热处理温度对PAN基碳纤维微观结构的影响

利用X射线衍射、元素分析、拉曼光谱研究了不同热处理条件下聚丙烯腈基碳纤维(PAN-CFs)微观结构和元素含量的变化,定义了PAN-CFs石墨微晶长度和石墨微晶体积。结果表明:随着热处理温度升高,纤维中氮元素含量不断减小;石墨微晶长度、微晶宽度、微晶堆叠厚度以及微晶体积均不断增大;纤维的空隙率不断增加,空隙率增加的原因为氮元素的脱出和微晶体积的增大;纤维的石墨化程度不断增加。

基于分形理论的人体骨二维微观结构建模方法研究

利用人体骨二维微观结构多区域上的自相似这一分形特性 ,采用分形理论和蒙特卡罗 (Monte- Carlo)模拟法来代替传统建模方法建立人体骨微观结构的二维模型。

钛合金二维微观组织结构的计算机重构技术研究

为克服现有计算机重构算法的不足,提出基于几何特征提取和可视化仿真相结合的高效计算机重构算法。以钛合金材料的扫描电子显微镜实验数据为依据,在进行晶粒轮廓几何特征分离提取的基础上,基于计算机语言进行材料二维微观组织结构的可视化设计,最终实现了钛合金材料二维微观组织多晶粒拓扑结构的计算机重构。

Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon Fiber from Paper

Activated carbon fibers （ACFS） with surface area of 1388 m2/g prepared from paper by chemical activation with KOH has been utilized as the adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution. The experimental data were analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich models of adsorption. The effects of pH value on the adsorption capacity of ACFS were also investigated. The rates of adsorption were found to conform to the kinetic model of Pseudo-second-order equation with high values of the correlation coefficients （R〉0.998）. The Langmuir isotherm was found to fit the experimental data better than the Feundlich isotherm over the whole concentration range. Maximum adsorption capacity of 520 mg/g at equilibrium was achieved. It was found that pH played a major role in the adsorption process, higher pH value favored the adsorption of MB.

微课在高中化学教学中的实践与思考

近几年,微课成为教学手段的“新时尚”,教师们纷纷研究如何将它有效应用于中学化学教学中。本文从“多维展示微观结构,弥补传统教学手段不足”,“充分利用网络资源,突破教学重、难点”,“录制实验型微课,增强课堂互动,培养实验探究设计思路”三个方面讲述微课在高中化学教学中的实践与思考。

Laboratory study on geotechnical characteristics of marine coral clay

The hydraulic reclamation coral clay is a new type of clay,formed during the sorting process of coral island reef reclamation.The foundation of the hydraulic reclamation coral reef consists of coral sand,silt,and clay.The part of the particles with particle size less than 0.075 mm contain more than 50%forms clay.As a new type of clay,the geotechnical properties were rarely reported in previous studies.In this paper,the physical and mechanical properties,microstructure and mineral composition were comprehensively researched by a series of laboratory tests.The results show that coral clay is a low liquid limit clay with high pore ratio and high saturation.From the aspect of mineral compositions,the coral clay studied consists of calcite and aragonite,while the chemical composition of it is calcium carbonate.The void ratio has a significant effect on the compressive properties of coral clay.With the increase of the void ratio,the compression coefficient a_(1-2) and compression index C_(c) gradually increase,and the compression modulus Es gradually decreases.The undrained stress−strain curve of coral clay shows a strain-softening behavior,and the peak strength and residual strength are positively linear correlated with confining pressure.

Effect of nanofibers at surface of carbon fibers on microstructure of carbon/carbon composites during chemical vapor infiltration

Before densification by chemical vapor infiltration,carbon or SiC nanofibers were grown on the surface of carbon fibers by catalytic chemical vapor deposition using electroplated Ni as catalyst.The modification and mechanism of nanofibers on the pyrocarbon deposition during chemical vapor infiltration were investigated.The results show that the nanofibers improve the surface activity of the carbon fibers and become active nucleation centers during chemical vapor infiltration.They can induce the ordered deposition of pyrocarbon and adjust the interface bonding between pyrocarbon and carbon fibers during the infiltration.

Morphology and Microstructure of Spider Dragline Silk from Araneus Ventricosus

The spider dragline silk has excellent mechanical properties. The stress- strain curves of dragline silk fibers have intraspecific and intraindividual variability because of the spider’s active control during spinning process. To investigate the relationship between the morphology of dragline silk fibers and spinning conditions, four samples were made at the reeling rates of 1 mm/s, 20 mm/s, 43.5 mm/s and 110 mm/s from the major ampullate glands of Araneus Ventricosus and the other two of dragline silks were prepared from a crawling or dropping spider. The surface microstructure and nanofibril characteristic were analyzed with atomic force microscopy (AFM). AFM images of 2 000 nm *2 000 nm and 500 nm*500 nm of these samples showed that the spinning condition influenced the surface roughness and fibril size, while AFM images of 200 nm*200 nm clearly displayed that dragline silk of Araneus Ventricosus included sheet macro-conformation structure. These results can facilitate the further investigation of the spinning mechanism of a spider in order to understand mechanical properties and macromolecular structures of dragline silk.

Advancements in three-dimensional titanium alloy mesh scaffolds fabricated by electron beam melting for biomedical devices: mechanical and biological aspects

We elucidate here the process-structure-property relationships in three-dimensional（3 D） implantable titanium alloy biomaterials processed by electron beam melting（EBM） that is based on the principle of additive manufacturing. The conventional methods for processing of biomedical devices including freeze casting and sintering are limited because of the difficulties in adaptation at the host site and difference in the micro/macrostructure, mechanical, and physical properties with the host tissue. In this regard, EBM has a unique advantage of processing patient-specific complex designs, which can be either obtained from the computed tomography（CT） scan of the defect site or through a computeraided design（CAD） program. This review introduces and summarizes the evolution and underlying reasons that have motivated 3 D printing of scaffolds for tissue regeneration.The overview comprises of two parts for obtaining ultimate functionalities. The first part focuses on obtaining the ultimate functionalities in terms of mechanical properties of 3 D titanium alloy scaffolds fabricated by EBM with different characteristics based on design, unit cell, processing parameters, scan speed, porosity, and heat treatment. The second part focuses on the advancement of enhancing biological responses of these 3 D scaffolds and the influence of surface modification on cell-material interactions. The overview concludes with a discussion on the clinical trials of these 3 D porous scaffolds illustrating their potential in meeting the current needs of the biomedical industry.

Advances in Optical Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Technologies

The authors review their recent advances in the development of optical fiber Bragg grating （FBG） sensor technologies. After a brief review of the fiber grating sensors, several newly developed FBG sensors are described. With the continuous development of fiber materials, microstructures and post-processing technologies, FBG sensors are still creative after the first demonstration of permanent gratings thirty years ago.

Influence of additive multilayer feature on thermodynamics, stress and microstructure development during laser 3D printing of aluminum-based material

A transient three dimensional model for describing the temperature behavior, thermo-capillary convection, microstructure evolution and the resultant mechanical properties during selective laser melting of AIN/AlSilOMg composite is proposed. The powder-solid transformation, temperature dependent physical properties and the preservation of the heat are taken into account. The effect of the additive manufacturing multilayer feature on the molten pool dynamics, cooling rate, crystal size, microstructure morphology, micro-hardness and types of the residual stress has been investigated. It shows that the operating temperature and the thermo-capillary convection obtained within the molten pool generally increases as the processing multilayers are successively added, while the thermal effect depth is negatively reduced. The preferential direction of the heat diffusion generally changes from a downward pattern, then to the slightly strengthened horizontal direction and finally to a typically horizontal one for various deposited layers being processed. Therefore, the microstructure of the solidified part along the building direction （Region 1 to Region V） undergoes an interesting transformation： directional columnar cellular microstructure, crosswise-extended cellular microstructure, refined cellular microstructure, fragmentation microstructure and the coarse cellular microstructure. The tensile stress and the compressive stress are comprehensively obtained within the finally solidified layers, significantly influencing the microhardness.

Microstructures and mechanical properties of fiber cells from Echinocactus grusonii cactus spine

Spine is the sharpest and hardest part of many plants, which contains highly aligned fiber cells. Here, we report the micro- structures and mechanical properties as well as their correlation of single spine fiber cells （SFCs） from the cactus Echinocactus grusonii. It is found that the SFCs are 0.32-0.57 mm in length and 4.6-6.0 gm in width, yielding an aspect ratio of 53-124. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry show that the spine fiber is mainly made up of cellulose I with a crystallinity index up to -76%. Nanoindentation tests show that a natural spine presents a high modulus of -17 GPa. Removing hemicellulose and lignin from the SFC significantly reduces its modulus to -0.487 GPa, demonstrating the critical role of adhesives hemicellulose and lignin in affecting the mechanical properties of the SFCs. This finding sheds light on de- signing novel bio-inspired high-performance composite nanomaterials with aligned nanofibers, such as using hemicellulose and lignin as adhesive in making carbon nanotube fibers.

Evolution of the ductile shear zone of the Paishanlou gold deposits,western Liaoning,China

The combination of field surveys with analysis of microstructure of tectonite and Electron Backscatter Diffraction(EBSD) on quartz fabric indicated that three periods of ductile shear events developed in the Paishanlou gold deposits and the E-W and NE-striking ductile shear zones were formed during each event.The E-W-striking ductile shear zone,accompanied by compressional and dextral shear slip,was shear-cut by the NE-striking shear zones,accompanied by compressional-sinistral shear slip and sinistral-normal shear slip,successively.An E-W-striking ductile shear zone developed at a deeper tectonic level and at middle- to high-temperatures,accompanied by abundant microstructures,including microlayering between a polycrystal quartz belt and mica,and quartz deformation was depended on cylinder(10-10) or <c> glide.The development of an E-W-striking shear zone can be seen as a tectonic pattern in the region of the Paishanlou gold deposits of the collision between the Mongolian tectonic belt and the North Archean Craton from Suolun to the Linxi suture zone during the Indosinian.The NE-striking ductile shear zone developed approximately 160 Ma during the early Yianshanian at middle to shallow tectonic levels and at middle- to low-temperatures,accompanied by typical microstructures,including polycrystal quartz aggregation and quartz subgrain rotation recrystallization,etc.,and quartz deformation was depended on prismatic(1011) glide.The last ductile shear event around the NE-striking shear zone developed at low temperatures and shallow tectonic levels,yielding to a pre-existing NE-striking shear zone,accompanied by abundant microstructures,including low-temperature quartz grain boundary migration and bulging recrystallization.The last ductile shear movement may be related to lithosphere thinning and the destruction of the North China Craton from approximately 130-120 Ma,and this shear event resulted directly in the mineralization in the Paishanlou region.

Development of impact resistant 3D printed multi-layer carbon fibre reinforced composites by structural design

In this study,a high impact resistant multi-layered composite consisting of continuous carbon fibre/nylon(CCF)and short carbon fibre/nylon(SCF)layers is developed via 3D printing technology.The effect of CCF/SCF layers configuration on the impact resistance is investigated by low-velocity impact test,and the impact failure mechanism of the 3D printed composites is explored by microscopic observations and finite element(FE)simulation analysis.The results show that the 3D printed multi-layered composite with SCF layers distributed in the middle(HFA)exhibits higher impact resistant performance than the specimens with alternating SCF/CCF layers(HFB)and CCF layers distributed in the middle(HFC).The effect of CCF/SCF layers proportion on the impact performance is also studied by FE simulation,and the results show that the specimen with a CCF/SCF proportion of 7.0 exhibits the highest impact strength.