The problem of optimal synthesis of an integrated water system is addressed in this study, where water using processes and water treatment operations are combined into a single network such that the total cost of fres...The problem of optimal synthesis of an integrated water system is addressed in this study, where water using processes and water treatment operations are combined into a single network such that the total cost of fresh water and wastewater treatment is globally minimized. A superstructure that incorporates all feasible design alterna- tives for wastewater treatment, reuse and recycle, is synthesized with a non-linear programming model. An evolutionary approach--an improved particle swarm optimization is proposed for optimizing such systems. Two simple examples are .Presented.to illustrate the global op.timization of inte.grated water networks using the proposed algorithm.展开更多
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastro-intestinal (GI) disorder that considerably reduces the quality of life. It further represents an economic burden on society due to the high consumption of healthcare r...Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastro-intestinal (GI) disorder that considerably reduces the quality of life. It further represents an economic burden on society due to the high consumption of healthcare resources and the non-productivity of IBS patients. The diagnosis of IBS is based on symptom assessment and the Rome Ⅲ criteria. A combination of the Rome Ⅲ criteria, a physical examination, blood tests, gastros-copy and colonoscopy with biopsies is believed to be necessary for diagnosis. Duodenal chromogranin A cell density is a promising biomarker for the diagnosis of IBS. The pathogenesis of IBS seems to be multifactorial, with the following factors playing a central role in the pathogenesis of IBS:heritability and genetics, dietary/intestinal microbiota, low-grade inflammation, and disturbances in the neuroendocrine system (NES) of the gut. One hypothesis proposes that the cause of IBS is an altered NES, which would cause abnormal GI motility, secretions and sensation. All of these abnormalities are characteristic of IBS. Alterations in the NES could be the result of one or more of the following:genetic factors, dietary intake, intestinal flora, or lowgrade inflammation. Post-infectious IBS (PI-IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease-associated IBS (IBD-IBS) represent a considerable subset of IBS cases. Patients with PI-and IBD-IBS exhibit low-grade mucosal inflammation, as well as abnormalities in the NES of the gut.展开更多
We propose a scheme for the generation of two collections of atoms trapped in distant cavities connected by an optical fiber.The virtual photon exchange leads to the entanglement between these two atomic ensembles.Dur...We propose a scheme for the generation of two collections of atoms trapped in distant cavities connected by an optical fiber.The virtual photon exchange leads to the entanglement between these two atomic ensembles.During the operation the atomic system,cavity modes,and fiber are not excited,which is important in view of decoherence.展开更多
Gut and oral microflora are important factors in the pathogenesis and development of rheumatoid arthritis （RA）. Recent studies have shown that probiotic supplements have beneficial consequences on experimental arthr...Gut and oral microflora are important factors in the pathogenesis and development of rheumatoid arthritis （RA）. Recent studies have shown that probiotic supplements have beneficial consequences on experimental arthritis in rats. However, results from randomized clinical trials on the effects of probi- otics have not been consistent. The aim of this study was to systematically review the existing evidence for the effects of probiotic intervention in RA. We included randomized controlled trials （RCTs） of RA patients receiving stable treatment with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs （DMARDs） that： ①were combined with additional probiotic supplements or ② were combined with either no additional supplements or only a placebo treatment. Statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3.3. Six randomized clinical trials were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis, with 249 participants in total. The results showed that the probiotic intervention treatment has not yet achieved significant improvement in the American College of Rheumatology 20% improvement criteria （ACR20） score and the disease activity score in 28 joints （DAS28）. The laboratory index C-reactive protein （CRP） （mg.L-1） was significantly reduced in the intervention group. The expression of inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-a and interleukine （IL）-ll] was also significantly reduced, while IL-10 expression increased in the probiotic intervention groups. This article is the first systematic review and meta-analysis providing a comprehensive assessment of the benefits of treating RA with probiotics. We found that probiotic supplementation may show a limited improvement in RA therapy in existing reports because of a lack of sufficiently high-quality work on the part of clinicians. More multi-centered, large-sample RCTs are needed in order to evaluate the benefits of probiotics in RA treatment.展开更多
Background:Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is a chronic functional bowel disorder characterized by abdominal pain and altered bowel function.The TongXieYaoFang(TXYF)is a Chinese herbal formula with a long history for the...Background:Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is a chronic functional bowel disorder characterized by abdominal pain and altered bowel function.The TongXieYaoFang(TXYF)is a Chinese herbal formula with a long history for the management of chronic diarrhea accompanied by abdominal pain,and it is always used to relieve symptoms of IBS.Although there are some studies were published,there is no consensus on its effects.Moreover,new relevant study was published recently.Therefore,a systematic review and meta-analysis is needed to assess the safety and eff ectiveness of the Chinese herbal medicine TongXieYaoFang for IBS.Methods and analysis:PubMed,EMBASE,the Cochrane library,CNKI,WanFang,VIP and CBM databases will be searched without search date and language restrictions.We will include randomized controlled trial(RCT)comparing TXYF with another therapy method for IBS.The quality of included studies will be independently assessed using Risk of bias tool in the Cochrane Handbook 5.1.0,and be categorized as being at low,unclear or high risk of bias.The primary outcome is the disappearance and significant improvement in global symptoms,and the secondary outcomes including visual analog scale(VAS)score,adverse event,rehospitalization rate and the quality of life.The Meta-analysis will be performed using the Cochrane Collection’s tool RevMan 5.3 software.Results:This study is ongoing and will be submitted to a peerreviewed journal for publication.Conclusion:This study will provide a confirmed evidence on the safety and eff ectiveness of TXYF for IBS.Ethics and dissemination:Ethical approval and patient consent are not required because of the study is a systematic review and meta-analysis based on literatures.The results of this study will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for publication.展开更多
The implementation of Integrated Management System （IMS） of the quality management and safety is aiming to provide production of biscuit products corresponding to particular specification and client＇s requirements....The implementation of Integrated Management System （IMS） of the quality management and safety is aiming to provide production of biscuit products corresponding to particular specification and client＇s requirements. This paper explores the possibilities of achieving stable sensory and microbiological parameters of the biscuits, through the implementation of IMS. An analysis was carried out of the factors affecting the achievement of stable quality. The achievement of the stability of the parameters of 150 different lots of biscuits has been measured before, during and after the implementation of IMS in the manufacturing company The performed water activity analysis and sensory analysis confirmed that despite the dynamic changes in the internal and external environments as well as the significant changes in the requirements of the standards and the legislation, the implemented IMS has allowed the maintenance of the stable quality and safety of the biscuit products.展开更多
Based on comprehensive analysis of the impact of population aging to social and economic development,a comprehensive evaluation system including 18 indexes was constructed for evaluating regional pressure of populatio...Based on comprehensive analysis of the impact of population aging to social and economic development,a comprehensive evaluation system including 18 indexes was constructed for evaluating regional pressure of population aging on social and economic development.Using statistics data of 31 regions in China from 2004 to 2008,the pressure of population aging on social and economic development,was comprehensively evaluated by using the factor analysis method.The spatial distribution of population aging in China was also analyzed.This study is to provide scientific basis for government to make strategies of coping with population aging according to regional pressure of population aging on social and economic development in China.展开更多
On the basis of applying quantitative and qualitative approaches as well as GIS technology, this paper established an index system to make a comprehensive evaluation on socio-economic development of minority areas in ...On the basis of applying quantitative and qualitative approaches as well as GIS technology, this paper established an index system to make a comprehensive evaluation on socio-economic development of minority areas in China. The result showed that socio-economic development in minority area presents a series of characteristics that the north is high and the south is low, center-margin pattern is obvious and the areas with middle and lower development indices are distributed centrally and continuously. However, the causes of the socio-economic characteristics mainly include natural conditions, economic development basic, population cultural quality, re-gional combination and development conditions of mineral and energy resources, informal institutional factors and distribution of major traffic lines..展开更多
基金Supported by Tianjin Municipal Science Foundation （No. 07JCZDJC 02500）
文摘The problem of optimal synthesis of an integrated water system is addressed in this study, where water using processes and water treatment operations are combined into a single network such that the total cost of fresh water and wastewater treatment is globally minimized. A superstructure that incorporates all feasible design alterna- tives for wastewater treatment, reuse and recycle, is synthesized with a non-linear programming model. An evolutionary approach--an improved particle swarm optimization is proposed for optimizing such systems. Two simple examples are .Presented.to illustrate the global op.timization of inte.grated water networks using the proposed algorithm.
文摘Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastro-intestinal (GI) disorder that considerably reduces the quality of life. It further represents an economic burden on society due to the high consumption of healthcare resources and the non-productivity of IBS patients. The diagnosis of IBS is based on symptom assessment and the Rome Ⅲ criteria. A combination of the Rome Ⅲ criteria, a physical examination, blood tests, gastros-copy and colonoscopy with biopsies is believed to be necessary for diagnosis. Duodenal chromogranin A cell density is a promising biomarker for the diagnosis of IBS. The pathogenesis of IBS seems to be multifactorial, with the following factors playing a central role in the pathogenesis of IBS:heritability and genetics, dietary/intestinal microbiota, low-grade inflammation, and disturbances in the neuroendocrine system (NES) of the gut. One hypothesis proposes that the cause of IBS is an altered NES, which would cause abnormal GI motility, secretions and sensation. All of these abnormalities are characteristic of IBS. Alterations in the NES could be the result of one or more of the following:genetic factors, dietary intake, intestinal flora, or lowgrade inflammation. Post-infectious IBS (PI-IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease-associated IBS (IBD-IBS) represent a considerable subset of IBS cases. Patients with PI-and IBD-IBS exhibit low-grade mucosal inflammation, as well as abnormalities in the NES of the gut.
基金Supported by the Doctoral Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China under Grant No.20093514110009
文摘We propose a scheme for the generation of two collections of atoms trapped in distant cavities connected by an optical fiber.The virtual photon exchange leads to the entanglement between these two atomic ensembles.During the operation the atomic system,cavity modes,and fiber are not excited,which is important in view of decoherence.
文摘Gut and oral microflora are important factors in the pathogenesis and development of rheumatoid arthritis （RA）. Recent studies have shown that probiotic supplements have beneficial consequences on experimental arthritis in rats. However, results from randomized clinical trials on the effects of probi- otics have not been consistent. The aim of this study was to systematically review the existing evidence for the effects of probiotic intervention in RA. We included randomized controlled trials （RCTs） of RA patients receiving stable treatment with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs （DMARDs） that： ①were combined with additional probiotic supplements or ② were combined with either no additional supplements or only a placebo treatment. Statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3.3. Six randomized clinical trials were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis, with 249 participants in total. The results showed that the probiotic intervention treatment has not yet achieved significant improvement in the American College of Rheumatology 20% improvement criteria （ACR20） score and the disease activity score in 28 joints （DAS28）. The laboratory index C-reactive protein （CRP） （mg.L-1） was significantly reduced in the intervention group. The expression of inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-a and interleukine （IL）-ll] was also significantly reduced, while IL-10 expression increased in the probiotic intervention groups. This article is the first systematic review and meta-analysis providing a comprehensive assessment of the benefits of treating RA with probiotics. We found that probiotic supplementation may show a limited improvement in RA therapy in existing reports because of a lack of sufficiently high-quality work on the part of clinicians. More multi-centered, large-sample RCTs are needed in order to evaluate the benefits of probiotics in RA treatment.
文摘Background:Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is a chronic functional bowel disorder characterized by abdominal pain and altered bowel function.The TongXieYaoFang(TXYF)is a Chinese herbal formula with a long history for the management of chronic diarrhea accompanied by abdominal pain,and it is always used to relieve symptoms of IBS.Although there are some studies were published,there is no consensus on its effects.Moreover,new relevant study was published recently.Therefore,a systematic review and meta-analysis is needed to assess the safety and eff ectiveness of the Chinese herbal medicine TongXieYaoFang for IBS.Methods and analysis:PubMed,EMBASE,the Cochrane library,CNKI,WanFang,VIP and CBM databases will be searched without search date and language restrictions.We will include randomized controlled trial(RCT)comparing TXYF with another therapy method for IBS.The quality of included studies will be independently assessed using Risk of bias tool in the Cochrane Handbook 5.1.0,and be categorized as being at low,unclear or high risk of bias.The primary outcome is the disappearance and significant improvement in global symptoms,and the secondary outcomes including visual analog scale(VAS)score,adverse event,rehospitalization rate and the quality of life.The Meta-analysis will be performed using the Cochrane Collection’s tool RevMan 5.3 software.Results:This study is ongoing and will be submitted to a peerreviewed journal for publication.Conclusion:This study will provide a confirmed evidence on the safety and eff ectiveness of TXYF for IBS.Ethics and dissemination:Ethical approval and patient consent are not required because of the study is a systematic review and meta-analysis based on literatures.The results of this study will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for publication.
文摘The implementation of Integrated Management System （IMS） of the quality management and safety is aiming to provide production of biscuit products corresponding to particular specification and client＇s requirements. This paper explores the possibilities of achieving stable sensory and microbiological parameters of the biscuits, through the implementation of IMS. An analysis was carried out of the factors affecting the achievement of stable quality. The achievement of the stability of the parameters of 150 different lots of biscuits has been measured before, during and after the implementation of IMS in the manufacturing company The performed water activity analysis and sensory analysis confirmed that despite the dynamic changes in the internal and external environments as well as the significant changes in the requirements of the standards and the legislation, the implemented IMS has allowed the maintenance of the stable quality and safety of the biscuit products.
基金supported by a grant from the Major Programs of Fundamental Special Work of National Science and Technology (Grand No.2007FY110300),which comes from Ministryof Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China
文摘Based on comprehensive analysis of the impact of population aging to social and economic development,a comprehensive evaluation system including 18 indexes was constructed for evaluating regional pressure of population aging on social and economic development.Using statistics data of 31 regions in China from 2004 to 2008,the pressure of population aging on social and economic development,was comprehensively evaluated by using the factor analysis method.The spatial distribution of population aging in China was also analyzed.This study is to provide scientific basis for government to make strategies of coping with population aging according to regional pressure of population aging on social and economic development in China.
基金supported by the second innovation base project of philosophy and social science of 985 Engineering of the Central University for Nationalities (Grant No. CUN-985-3)
文摘On the basis of applying quantitative and qualitative approaches as well as GIS technology, this paper established an index system to make a comprehensive evaluation on socio-economic development of minority areas in China. The result showed that socio-economic development in minority area presents a series of characteristics that the north is high and the south is low, center-margin pattern is obvious and the areas with middle and lower development indices are distributed centrally and continuously. However, the causes of the socio-economic characteristics mainly include natural conditions, economic development basic, population cultural quality, re-gional combination and development conditions of mineral and energy resources, informal institutional factors and distribution of major traffic lines..
