approaches, innovations in integrating high value crops and 'downstream' processingfor sustainable rural livelihoods have been overlooked largely due to poor information availability and lack of organisational framework.

Absorptive Capacities for Sustainability Technologies:Perspectives from the BRICS and China

For the development process in the rapidly growing economies, knowledge transfer and technology cooperation are becoming important issues. Research and technological competences are key indicators for the absorptive capacity of sustainability technologies and for the ability to export them. These issues are analyzed empirically for Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS). Sustainability related research in BRICS is mostly carried out within broader, more sector oriented programmes. Specialization patterns of international patents and in foreign trade indicate various strengths and weaknesses of the BRICS countries. The differences within the countries imply that the analysis must proceed at a technology specific level. China has considerable capabilities in technologies such as photovoltaics, solar thermal or buildings. There is a strong need for strategic positioning of the countries and for coordination of the various policy fields involved.

The Discount Rate in Terms of Evaluating Investments in Rangelands： The Case Study of Greece

This paper aims at analyzing and evaluating investments in rangeland management through the use of the discount rate tool. The most important parameter which is considered when estimating the discount rate is the lifetime of the investment, which varies depending on the kind of the intervention. An undeniable characteristic of rangelands is their rich biodiversity. However, the fact that not all the flora and fauna has been recorded yet, suggests the need for using the lowest possible discount rate （but not zero）, giving thus a high value on the benefits that will arise for future generations always in the light of sustainable development. At the same time, a sensitivity analysis has to be performed in order to determine the upper and lower limit of return on investment, so that the decision-maker in charge can be more flexible on the evaluation Of an investment proposal.

The Future of Sustainability

The focus of the present research is not on expected developments that are by one means or another linked to the concept of sustainability and to questions, whether current sustainability-models are fit for the future, so that they can be employed as corrective or functional factors applicable to the planning and governance of predictable scenarios in the field of ecology, economy, and social issues. But the focus lies on questions like： How does the concept of sustainability relate to the future？ How is the future as such affected and conditioned by the concept of sustainability？ To what extent is the concept of sustainability open to the future and how can the concept of sustainability conceive of something like the future？ The aim of the paper is therefore to clarify and better understand what is at stake when we address a sustainable future, i.e. a future under the conditions of an economy, of a technology, of a science that is supposed to be sustainable. The paper is based on a distinction that has its part in the tradition of ethics with far-reaching consequences for what throughout this tradition was called into question namely： the ethos （the dimension of the human being）. It is the distinction between two aspirant principles. In terms of form, the one allows and sustains accomplishment, whereas the other doesn＇t. As for the former, the reference is mainly to classical ethical positions （on the one hand Plato and Aristotle, on the other hand Kant）. As for the latter, on which the focus of this research lies, a phenomenological analysis of the concept of sustainability might help in its comprehension as well as in the understanding of the way in which we, today, by complying with it, conceive of something like an open future.

Amman＇s Land Typology： The Importance of Site Characteristics on the Delivery of Sustainable Buildings

Amman＇s land typology is characterized by hilly slopes, and this presents challenges and opportunities for architects and designers aiming at delivering sustainable buildings. The research focuses on the importance of any site＇s given criteria, mainly its slope and topography on the delivery of sustainable buildings. Amman city consists broadly of two main types of buildings, apartment buildings and villas, by studying each type of building with regard to its environmental context on a given site in the city, the research seeks to identify the sustainable variables that site topography delimit or facilitate, using a set of attributes for each building type. The main objective of this research is to highlight the sustainable approach for building on sloped sites throughout the building project life-cycle in general, and to set a sustainability framework for designers during the initial design phase in particular. A number of case studies for both types of buildings are studied and analysed, and conclusions are given based on syntheses of available data from literature review or case analysis. At the end, the research provides a mechanism for the development of guidelines for sustainable and passive viability on preferred buildings orientation in hilly areas with regard to local climatic data.

Sustainable Construction --An International Comparison of Civil Engineering Students

Sustainable construction in the future will be influenced significantly by the beliefs and actions of civil engineering students studying at university today. A comparative investigation of the appreciation and attitudes regarding sustainable construction of civil engineering students at The NUCE （National University of Civil Engineering） in Vietnam, and the Universities of Loughborough and Liverpool in the UK were therefore conducted. Results indicate that students at all three universities appreciate the importance of the development of sustainable construction and have positive attitudes with regards to sustainability. Construction design and appropriate use of materials were two issues generally considered the most important with regards to sustainability, but were also thought to be adequately covered on the courses in all three institutions.

Lighting Design in Europe： Aligning the Demands for Lower Energy Usage with Better Quality

Lighting design is one of the fastest changing areas in building engineering. It has evolved significantly in recent years due to changing technology and demands for improved quality, better control, reduced energy and sustainability. This paper is an overview of what is happening in Europe and elsewhere and examines the literature to find that latest recommendations in the Code for Lighting issued by the SLL （Society of Light and Lighting） in the UK change previous demands for equal illuminance across a working plane to more specific and demanding criteria. There are recommendations for qualitative metrics and better distribution of light so as to enhance the visual appearance of interiors. European standards are also examined and the LENI （lighting energy numerical indicator） has been found to be a better way of reducing energy than installed load. New LED （light-emitting diode） lamp technology is examined and daylight is discussed in the context of these changing demands. It is found that lighting standards and design are changing for the better but that standards will need to evolve further if they are to ensure good quality lighting.

Measuring the Accessibility of Safe Drinking-water： From Millennium Development Goals Experience to Sustainable Development Goals Prospects

The access to safe drinking-water is a global priority for sustainable development, as it has been recognized within the MDGs （Millennium Development Goals）. Although the MDG’s target of halving the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking-water was met in 2010, the measurement method of the monitoring and evaluation indicator used ignored certain elements including the quality of water that should be underlined. Starting with a review of drinking-water and improved water source concepts, this study examines the limitations of measuring access to safe drinking-water in the context of the MDGs, and learns from the lessons to ensure a better performance in achieving the SDGs （Sustainable Development Goals）.

Clusters, Governance and Sustainability

One of the most important aspects of current economical and social reality of each local and regional territory, and very much determinative for its economic development potential, is the nature of its territorial organization of the productive processes, as well as, the characteristics, and sophistication level, of the enterprise strategies that are functioning in it. This paper seeks to contribute to the ongoing discussion on the role of clusters as engines of economic and social development and sustainability of local and regional territories. Based on a study research methodology, we intend to answer to the following research questions： （1） What is the importance of clusters in the increment process of the local and regional conditions of governance and sustainability？ （2） How specific models of clusters＇ governance can contribute to greater territorial setting of enterprises and to increasing the sustainability of its development strategies？ （3） To what extent industrial public policies can increase the sustainability of development solutions for local and regional economies？