陕北地貌形态与城镇体系空间结构耦合方法

根据分形理论和维数合成法,可算出陕北地区城镇体系位序——规模分维数和城镇体系空间结构分维数。计算结果表明,陕北地区总人口分布相对合理,非农业人口分布不太合理,城镇人口分布和理想分布差距较大,而且这个差距具有变大的趋势。对此,可根据城镇体系空间结构分维数,构建对应的城镇体系空间结构分形模型;以城镇体系空间结构分形模型为基础,建立城镇体系发展的数字化规划模式,使陕北地区城镇发展模式与地貌形态、人口分布和经济结构相适应,促进社会和谐发展。

Space gripper configuration and its dimension synthesis based on genetic algorithm

The special fingers of the gripper on the space robot have been developed based on genetic algorithmfor the space application.Therefore,the symmetrical wedgelike finger composed of the 4-1ink mechanismand the relevant track were designed.To decrease the weight and optimize the kinematics and grip force,the compositive fitness function for dynamics and kinematics was created.The calculation efficiency couldbe improved by novel methods which overcame the problem of too many constraints in the solution space,such as introducing the specialist's experience and punishment function and simplifying the variables.The solutions show that the optimized finger could perform well and the methods were effectual.

Modeling of a slurry bubble column reactor for Fischer-Tropsch syn- thesis

On the basis of the global CO consumption rate model, the lumped product distribution model and the sedimenta- tion-dispersion model of a catalyst, a steady-state, one-dimensional mathematical model of the slurry bubble column reactor for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis were established. The mathematical simulation of the slurry bubble column reactor for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis was carried out under the following typical industrial operating conditions： temperature 230 ℃, pressure 3.0 MPa, gas flow 5x 105 m3/h, catalyst content in slurry phase 30%, reactor diameter 5.0 m and the composition of feed gas： y（H2）=0.60, y（CO）=0.30, y（N2）=0.10. The influences of operating pressure, temperature and re（HE）Ira（CO） in feed gas on the reactor＇s reaction performance were simulated.

Study on methanol synthesis from coal-based syngas

The intrinsic kinetic models of the Langmuir-Hinshelwood type were investigated in terms of the reaction rates of CO hydrogenation and CO_2 hydrogenation in theform of reactant fugacity. The parameters were estimated by the Universal Global Optimization using the Marquardt method. Residual error distribution and statistic tests show thatthe intrinsic kinetic models are reliable and acceptable. The mathematic model of a combined converter formed by gas-cooled and water-cooled reactor was developed and thegas-cooled reactor and the water-cooled reactor were characterized with one-dimensionalmathematic model. The distributions of temperature and concentration in the catalytic bedof the gas-cooled reactor and the water-cooled reactor in a combined converter with ayield of 1.2 Mt/a were simulated. The parallel cross linking pore model was used to describe the transfer process of multi-component diffusion system in the catalyst. The calculated value computed by the internal diffusion efficiency factor calculation model established for methanol synthesis catalyst fit the experimental value very well.

Using texture synthesis in fractal pattern design

Traditional fractal pattern design has some disadvantages such as inability to effectively reflect the characteristics of real scenery and texture. We propose a novel pattern design technique combining fractal geometry and image texture synthesis to solve these problems. We have improved Wei and Levoy (2000)’s texture synthesis algorithm by first using two-dimensional autocorrelation function to analyze the structure and distribution of textures, and then determining the size of L neighborhood. Several special fractal sets were adopted and HSL (Hue, Saturation, and Light) color space was chosen. The fractal structure was used to manipulate the texture synthesis in HSL color space where the pattern’s color can be adjusted conveniently. Experiments showed that patterns with different styles and different color characteristics can be more efficiently generated using the new technique.

THREE DIMENSIONAL DIGITIZATION OF HUMAN HEAD BY FUSING STRUCTURED LIGHT AND CONTOURS

Three dimensional digitization of human head is desired in many applications. In this paper, an information fusion based scheme is presented to obtain 3-D information of human head. Structured light technology is employed to measure depth. For the special reflection areas,in which the structured light stripe can not be detected directly, the shape of the structured light stripe can be calculated from the corresponding contour. By fusing the information of structured light and the contours, the problem of reflectance influence is solved, and the whole shape of head,including hair area, can be obtained. Some good results are obtained.

异性分形表面合成方法及表面特性研究

针对异性分形表面的建模,提出了一种以二维离散傅里叶变换为基础,以名义维数Dx,Dy为驱动参数的表面合成方法--合成维数法。通过对比名义维数与采用轮廓功率谱公式和数值分析法得到的表面计算维数的关系,验证了该方法的有效性。探讨了名义维数对x,y方向轮廓能量分布以及对表面及轮廓粗糙度的影响。一方面在轮廓功率谱分析的基础上定义了轮廓累计功率比,用于描述表面轮廓的能量分布特性,不仅促进了对名义维数和轮廓能量关系的定性理解,更能定量地解释不同维数值影响下频率和轮廓能量分布的关系。另一方面以能量分析为切入点,建立了名义维数与表面及轮廓粗糙度参数间的联系,并且依据能量守恒定律,证明并揭示了轮廓粗糙度Rqx,Rqy之间以及二者与面粗糙度Sq的关系。同时得出结论,Dx或Dy值越小,低频部分能量占比越高,反之亦然,但是x,y方向轮廓总功率始终相等,并随Dx,Dy增大而增大;Dx,Dy只影响Sq,Rqx,Rqy的绝对数值,二者的增大会引起粗糙度值增加,但并不影响Rqx,Rqy的相对关系。

Sound absorption performance of natural fibers and their composites

This research aimed to study the sound absorption properties of natural fibers and their reinforced composites.Sound absorption coefficients of three types of natural fibers,i.e.,ramie,flax and jute fibers and their composites were measured by the two-microphone transfer function technique in the impedance tube.The results were compared with synthetic fibers and their composites.It was found that both natural fibers and their composites had superior capability of noise reduction.The multi-scale and hollow lumen structures of natural fibers contributed to the high sound absorption performance.Moreover,the sound absorption properties of these natural fibers were also calculated by the Delany-Bazley and Garai-Pompoli models.They showed good agreement with the experimental data.It was concluded that multi-functional composite materials can be made by natural fibers so that both the mechanical and acoustical functions can be achieved.

Mathematical analysis on a multidimensional model of morphogen transport with receptor synthesis

In biological development, morphogens are locally produced and spread to other regions in organs, forming gradients that control the inter-related pattern and growth of developing organs. Mechanisms of morphogen transport were built and investigated by numerical simulations in [A. D. Lander, Q. Nie and F. Y. M. Wan, Do morphogen gradients arise by diffusion？ Developmental Cell 2 （2002） 785-796]. In that paper, model C, which considers endocytosis, exocytosis and receptor synthesis and degradation, is in a one-dimensional spatial region and couples a partial differential equation with ordinary differential equations. Here, this model is promoted to an arbitrary dimension bounded region. We prove existence, uniqueness and non-negativity of a global solution for this advanced model, of its steady-state solution and linear stability of steady state by operator semigroup, the Schauder theorem and local perturbation method. Our results improve previous results for this model in a one dimension region.