This paper deals with transformation procedures for observed GPS data from the world geodetic system WGS84 into the national geodetic grid datum SUTCN （system of united trigonometric cadaster network） and Baa（the B...This paper deals with transformation procedures for observed GPS data from the world geodetic system WGS84 into the national geodetic grid datum SUTCN （system of united trigonometric cadaster network） and Baa（the Baltic Sea after adjustment）.Transformation from WGS84 into SUTCN is performed most frequently by means of the 7element Helmert transformation with three identical points.Geodetic network was adjusted by two ways.展开更多
Systematic approach to the maintenance of rural road network is a very important issue from the viewpoint of public costs. Most countries developed custom PMS （pavement management systems） based on deterministic or ...Systematic approach to the maintenance of rural road network is a very important issue from the viewpoint of public costs. Most countries developed custom PMS （pavement management systems） based on deterministic or probabilistic approach. The main goal is to ensure safety and continuity of road traffic on road network with low intensity and lower technical requirements. Article presents PMS used for Slovakia rural road network based on road construction diagnostics, traffic volume, climate factors and evaluation of maintenance works economics effectives by using of software tools like HDM-4 developed by World Bank. Local road administrators of rural road networks often lack the software equipment, most PMS, however effective, are often cumbersome, demanding in regard to energy, know-how and software equipment. The majority of local road administrators of rural road networks thus resort to non-effective reactive maintenance strategies. This article describes an easy to use method, based on predetermined maintenance repair and rehabilitation standards. A simple method, based on road user cost, is introduced that administrator can use to prepare a list of road section eligible for repair according to their repair priority.展开更多
文摘This paper deals with transformation procedures for observed GPS data from the world geodetic system WGS84 into the national geodetic grid datum SUTCN （system of united trigonometric cadaster network） and Baa（the Baltic Sea after adjustment）.Transformation from WGS84 into SUTCN is performed most frequently by means of the 7element Helmert transformation with three identical points.Geodetic network was adjusted by two ways.
文摘Systematic approach to the maintenance of rural road network is a very important issue from the viewpoint of public costs. Most countries developed custom PMS （pavement management systems） based on deterministic or probabilistic approach. The main goal is to ensure safety and continuity of road traffic on road network with low intensity and lower technical requirements. Article presents PMS used for Slovakia rural road network based on road construction diagnostics, traffic volume, climate factors and evaluation of maintenance works economics effectives by using of software tools like HDM-4 developed by World Bank. Local road administrators of rural road networks often lack the software equipment, most PMS, however effective, are often cumbersome, demanding in regard to energy, know-how and software equipment. The majority of local road administrators of rural road networks thus resort to non-effective reactive maintenance strategies. This article describes an easy to use method, based on predetermined maintenance repair and rehabilitation standards. A simple method, based on road user cost, is introduced that administrator can use to prepare a list of road section eligible for repair according to their repair priority.
