Vocabulary knowledge is one of the most important aspects of language development. For bilingual students, early vocabulary development often predicts their future bilingual success. This paper examines early bilingua...Vocabulary knowledge is one of the most important aspects of language development. For bilingual students, early vocabulary development often predicts their future bilingual success. This paper examines early bilingual receptive vocabulary knowledge of ethnic minority children(N=135) from two large ethnic language communities(Uyghur and Kazak) in three national-level povertystricken counties in Xinjiang, China. The children’s bilingual vocabulary knowledge was assessed using translated versions of the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-IV(PPTV-IV) in Putonghua(PTH) and their mother tongue(MT) Uyghur or Kazak. Data were analyzed through four General Linear Models(GLM). The analyses showed that both groups scored higher in MT vocabulary knowledge than that in their PTH, although the Kazak students’ MT vocabulary scores were lower than those of the Uyghurs. While gender, age, L1, or residence location were not significant factors in differences across the two groups in PTH, among the Kazak children, the main effect of age was significant in MT;and among Uyghur children, residence location had a significant effect. The two groups also differed in patterns of acquisition in different parts of speech(nouns, verbs, and attributes) with Uyghur children performing strongest in MT and PTH verbs. The findings have important implications for ensuring the quality of early bilingual education among impoverished Chinese minority communities.展开更多
In July 2009, serious ethnic disturbances took place in 0r^imqi, the capital of Xinjiang, in China＇s north-west. Although open to diverse interpretations, they embodied serious conflicts between the Oighurs--the most...In July 2009, serious ethnic disturbances took place in 0r^imqi, the capital of Xinjiang, in China＇s north-west. Although open to diverse interpretations, they embodied serious conflicts between the Oighurs--the most populous ethnic group of Xinjiang--and China＇s dominant Han nationality. This article seeks to identify the causes of the disturbances, including both those internal to China and those external to it, both short-term and long-term. The issue is important, because Chinese official sources largely blamed outside terrorist and extremist forces, especially those associated with the main Uighur diaspora organizations, while the Uighur diaspora itself, largely supported by Western journalists and scholars, put the responsibility on the Chinese state, charging it with injustices against the Uighurs. This article contributes to the literature by finding both internal and external contributing factors. It also looks at the ramifications of the disturbances, including both the aftermath of the incidents and prospects for the future, and adopts a fairly pessimistic stance concerning short-term ethnic relations. The methodology is textual analysis and personal experience.展开更多
The ethnic landscape of Urumqi has undergone significant changes since the 1980s, which has fostered greater ethnic diversity. However, little is known about the changing patterns of spatial segregation among ethnic g...The ethnic landscape of Urumqi has undergone significant changes since the 1980s, which has fostered greater ethnic diversity. However, little is known about the changing patterns of spatial segregation among ethnic groups. By using the Urumqi census data from 1982 to 2010, this study examines the level of residential segregation of Uighur from Hart and the level of residential segregation of Kazak, Hui, Mongolia and other ethnic minority groups from the majority Han and Uygur population by the indices of dissimilarity and exposure. Then it assesses a regression between residential segregation and the percentage of the ethnic groups. Finally, it finds out whether there exists a regression between residential segregation and the percentage of the ethnic groups. The result reveals that Kazak population is the most segregated group from Han and Uygur, although the level of segregation has declined from 1982 to 2010. Uighur people experienced lower level of segregation from Han between 1982 and 2000, but has gradually increased, particularly from 2000 to 2010; this unexpected change of the segregation for Uighur group might be associated with 7.5 Events. The findings of the study show that the growth of the Han population is negatively associated with segregation of the ethnic groups in a district, and that the association between the percentage of population and segregation was uniform for Uighur, Hui and Kazak： the higher percentage of an ethnic group in a district, the lower level of segregation.展开更多
文摘Vocabulary knowledge is one of the most important aspects of language development. For bilingual students, early vocabulary development often predicts their future bilingual success. This paper examines early bilingual receptive vocabulary knowledge of ethnic minority children(N=135) from two large ethnic language communities(Uyghur and Kazak) in three national-level povertystricken counties in Xinjiang, China. The children’s bilingual vocabulary knowledge was assessed using translated versions of the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-IV(PPTV-IV) in Putonghua(PTH) and their mother tongue(MT) Uyghur or Kazak. Data were analyzed through four General Linear Models(GLM). The analyses showed that both groups scored higher in MT vocabulary knowledge than that in their PTH, although the Kazak students’ MT vocabulary scores were lower than those of the Uyghurs. While gender, age, L1, or residence location were not significant factors in differences across the two groups in PTH, among the Kazak children, the main effect of age was significant in MT;and among Uyghur children, residence location had a significant effect. The two groups also differed in patterns of acquisition in different parts of speech(nouns, verbs, and attributes) with Uyghur children performing strongest in MT and PTH verbs. The findings have important implications for ensuring the quality of early bilingual education among impoverished Chinese minority communities.
文摘In July 2009, serious ethnic disturbances took place in 0r^imqi, the capital of Xinjiang, in China＇s north-west. Although open to diverse interpretations, they embodied serious conflicts between the Oighurs--the most populous ethnic group of Xinjiang--and China＇s dominant Han nationality. This article seeks to identify the causes of the disturbances, including both those internal to China and those external to it, both short-term and long-term. The issue is important, because Chinese official sources largely blamed outside terrorist and extremist forces, especially those associated with the main Uighur diaspora organizations, while the Uighur diaspora itself, largely supported by Western journalists and scholars, put the responsibility on the Chinese state, charging it with injustices against the Uighurs. This article contributes to the literature by finding both internal and external contributing factors. It also looks at the ramifications of the disturbances, including both the aftermath of the incidents and prospects for the future, and adopts a fairly pessimistic stance concerning short-term ethnic relations. The methodology is textual analysis and personal experience.
文摘The ethnic landscape of Urumqi has undergone significant changes since the 1980s, which has fostered greater ethnic diversity. However, little is known about the changing patterns of spatial segregation among ethnic groups. By using the Urumqi census data from 1982 to 2010, this study examines the level of residential segregation of Uighur from Hart and the level of residential segregation of Kazak, Hui, Mongolia and other ethnic minority groups from the majority Han and Uygur population by the indices of dissimilarity and exposure. Then it assesses a regression between residential segregation and the percentage of the ethnic groups. Finally, it finds out whether there exists a regression between residential segregation and the percentage of the ethnic groups. The result reveals that Kazak population is the most segregated group from Han and Uygur, although the level of segregation has declined from 1982 to 2010. Uighur people experienced lower level of segregation from Han between 1982 and 2000, but has gradually increased, particularly from 2000 to 2010; this unexpected change of the segregation for Uighur group might be associated with 7.5 Events. The findings of the study show that the growth of the Han population is negatively associated with segregation of the ethnic groups in a district, and that the association between the percentage of population and segregation was uniform for Uighur, Hui and Kazak： the higher percentage of an ethnic group in a district, the lower level of segregation.
