基于太湖流域跨界断面的跨界水环境综合管理区及控制单元划分研究

基于太湖流域管理局明确的苏浙沪31个跨界断面2009年7月—2012年12月的长序列野外水文、水质监测,以太湖流域苏浙沪三省跨界区域为研究主体,利用一维稳态水环境数学模型和水质影响权重模型,通过对三省交界嘉善县的重点研究确定对跨界断面水质影响占60%~70%的污染负荷所在区域的跨界水环境综合管理区的基本研究单位为县（市）,依据基本研究单位划分得到太湖流域跨界水环境综合管理区面积为7 097 km2,其尺度与美国的水文四级分区一致。基于跨界河流流向及水系完整性特点,进一步将太湖流域跨界水环境综合管理区划分成4个控制单元,划分的控制单元尺度类似于美国宏观尺度的五级分区,是跨界区域水污染控制的基本单元.

Ⅱ类应急避难场所功能分区设计——以华东师范大学第四附属中学为例

健全的城市应急避难场所已经成为一个城市基础建设设施完善的指标之一。Ⅱ类应急避难场所具有覆盖广,数量多,渗透深的特点。Ⅱ类应急避难场所在建筑设计领域主要涉及功能场所的分区设计。华东师范大学第四附属中学交通便捷,满足可增加配置物资储备及指挥通讯系统的要求,亦可利用周边公共服务设施,通过合理的功能分区设计能够使该校实现因地制宜、平灾结合、综合利用,使其成为安全可靠的Ⅱ类应急避难场所。

Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Flow and Solute Transport for the Northern Batinah Area, Oman

The northern Batinah occupies approximately 12,150 km2 in the north of Oman Quaternary deposits and Neogene＇s upper Fats form the aquifer units. MODFLOW compatible MT3D was used for simulation development of the area. It can be concluded that： （1） The groundwater in the Batinah area generally flows from the south-west to the gulf of Oman in the north-east; （2） Recharge takes place through direct recharge from rainfall and wadi flow by about 902 ×10^3 ma/day; （3） The hydraulic conductivity attains a relatively wide range between 0.02 m/day and 78 m/day and 0.02 m/day and 60 m/day for the Quaternary and Fars respectively; （4） There is probably less potential for groundwater abstraction in the northern part of the area; （5） The water level decreased by about 6 m over 24 years and （6） The increase of salinity most likely due to a contribution of sea water intrusion from the gulf along the coast. It is recommended that： （1） automatic well control system should be installed to accurate measurements of abstraction; （2） further analysis under different future scenarios should be made and （3） formulate an integrated management plan for the basin.

Participatory and integrated watershed management and community based organgzanon

In Iran, and in order to encourage local watershed management, community based organizations （CBO） like ＂cooperatives of watershed＂, ＂construction groups＂ and ＂watershed management groups＂ have been established to obtain resident＇s cooperation in activities eormeeted with protection, reclamation and exploitation of natural resources in the basins that lead to sustainability within watershed management. This study was done as a ease study to explore the role of Remeleh Group （RG） as a CBO in the management of the ＂Kharkheh＂ sub-basin. Participatory action and learning method was used. Participatory tools including natural resources mapping, flow diagram, transect walk, semi-structured interview and brainstorming were applied. Making the conclusion, it was found that the CBO of Remeleh Group cause： （1） Enhancement of social capital through encouraging cooperation and participatory practices, creating new communication among local residents and outsiders, reducing conflicts and promoting the solidarity among communities in the sub basin of Karldaeh; （2） Sustain livelihood and economic situation through agricultural intensification and livelihood diversification （gardening and agriculture together and reducing migration）; （3） Conservation of environmental and natural recourses via the implementation of watershed activities like vine, terracing, bunding and destocking, seedling, and check dams; （4） Empower local people through carrying out training on the watershed practices.

An Integrated Coastal Zone Management （ICZM） Project： CoastLearn in Black Sea （CLBS）

The importance attached to the need for sustainable development in the coastal areas is increasing. A management plan is required to minimize the environmental destruction resulting from the complexity of the property in coastal areas, of human activities and of natural systems and to utilize the coastal resources effectively. The utilization of coasts, besides becoming very important particularly in views of tourism, has faced pressures caused by huge. These areas are mostly self-contradictory demands for the environmental protection. The project is an EU Life Long Learning Programme Project and the project duration is 24 months. The aim of the CoastLearn in Black Sea （CLBS） is to mobilize the human resources in the tourism and coastal management sector in Black Sea in general and notably Sinop, Varna and Constanta by raising awareness among the local decision making mechanisms of the integrated coastal zone management in order to encourage people to utilize the coastal resources in a coherent and balanced way.

Zoning of Far Eastern Seas of Russia for Integrated Nature Management

On the Pacific coast of Russia implementation of the methodology of the integrated nature management has a number of peculiarities. On the one hand, these districts are characterized by severe hydrometeorological conditions. On the other hand, Russia has no applicable legislation on coastal issues. Thus, to prepare informational, theoretical and methodical bases for organization of sustained nature management in coastal zones of the Russian Federation, we developed hierarchy structure of delimitation of coastal areas and recommendations for their development on the basis of nature resource and social-economic zoning. Zoning of the Russian Far East is suggested to include two major directions： （1） planning of sustainable development of the region and （2） solving contradictions between fisheries and productions of oil and gas in the coastal zones.

Water Resource Management and Its Role in Development of Integrated Mountainous Agriculture——A Case from Ningnan County of Sichuan Province

This paper reviewed rainwater collection and water resource management in Ningnan County in southwestern mountain of China,as a case study for solving the problems of water management in a simple and sustainable way. In this mountainous agriculture system,private agricultural enterprises were introduced into local mountain agriculture to solve capital fund shortage for the construction of rainwater harvesting system. Agreement was signed by private agriculture enterprises with the target farmers to subscribe for the household agriculture production at a protection price. Cash invested by the enterprise and subsidy from the government were collected for purchasing materials,while the farmers supplied labors for the construction of water harvesting systems. The system solved the share of input and benefits between the local government,enterprise and household farms successfully. In addition,the micro water harvesting tanks and micro irrigate systems extend quickly in this mountainous county. Up to 2007,more than 12 000 rainwater harvesting tanks had been established and more than 8.5×104 hm2 dry arable land accounting for nearly 75% of the total arable land had been irrigated efficiently. Per capita income of farmer had been increased by 14 times in the past 20 years. Considerable potential for further improvement in implementation of the models for solving water shortage and water resource management in mountain region maybe depend on more local private agriculture enterprises and households than the government.

Analyses of Incidents of Institutional Food Service Practice Management for One Year in the Kitchen of a General Hospital, Chubu Region, Japan

This study aimed to assess the incidence of institutional food service practice management errors in the kitchen of a general hospital, Chubu region, Japan. Clarifying the cause of incidents of institutional food service operation can reduce institutional food service practice management errors. This is the first study to analyze incidents at a general hospital kitchen in Japan in English. Data were collected from incident reports over the course of one year, between October 1, 2011 and November 30, 2012. Forty two reports of incidents whose locations were the kitchen were analyzed, for example, incident dates, incident times, workloads, incident contents, incident causes, accident levels, and the presence or absence of negligence. The frequency of incidents for months, for each third of month, for day of week, for time of day, for workload levels of staff member, and for types of incidents were analyzed using chi-square test following Ryan multiple comparison. The incidents were more likely to occur at the start of the business year, during the 11：00 to 12：59 time blocks, and when staffs were busy. Breakdown of incident contents of＂foreign contamination （hair）＂ was 10 reports （24%）. To prevent incidents, new staff should also be trained to acquire skills to avoid making errors during food preparation, ensuring that there is a clear route for communicating changes in the number of hospitalized patients, and building a system that allows for changes to be made to the number of meals to be served and the content of those meals in an accurate and prompt fashion. Furthermore, work uniform should be changed promptly as such contamination can reportedly be improved by having workers wear a work cap.