目的探讨载N-（4-羟基苯基）维甲酰胺（4HPR）及4HPR脂质体（4HPR-L）与4HPR脂质微泡（4HPR-LM）联合超声对人瘢痕疙瘩成纤维细胞（Fb）增殖、凋亡及细胞周期的影响。方法（1）采用水化超声法制备4HPR-L及4HPR-LM，采用高效液相色谱法...目的探讨载N-（4-羟基苯基）维甲酰胺（4HPR）及4HPR脂质体（4HPR-L）与4HPR脂质微泡（4HPR-LM）联合超声对人瘢痕疙瘩成纤维细胞（Fb）增殖、凋亡及细胞周期的影响。方法（1）采用水化超声法制备4HPR-L及4HPR-LM，采用高效液相色谱法、动态光散射法、透射电镜对4HPR-L外观形态、粒径分布、Zeta电势、载药浓度、包封率、载药量进行考察。（2）取人瘢痕疙瘩Fb，采用随机数字表法（分组方法下同）分为13组，每组6孔。对照组细胞不给予任何处理，0.5 W 30 s组、0.5 W 60 s组、0.5 W 120 s组、0.7 W 30 s组、0.7 W 60 s组、0.7 W 120 s组、1.0 W 30 s组、1.0 W 60 s组、1.0 W 120 s组、1.5 W 30 s组、1.5 W 60 s组、1.5 W 120 s组12个超声组细胞分别给予对应参数超声处理。常规培养24 h后，酶标仪测定细胞活力。另取人瘢痕疙瘩Fb，分为5组，每组6孔。对照组细胞不给予任何处理，1、10、20、50 μg/mL空白脂质微泡组细胞给予对应质量浓度的空白脂质微泡处理，常规培养24 h后同前测定细胞活力。另取人瘢痕疙瘩Fb，分为6组，每组12孔。对照组细胞不给予任何处理，1、10、20、50、100 μg/mL 4HPR-L组细胞分别加入含对应质量浓度4HPR的4HPR-L处理，常规培养24、48 h后每组各取6孔同前测定细胞活力。另取人瘢痕疙瘩Fb，分为4组，每组6孔。对照组细胞不给予任何处理，4HPR组、4HPR-L组和4HPR-LM＋超声组细胞分别加入4HPR、4HPR-L、4HPR-LM（4HPR质量浓度均为20 μg/mL）处理，4HPR-LM＋超声组细胞给药后立即给予0.5 W 60 s超声处理。常规培养24 h后同前测定细胞活力。（3）取人瘢痕疙瘩Fb，分为对照组、4HPR组、4HPR-L组和4HPR-LM＋超声组，每组3孔，各组细胞处理同前。常规培养24 h后流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡情况。（4）取人瘢痕疙瘩Fb，同（3）分组及处理，常规培养24 h后流式细胞仪检测细胞周期分布情况。对数据行单因素方差分析和t检验。结果（1）4HPR-L颗粒呈大小均匀的球形或类球形结构，粒径为（100.1±1.3）nm，Zeta电势为（－34.3±2.3）mV。4HPR-L溶液中4HPR质量浓度在1 400 μg/mL左右，包封率为（95.8±1.2）%，载药量为（8.3±0.4）%。（2）12个超声组细胞活力均高于93.0%。1、10、20、50 μg/mL空白脂质微泡组细胞活力均高于95.0%。1 μg/mL 4HPR-L组细胞给药24、48 h细胞活力相近（t＝0.393，P〉0.05），给药24 h时10、20、50、100 μg/mL 4HPR-L组细胞活力明显高于给药48 h（t＝44.593、22.961、32.224、35.337，P〈0.01）。4HPR组、4HPR-L组与4HPR-LM＋超声组给药24 h细胞活力分别为（47.3±0.7）%、（42.3±1.7）%、（38.6±0.8）%。4HPR组细胞活力明显高于4HPR-L组和4HPR-LM＋超声组（t＝4.551、15.895，P〈0.05或P〈0.01），4HPR-L组细胞活力明显高于4HPR-LM＋超声组（t＝－3.360，P〈0.05）。（3）4HPR组、4HPR-L组与4HPR-LM＋超声组总凋亡细胞百分比分别为（32.8±2.4）%、（42.5±2.4）%、（58.5±6.3）%，明显高于对照组的（14.9±1.6）%（t＝8.748、13.637、9.500，P〈0.01）；4HPR-L组与4HPR-LM＋超声组总凋亡细胞百分比明显高于4HPR组（t＝4.049、5.393，P〈0.05或P〈0.01）；4HPR-LM＋超声组总凋亡细胞百分比明显高于4HPR-L组（t＝3.371，P〈0.01）。（4）4HPR组G2/M期细胞百分比高于对照组，但差异无统计学意义（t＝2.107，P〉0.05）；4HPR-L组G2/M期细胞百分比明显高于4HPR组和对照组（t＝18.169、30.026，P〈0.01）；4HPR-LM＋超声组G2/M期细胞百分比明显高于4HPR-L组、4HPR组和对照组（t＝4.932、25.854、66.231，P〈0.01）。结论4HPR可抑制人瘢痕疙瘩Fb增殖、诱导细胞凋亡及发生G2/M期阻滞，且4HPR-LM联合超声的作用效果优于4HPR-L和游离4HPR。展开更多
为了评价杀虫剂对七星瓢虫的毒性风险,采用药膜法测定了7%甲维·氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂对七星瓢虫的室内毒性效应,设置0.606,0.909,1.36,2.05,3.08,4.62 g a.i.·hm^(-2)6个浓度处理,以去离子水和丙酮处理为对照,监测七星瓢虫死亡...为了评价杀虫剂对七星瓢虫的毒性风险,采用药膜法测定了7%甲维·氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂对七星瓢虫的室内毒性效应,设置0.606,0.909,1.36,2.05,3.08,4.62 g a.i.·hm^(-2)6个浓度处理,以去离子水和丙酮处理为对照,监测七星瓢虫死亡数、羽化数和化蛹数指标。结果表明,7%甲维·氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂对七星瓢虫第9~15天的半致死剂量(LR_(50))均为1.588 g a.i.·hm^(-2),毒力回归方程为Y=3.037X-0.610;溶剂(丙酮)对照的七星瓢虫幼虫全部化蛹,空白对照(去离子水)幼虫化蛹9.7头,随着7%甲维·氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂处理浓度的增加,化蛹数逐渐下降,从8.7头降低到0.3头,化蛹的幼虫100%完成羽化。该结果为7%甲维·氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂的合理使用提供了参考数据。展开更多
We studied acute and joint toxicity of three different agrochemicals （chlorantraniliprole, flubendiamide-abamectin and penoxsulam） to Chinese tiger frog （Hoplobatrachus chinensis） tadpoles with the method of stabi...We studied acute and joint toxicity of three different agrochemicals （chlorantraniliprole, flubendiamide-abamectin and penoxsulam） to Chinese tiger frog （Hoplobatrachus chinensis） tadpoles with the method of stability water tests. Results showed that the three agrochemicals increased tadpole mortality. For acute toxicity, the LC50 values after 24, 48 and 72 h of chlorantraniliprole, flubendiamide-abamectin and penoxsulam exposure were 5.37, 4.90 and 4.68 mg/L; 0.035, 0.025 and 0.021 rag/L; 1.74, 1.45 and 1.29 mg/L, respectively. The safety concentrations （SC） of chlorantraniliprole, fiubendiamide-abamectin and penoxsulam to the tadpoles were 1.23, 0.30 and 0.003 mg/L, respectively. Based on these findings, chlorantraniliprole and penoxsulam were moderately toxic, while flubendiamide-abamectin was highly toxic. All pairwise joint toxicity tests showed moderate toxicity. The LCs0 values after 24, 48 and 72 h of exposure were 7.08, 6.61 and 6.03 mg/L for chlorantra- niliprole＋penoxsulam, with corresponding values of 2.455, 2.328 and 2.183 mg/L for chlorantraniliprole＋flubendiamide-abamectin, and 1.132, 1.084 and 1.050 mg/L for penoxsulam＋flubendiamide-abamectin, with safe concentrations of 1.73, 0.63 and 0.30 mg/L, respectively. For toxic evaluations of pairwise combinations of the three agrochemicals, only the joint toxicity of chlorantraniliprole and flubendiamide-abamectin after 24 h was found to be synergistic, whereas all other tests were antagonistic. Our findings provide valuable information on the toxic effects of agrochemicals on amphibians and how various types of agrochemicals can be reasonably used in agricultural areas.展开更多
Cold plasma techniques were used to treat the surface of Kevlar-49 fibers. The dynamic parameters of wetting, contact-angles and surface energy of the fiber before and alter the treatment were compared to see the chan...Cold plasma techniques were used to treat the surface of Kevlar-49 fibers. The dynamic parameters of wetting, contact-angles and surface energy of the fiber before and alter the treatment were compared to see the changes in the wetting property. ESCA and electron spin resonance were utilized to examine the chemical composition and the attached free radicals of the fiber surface. The results, together with changes in the magnitude of the contact-angle and the number of free radicals with time after the plasma treatment do not show any ageing effect. Single filament test revealed that the tensile strength was not impaired but even improved somewhat after the plasma treatment. The experiment shows that the interlaminar shear strength of Kevlar fiber reinforced epoxy resin compo- site is increased for more than 60％% after the treatment.展开更多
In this paper, the first generation and second generation of Chilo suppressalis Walker were conducted as the test objects to investigate control of a new pesticide(chlorantraniliprole) with preparation of chlorantrani...In this paper, the first generation and second generation of Chilo suppressalis Walker were conducted as the test objects to investigate control of a new pesticide(chlorantraniliprole) with preparation of chlorantraniliprole 20% SC,abamectin 1.8% EC and chlorpyrifos 40% EC to Chilo suppressalis Walker. The results showed that chlorantraniliprole 20% SC, abamectin 1.8% EC and chlorpyrifos40% EC had effective control to Chilo suppressalis Walker for its excellent control efficacy and long persistence period. Seedling protection efficacies were between84.2%-100%, 90.1% and 92.1%, and insecticidal efficacies were between 84.6%-100%,90.7% and 93.8% 36 days after application of chlorantraniliprole 20% SC in treatments with abamectin 1.8% EC and chlorpyrifos 40% EC for first generation Chilo suppressalis Walker control. The dead panicles were between 0.2%-1.4%, 0.8%and 0.7%, pest plant rate control in 0.4%-2.2%, 1.1% and 0.9%, and the rates of damaged rice plants were between 82.4%-97.6%, 90.2%-91.2% and 91.4%-92.8%,30 days after application of chlorantraniliprole 20% SC, abamectin 1.8% EC and chlorpyrifos 40% EC for the second generation Chilo suppressalis Walker control. It can effectively protect seedlings, protect spike, increase grain number and grain weight, which promoting the increase production income effect. The real estate increased by 9.7%-12.3%, 10.9% and 11.2% than water treatment(CK) with a very significant level, while the incomes were higher than 1 719.19-1 998.22, 1 956.52 and 2 057.83 yuan.展开更多
Spodoptera litura is the most threatening pest in lotus production,seriously affecting the lotus yield and quality.Emamectin benzoate and chlorantraniliprole,the main insecticides for controlling S.litura on vegetable...Spodoptera litura is the most threatening pest in lotus production,seriously affecting the lotus yield and quality.Emamectin benzoate and chlorantraniliprole,the main insecticides for controlling S.litura on vegetables,are widely used by farmers to control S.litura on lotus plants.To determine the application concentrations,control effects,and safety of the two insecticides in lotus fields,indoor experiments were conducted to determine the control effects of 200 g/L chlorantraniliprole(SC)and 5%emamectin benzoate(WDG),and the residues of the two insecticides in the water,lotus leaves,and lotus seeds after field application were determined by HPLC-MS/MS.The indoor experiment results showed that chlorantraniliprole and emamectin benzoate both had good control effects on S.litura,with the median lethal concentrations(LC50)of 17.700 and 1.694 mg/L,respectively.After unmanned aerial vehicle spraying of emamectin benzoate at 20 g/667m^(2),there was no residue of emamectin benzoate in the water or lotus leaves after 5 d.After spraying of chlorantraniliprole at 20 mL/667m^(2),the residual amounts in the water and lotus leaves after 9 d were 0.005 and 0.007 mg/L,respectively.No residue of the two insecticides was detected in lotus seeds(dry and fresh)2 h after spraying.Therefore,it was recommended that chlorantraniliprole and emamectin benzoate can be used to control S.litura in lotus fields during the growth period,while attention should be paid to the application interval for safety.Considering the safe harvesting of lotus seeds and leaves,it was recommended that the preharvest intervals of chlorantraniliprole and 5%emamectin benzoate should be 9 d.展开更多
文摘目的探讨载N-（4-羟基苯基）维甲酰胺（4HPR）及4HPR脂质体（4HPR-L）与4HPR脂质微泡（4HPR-LM）联合超声对人瘢痕疙瘩成纤维细胞（Fb）增殖、凋亡及细胞周期的影响。方法（1）采用水化超声法制备4HPR-L及4HPR-LM，采用高效液相色谱法、动态光散射法、透射电镜对4HPR-L外观形态、粒径分布、Zeta电势、载药浓度、包封率、载药量进行考察。（2）取人瘢痕疙瘩Fb，采用随机数字表法（分组方法下同）分为13组，每组6孔。对照组细胞不给予任何处理，0.5 W 30 s组、0.5 W 60 s组、0.5 W 120 s组、0.7 W 30 s组、0.7 W 60 s组、0.7 W 120 s组、1.0 W 30 s组、1.0 W 60 s组、1.0 W 120 s组、1.5 W 30 s组、1.5 W 60 s组、1.5 W 120 s组12个超声组细胞分别给予对应参数超声处理。常规培养24 h后，酶标仪测定细胞活力。另取人瘢痕疙瘩Fb，分为5组，每组6孔。对照组细胞不给予任何处理，1、10、20、50 μg/mL空白脂质微泡组细胞给予对应质量浓度的空白脂质微泡处理，常规培养24 h后同前测定细胞活力。另取人瘢痕疙瘩Fb，分为6组，每组12孔。对照组细胞不给予任何处理，1、10、20、50、100 μg/mL 4HPR-L组细胞分别加入含对应质量浓度4HPR的4HPR-L处理，常规培养24、48 h后每组各取6孔同前测定细胞活力。另取人瘢痕疙瘩Fb，分为4组，每组6孔。对照组细胞不给予任何处理，4HPR组、4HPR-L组和4HPR-LM＋超声组细胞分别加入4HPR、4HPR-L、4HPR-LM（4HPR质量浓度均为20 μg/mL）处理，4HPR-LM＋超声组细胞给药后立即给予0.5 W 60 s超声处理。常规培养24 h后同前测定细胞活力。（3）取人瘢痕疙瘩Fb，分为对照组、4HPR组、4HPR-L组和4HPR-LM＋超声组，每组3孔，各组细胞处理同前。常规培养24 h后流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡情况。（4）取人瘢痕疙瘩Fb，同（3）分组及处理，常规培养24 h后流式细胞仪检测细胞周期分布情况。对数据行单因素方差分析和t检验。结果（1）4HPR-L颗粒呈大小均匀的球形或类球形结构，粒径为（100.1±1.3）nm，Zeta电势为（－34.3±2.3）mV。4HPR-L溶液中4HPR质量浓度在1 400 μg/mL左右，包封率为（95.8±1.2）%，载药量为（8.3±0.4）%。（2）12个超声组细胞活力均高于93.0%。1、10、20、50 μg/mL空白脂质微泡组细胞活力均高于95.0%。1 μg/mL 4HPR-L组细胞给药24、48 h细胞活力相近（t＝0.393，P〉0.05），给药24 h时10、20、50、100 μg/mL 4HPR-L组细胞活力明显高于给药48 h（t＝44.593、22.961、32.224、35.337，P〈0.01）。4HPR组、4HPR-L组与4HPR-LM＋超声组给药24 h细胞活力分别为（47.3±0.7）%、（42.3±1.7）%、（38.6±0.8）%。4HPR组细胞活力明显高于4HPR-L组和4HPR-LM＋超声组（t＝4.551、15.895，P〈0.05或P〈0.01），4HPR-L组细胞活力明显高于4HPR-LM＋超声组（t＝－3.360，P〈0.05）。（3）4HPR组、4HPR-L组与4HPR-LM＋超声组总凋亡细胞百分比分别为（32.8±2.4）%、（42.5±2.4）%、（58.5±6.3）%，明显高于对照组的（14.9±1.6）%（t＝8.748、13.637、9.500，P〈0.01）；4HPR-L组与4HPR-LM＋超声组总凋亡细胞百分比明显高于4HPR组（t＝4.049、5.393，P〈0.05或P〈0.01）；4HPR-LM＋超声组总凋亡细胞百分比明显高于4HPR-L组（t＝3.371，P〈0.01）。（4）4HPR组G2/M期细胞百分比高于对照组，但差异无统计学意义（t＝2.107，P〉0.05）；4HPR-L组G2/M期细胞百分比明显高于4HPR组和对照组（t＝18.169、30.026，P〈0.01）；4HPR-LM＋超声组G2/M期细胞百分比明显高于4HPR-L组、4HPR组和对照组（t＝4.932、25.854、66.231，P〈0.01）。结论4HPR可抑制人瘢痕疙瘩Fb增殖、诱导细胞凋亡及发生G2/M期阻滞，且4HPR-LM联合超声的作用效果优于4HPR-L和游离4HPR。
文摘为了评价杀虫剂对七星瓢虫的毒性风险,采用药膜法测定了7%甲维·氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂对七星瓢虫的室内毒性效应,设置0.606,0.909,1.36,2.05,3.08,4.62 g a.i.·hm^(-2)6个浓度处理,以去离子水和丙酮处理为对照,监测七星瓢虫死亡数、羽化数和化蛹数指标。结果表明,7%甲维·氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂对七星瓢虫第9~15天的半致死剂量(LR_(50))均为1.588 g a.i.·hm^(-2),毒力回归方程为Y=3.037X-0.610;溶剂(丙酮)对照的七星瓢虫幼虫全部化蛹,空白对照(去离子水)幼虫化蛹9.7头,随着7%甲维·氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂处理浓度的增加,化蛹数逐渐下降,从8.7头降低到0.3头,化蛹的幼虫100%完成羽化。该结果为7%甲维·氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂的合理使用提供了参考数据。
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （31270443） and the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province （LY13C030004）. Acknowledgements： We would like to thank Fang LIU and Dan WU for their assistance with the experiments.
文摘We studied acute and joint toxicity of three different agrochemicals （chlorantraniliprole, flubendiamide-abamectin and penoxsulam） to Chinese tiger frog （Hoplobatrachus chinensis） tadpoles with the method of stability water tests. Results showed that the three agrochemicals increased tadpole mortality. For acute toxicity, the LC50 values after 24, 48 and 72 h of chlorantraniliprole, flubendiamide-abamectin and penoxsulam exposure were 5.37, 4.90 and 4.68 mg/L; 0.035, 0.025 and 0.021 rag/L; 1.74, 1.45 and 1.29 mg/L, respectively. The safety concentrations （SC） of chlorantraniliprole, fiubendiamide-abamectin and penoxsulam to the tadpoles were 1.23, 0.30 and 0.003 mg/L, respectively. Based on these findings, chlorantraniliprole and penoxsulam were moderately toxic, while flubendiamide-abamectin was highly toxic. All pairwise joint toxicity tests showed moderate toxicity. The LCs0 values after 24, 48 and 72 h of exposure were 7.08, 6.61 and 6.03 mg/L for chlorantra- niliprole＋penoxsulam, with corresponding values of 2.455, 2.328 and 2.183 mg/L for chlorantraniliprole＋flubendiamide-abamectin, and 1.132, 1.084 and 1.050 mg/L for penoxsulam＋flubendiamide-abamectin, with safe concentrations of 1.73, 0.63 and 0.30 mg/L, respectively. For toxic evaluations of pairwise combinations of the three agrochemicals, only the joint toxicity of chlorantraniliprole and flubendiamide-abamectin after 24 h was found to be synergistic, whereas all other tests were antagonistic. Our findings provide valuable information on the toxic effects of agrochemicals on amphibians and how various types of agrochemicals can be reasonably used in agricultural areas.
文摘Cold plasma techniques were used to treat the surface of Kevlar-49 fibers. The dynamic parameters of wetting, contact-angles and surface energy of the fiber before and alter the treatment were compared to see the changes in the wetting property. ESCA and electron spin resonance were utilized to examine the chemical composition and the attached free radicals of the fiber surface. The results, together with changes in the magnitude of the contact-angle and the number of free radicals with time after the plasma treatment do not show any ageing effect. Single filament test revealed that the tensile strength was not impaired but even improved somewhat after the plasma treatment. The experiment shows that the interlaminar shear strength of Kevlar fiber reinforced epoxy resin compo- site is increased for more than 60％% after the treatment.
基金Supported by Notice on the First Batch of National Modern Agricultural Demonstration Zone by the Ministry of Agriculture(Agricultural Project No.[2010]22)
文摘In this paper, the first generation and second generation of Chilo suppressalis Walker were conducted as the test objects to investigate control of a new pesticide(chlorantraniliprole) with preparation of chlorantraniliprole 20% SC,abamectin 1.8% EC and chlorpyrifos 40% EC to Chilo suppressalis Walker. The results showed that chlorantraniliprole 20% SC, abamectin 1.8% EC and chlorpyrifos40% EC had effective control to Chilo suppressalis Walker for its excellent control efficacy and long persistence period. Seedling protection efficacies were between84.2%-100%, 90.1% and 92.1%, and insecticidal efficacies were between 84.6%-100%,90.7% and 93.8% 36 days after application of chlorantraniliprole 20% SC in treatments with abamectin 1.8% EC and chlorpyrifos 40% EC for first generation Chilo suppressalis Walker control. The dead panicles were between 0.2%-1.4%, 0.8%and 0.7%, pest plant rate control in 0.4%-2.2%, 1.1% and 0.9%, and the rates of damaged rice plants were between 82.4%-97.6%, 90.2%-91.2% and 91.4%-92.8%,30 days after application of chlorantraniliprole 20% SC, abamectin 1.8% EC and chlorpyrifos 40% EC for the second generation Chilo suppressalis Walker control. It can effectively protect seedlings, protect spike, increase grain number and grain weight, which promoting the increase production income effect. The real estate increased by 9.7%-12.3%, 10.9% and 11.2% than water treatment(CK) with a very significant level, while the incomes were higher than 1 719.19-1 998.22, 1 956.52 and 2 057.83 yuan.
基金Supported by Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund Project of Hunan Province(2023CX98)Hunan Vegetable Industry Technology System(HARS-04)Fund for Innovation and Entrepreneurship of Technological Enterprises in Yueyang City(2023081700020)。
文摘Spodoptera litura is the most threatening pest in lotus production,seriously affecting the lotus yield and quality.Emamectin benzoate and chlorantraniliprole,the main insecticides for controlling S.litura on vegetables,are widely used by farmers to control S.litura on lotus plants.To determine the application concentrations,control effects,and safety of the two insecticides in lotus fields,indoor experiments were conducted to determine the control effects of 200 g/L chlorantraniliprole(SC)and 5%emamectin benzoate(WDG),and the residues of the two insecticides in the water,lotus leaves,and lotus seeds after field application were determined by HPLC-MS/MS.The indoor experiment results showed that chlorantraniliprole and emamectin benzoate both had good control effects on S.litura,with the median lethal concentrations(LC50)of 17.700 and 1.694 mg/L,respectively.After unmanned aerial vehicle spraying of emamectin benzoate at 20 g/667m^(2),there was no residue of emamectin benzoate in the water or lotus leaves after 5 d.After spraying of chlorantraniliprole at 20 mL/667m^(2),the residual amounts in the water and lotus leaves after 9 d were 0.005 and 0.007 mg/L,respectively.No residue of the two insecticides was detected in lotus seeds(dry and fresh)2 h after spraying.Therefore,it was recommended that chlorantraniliprole and emamectin benzoate can be used to control S.litura in lotus fields during the growth period,while attention should be paid to the application interval for safety.Considering the safe harvesting of lotus seeds and leaves,it was recommended that the preharvest intervals of chlorantraniliprole and 5%emamectin benzoate should be 9 d.
