基于维纳解卷积技术的数字放射成像系统的过采样调制传递函数测量新方法（英文）

本文针对数字放射系统的调制传递函数测量问题,提出一种基于维纳解卷积方法,从倾斜刀口图像中测量过采样调制传递函数的新方法。首先根据实际数字放射系统特性,模拟给定调制传递函数下倾斜刀口带噪图像,并获取对应的经过系统恶化后的过采样边界扩散函数,而后依据该边界扩散函数的中心边界位置,构建无恶化效应的理想边界扩散函数。为了满足傅里叶变换的绝对可积条件,对上述两类边界扩散函数进行镜像操作,构成偶对称模式的边界扩散函数。基于维纳解卷积,在已知理想边界扩散函数对称模式,并考虑系统噪声影响,可以从恶化过采样边界扩散函数的对称模式中获取过采样线扩散函数。该过采样线扩散函数的傅里叶归一化幅度即为系统的调制传递函数。本文同时给出了维纳参数值以及对称模式下边界响应函数宽度对解卷积结果准确性的影响。结果表明,针对倾斜刀口图像,基于本文提出的维纳解卷积方法可以有效的测量过采样调制传递函数。

远方保护信号接收低频化技术的理论分析与应用

针对电力系统继电保护中接收较高频远方保护信号这一课题 ,通过理论推导 ,证明了在精度有限的实际系统中 ,低频化处理的优越性。根据理论分析结果 ,提出了将信号插入低频段后进行自适应滤波的技术方案 ,并与在较高频直接进行自适应滤波的方案进行性能比较。计算机仿真和实际的硬件实验均说明 ,使用低频化方案 ,可接收更多的单频信号 ,信号的接收范围可扩大 2 5倍 ,允许的发信频率误差也提高约 1倍。

自适应陷波器实际性能的理论分析及其在继电保护信号接收中的应用

首先通过理论分析发现了在精度有限的实际系统中影响自适应陷波器性能的因素，证明了将信号通过下变频，进行低频化处理的优越性．据此提出了将信号插入低频段后进行自适应陷波的低频化方案，并与在较高频直接进行自适应陷波的方案进行性能比较．计算机仿真和实际的硬件实验均说明，使用低频化方案可降低对芯片的速度要求，接收信号的幅度范围则扩大２５倍，允许的发信频率误差也提高约一倍．

火箭发动机装药包覆层厚度信号处理技术研究

用超声测量火箭发动机装药包覆层厚度时,当包覆层较薄时检测回波信号会出现时域混叠。基于时域混叠信号的特点,提出了一种时间延迟估计的新方法。该方法用维纳解卷积消除了检测始波对时间延迟估计的影响,并对剩余信号进行了三次能量倒谱分析,准确直观地估计出了信号延迟时间。该方法已在开发的超声探伤系统中得到了验证。实验结果表明,该方法能准确估计出时域混叠信号的延迟时间,提高了火箭发动机装药包覆层厚度的测量精度。

基于高斯白噪声训练的转发式干扰机自干扰对消技术

为了解决转发式干扰机信号自干扰的问题,提出了一种基于高斯白噪声的训练方法,利用高斯白噪声的宽频带特性,对适用于此信道的滤波器系数进行估计。首先,对高斯白噪声的维纳解进行阐述和分析,通过分析可知利用具有一定带宽的高斯白噪声求出的维纳解同样适用于经过相同信道的自干扰信号;其次,用此方法设计了一套训练模式和工作模式的干扰机系统;最后,对其进行FPGA实现,并采用了不同干扰样式进行实验。根据仿真和实验结果表明,此套方案可以解决自干扰信号和侦察信号叠加时,相干性太强而导致的误消除问题。

Synthesis of one-dimensional carbon nanostructures and their application as anode materials in lithium ion batteries

An efficient synthesis of carbon nanofibers by pyrolysis of as-prepared polypyrrole nanowires was reported. Under the subsequent KOH activation, a significant morphology variation was detected and the obtained sample took on a ribbon-like structure. The morphology and structure of the carbon nanofibers and carbon nanoribbons were characterized. When the as-prepared one-dimensional carbon nanostructures were used as anode materials in lithium ion batteries, both of them exhibited superior cyclical stability and good rate properties. After 50 cycles, the reversible capacity of carbon nanofibers electrode maintained 530 mA·h/g. Concerning carbon nanoribbons, the reversible capacity is always larger than 850 mA·h/g and the reversible capacity retention after 23 cycles is 86%.

挖掘理想重建图像自相似性的超分辨率

为了解决图像超分辨率过程中训练步骤对海量数据的过于依赖、先验泛化能力不强等问题,进一步提高重建图像的质量,提出了一种新的图像超分辨率算法.首先对图像自相似性理论进行扩展,指出理想重建图像自相似性表现极为强烈,而受降质因素干扰的重建图像自相似性则会明显减弱.本文将这一规律视为先验,通过构建联合高斯混合模型对其进行描述,这使得每个重建图像片的自相似性都能够用一个特定的高斯分布进行刻画,最后算法以迭代的方式分片重建整幅高分辨率图像.在为每个高分辨率图像片建模的过程中,为了使训练样本具有较强的一致性,仅使用输入图像中与其空间位置相近的图像片进行训练.该算法避开了易于引入误差的最近邻域查找步骤,且成本函数存在解析解.实验表明该算法重建图像清晰、自然,重建结果中的显著边缘和纹理结构都得到了有效保持,正确的高频信息得到了明显恢复.在将BSD500部分数据集放大3倍的实验中,本文算法的PSNR平均值高于MMPM算法0.529 db,SSIM平均值高于MMPM算法0.030.

Emmanuel Levinas： Hermeneutics, Ethics, and Art

This article draws attention to the subject of art in Levinas＇s thinking through consideration of his philosophical language, which is aided by images, metaphors, and idioms of art. The primary image that will accompany our discussion throughout this article is the image of art as shadow, which Levinas incorporates into the title of the essay which he devotes to the subject of art： ＂Reality and Its Shadow＂. Thinking about art from the perspective of Levinas means thinking about image and essence, about which is visible before us and which we cannot see, and about the different ways in which art can express itself. Levinas＇s theory of interpretation is grounded in and guided by the field of ethics and addresses the ethical aspects of interpretation. Levinas approaches the discourse of interpretation not out of na＇ivet6 but rather based on a deep understanding of the field of hermeneutics, with all its shortcomings and challenges. Thinking of hermeneutics from an ethical perspective is no mere addition to the discussion but the very crux of the matter. An attempt to understand interpretation as an act of exposing the truth encounters serious philosophical and logical difficulties, whether we are seeking to discover the intention of the artist, the intent of a specific work of art, or a hidden form within the work itself. The engagement with Levinas＇s theory of hermeneutics, however, raises a different question which is the focus of this article： Can Levinas＇s theory of interpretation be applied to the realm of artistic creation, and if so, how？ This question is sharpened by the difficulties that Levinas himself poses to his readers by designating art as the ＂shadow＂ of reality and drawing attention to the egoistic dimension of the artistic act.

Hydrogen producing water treatment through mesoporous TiO2 nanofibers with oriented nanocrystals

The development of well-defined TiO2 nanoarchitectures is a versatile strategy to achieve high-efficiency photocatalytic performance.In this study,mesoporous TiO2 nanofibers consisting of oriented nanocrystals were fabricated by a facile vapothermal-assisted topochemical transformation of preformed H-titanate nanobelts.The vapothermal temperature is crucial in tuning the microstructures and photocatalytic redox properties of the resulting mesoporous TiO2 nanofibers.The microstructures were characterized with XRD,TEM,XPS and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms,etc.The photocatalytic activities were evaluated by photocatalytic oxidation of organic pollutant(Rhodamine B as an example)as well as photocatalytic reduction of water to generate hydrogen(H2).The nanofibers vapothermally treated at 150°C showed the highest photocatalytic activity in both oxidation and reduction reactions,2 times higher than that of P25.The oriented alignment and suitable mesoporosity in the resulting nanofiber architecture were crucial for enhancing photocatalytic performances.The oriented alignment of anisotropic anatase nanocrystals shall facilitate faster vectorial charge transportation along the nanofibers architecture.And,the suitable mesoporosity and high surface area would also effectively enhance the mass exchange during photocatalytic reactions.We also demonstrate that efficient energy-recovering photocatalytic water treatments could be accomplished by a cascading oxic-anoxic process where the dye is degraded in the oxic phase and hydrogen is generated in the successive anoxic phase.This study showcases a novel and facile method to fabricate mesoporous TiO2 nanofibers with high photocatalytic activity for both clean energy production and environmental purification.

Green Modification of Cellulose Nanocrystals and Their Reinforcement in Nanocomposites of Polylactic Acid

Cellulose nanocrystals （CNCs） of rod-like shape were prepared from degreased cotton using sulfuric acid hydrolysis. The obtained CNC suspension was neutralized using a sodium hydroxide solution to remove the residual sulfuric acid and improve the thermal stability of the CNC particles. Then, poly（ethylene oxide） （PEO） was employed to modify the nanocrystals through entanglement and physical adsorption. The goal was to further improve the thermal stability and weaken the hydrophilicity of CNCs. Original and modifed CNCs were dosed into a polylactic acid （PLA） matrix to prepare nanocomposites using a hot compression process. Results of the thermogravimetric analysis showed that the initial thermal decomposition temperature of the modifed CNCs showed a 120℃ improvement compared to the original CNCs. That is, the thermal stability of the modified CNCs improved because of their shielding and wrapping by a PEO layer on their surface. Results from scanning electron microscopy and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry showed that the compatibility of the modifed CNCs with organic PLA improved, which was attributed to the compatibility of the PEO chains adsorbed on the surface of the CNCs. Finally, the results of tensile tests indicated a significant improvement in terms of breaking strength and elongation at the break point.

Residual life estimation based on bivariate Wiener degradation process with measurement errors

An adaptive method of residual life estimation for deteriorated products with two performance characteristics (PCs) was proposed, which was sharply different from existing work that only utilized one-dimensional degradation data. Once new degradation information was available, the residual life of the product being monitored could be estimated in an adaptive manner. Here, it was assumed that the degradation of each PC over time was governed by a Wiener degradation process and the dependency between them was characterized by the Frank copula function. A bivariate Wiener process model with measurement errors was used to model the degradation measurements. A two-stage method and the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method were combined to estimate the unknown parameters in sequence. Results from a numerical example about fatigue cracks show that the proposed method is valid as the relative error is small.

Application of spectral decomposition technology in shallow gas detection based on Wigner-Ville distribution

Shallow gas is composed of all kinds of shallow buried natural gas resources( < 1500 m) with relatively small reserve for each gas resource. It has some advantages such as shallow burial depth,good physical properties and the huge accumulations. Based on the Wigner-Vill distribution,a general spectral decomposition method is applied in the shallow gas detection. Cone-shaped kernel function filtering method is used to suppress cross-terms of the Wigner-Ville distribution,which is tested on field seismic data. Because of shallow gas reservoir has a characteristic that low frequency energy is stronger and high frequency energy is weaker,it indicates the presence of shallow gas successfully.

GLOBAL SOLUTIONS FOR SOME OLDROYD MODELS OF NON-NEWTONIAN FLOWS

The authors consider here some Oldroyd models of non-Newtonian flows consisting of a strong coupling between incompressible Navier-Stokes equations and some transport equations. It is proved that there exist global weak solutions for general initial conditions. The existence proof relies upon showing the propagation in time of the compactness of solutions.

Temperature-controlled synthesis of heterostructured Ru-Ru_(2)P nanoparticles embedded in carbon nanofibers for highly efficient hydrogen production

Developing highly efficient,cost-effective,and stable electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)is of considerable importance but remains challenging.Herein,we report the fabrication of a robust Ru-based electrocatalyst,which comprises heterostructured Ru-Ru_(2)P nanoparticles that are embedded in the N,P-codoped carbon nanofibers(CNFs),through a synthetic strategy involving electrospinning and temperature-controlled pyrolysis treatment.The as-prepared Ru-Ru_(2)P catalyst(Ru-Ru_(2)P@CNFs)shows excellent HER catalytic activities with low overpotentials of 11 and 14 mV in acidic and alkaline media,respectively,to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm^(−2),which are superior to the individual components of pure Ru and Ru_(2)P catalysts.Density functional theory calculations demonstrate the existence of electronic coupling effect between Ru and Ru_(2)P at the heterointerfaces,leading to a well-modulated electronic structure with optimized hydrogen adsorption strength and enhanced electrical conductivity for efficient HER electrocatalysis.In addition,the overall synthetic strategy can be generalized for the synthesis of a series of transitional metal phosphide-based nanofibers,thereby holding a remarkable capacity for various potential applications.