宜柳路绿化工程施工技术及质量检验的研究

为使公路建成后绿化工程迅速发挥其应有的效用,针对适合广西公路绿化的植物种类,介绍了宜州-柳州高速公路绿化工程的施工技术及质量检验标准,提出材料、场地、运输、种植、管护以及施工、检验、验收要求,为高速公路建设过程中绿化工程的实施提供实践经验,也可为编制建设项目绿化工程的技术措施及验收标准时提供一定的参考作用。

Study on the Plant Furnishing for Garden Landscaping

With the social development and the improvement of living standards, higher demands have been proposed on dwelling environment, plant furnishing in garden landscaping can not only beautify the environment, satisfy the aesthetic requirements of people, but also generate considerable ecological and social benefits. Based on studying the present situation of garden plant furnishing, problems in garden landscaping were found out, principles for scientific and reasonable plant furnishing were proposed as well as favorable methods and artistic theories, it was also put forward that the ecological, scientific and human-oriented plant furnishing was the orientation of garden landscaping.

Application of Wild Plant Resources of Qin-ba Mountainous Area for Vertical vrescence in Landscape Architecture

Based on introducing wild plant resources of vertical greening in Qin-ba Mountainous area, the application of vertical greening plants of Qin-ba Mountainous area in garden greening were analyzed, the measures of utilization and development were suggested.

Antialgal Activities of Allelochemical Extracts from 3 Terrestrial Plant Species

[Objective] The aim was to study the antialgal activities of allelochemical extracts from three terrestrial plant species.[Method] The allelochemicals were extracted from the leaves of Magnolia grandiflora,Sophora japonica f.pendula and Buxus sinica （Rehd.et Wils.） Cheng by alcohol extraction,n-hexane,ethyl acetate and n-utanol phase.Furthermore antialgal activities of all components were determined.[Result] The active substances of M.grandiflora mainly existed in n-hexane and n-butanol phases.The active substances of S.japonica mainly existed in n-hexane phase,while the active substances of B.sinica mainly existed in ethyl acetate and aqueous phase.All the active substances showed significant antialgal activity （50% inhibition） after culture for 1 d except aqueous phase of B.sinica.In addition,inhibition rates of the tested phases increased with the increasing of culture duration and testing concentrations.The inhibition rates were over 90% against the growth of M.aeruginosa after culture for 7 d.The n-hexane and n-butanol phases of M.grandiflora exhibited the best antialgal activity,over 96% inhibition rate at the concentration of 25 μg/ml,which was significantly higher than those of the other components,furthermore it could cause shrinkage and obvious surface inanition of Microcystis aeruginosa.[Conclusion] The n-hexane and n-butanol phases of M.grandiflora have the best inhibition activities on the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa,so they are worthy of further study.

Model and Practice of Vertical Greening in Nanchang City

Vertical greening is a new model to broaden urban green space in Nanchang City. Baded on the narration of the concept of vertical greening, all kinds of ways to carry out the vertical greening in Nanchang, as well as the available patterns, were explored by combining with the natural climatic conditions in Nanchang City, and then the current commonly used vertical greening plant varieties as well as their application value were introduced, which provided a new way of thinking for urban greening of Nanchang City.

Absorption capacity of major urban afforestation species in north-eastern China to heavy metal pollutants in the atmosphere

Totally 24 arbor tree species and 6 shrub species were measured on their absorption capacities to heavy metal Pb, Cd, Cr, and Hg by collecting and analyzing the leaves of trees along different streets in Harbin city in Sept. to Oct. of 2003. The results showed that all the measured species had certain absorbency to the pollutants (Pb, Cd, Cr and Hg), but there existed significant difference in absorption capacity for different species to different pollutants. The measured tree species were classified into three categories by their absorption quantum of heavy metal pollutants. Among the species measured,Betula platyphylla, Ulmus pumila var.pendula, andPrunus persicaf.rubro-plena had high capacity in absorbing Pb;Populus xiahei, P. nigra var.Italica, P. alba x P. berolinensis andSalix matsudana had had high capacity in absorbing Cd;Phellodendron amurense, Syringa oblata, Salix matsudana, Pinus tabulaeformis var.mukdensis, Picea koraiensis, Prunus persica f.rubro-plena, P. triloba andAcer negundo, etc. had high capacity in absorption of Cr;Prunus triloba, Quercus mongolica, Salix matsudana, Sambucus williamsii, Pyrus ussuuriensis andSpiraea fritschiana were good at absorption of Hg. This study might offer scientific foundation for selection of urban afforestation species in different polluted conditions caused by heavy metals. Keywords Greening tree species - Heavy metal - Pollutants - Plumbum - Cadmium - Chromium - Mercury - Absorptivity CLC number S731.2 - X501 Document code A Foundation item: This study is financially supported by the Special Programme for Agriculture under Ministry of Chinese Science and Technology (No. 2002BA516A15-01).Biography: MU Li-qiang (1966-), female, Associate professor in Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China.Responsible editor: Zhu Hong

Application and Analysis of Native Plant in Landscaping

With PVESM point of view, this study analyzed comprehensive functions of native plants, which including natural function, visual function, ecological function, social function and spiritual function, the advantages of native plants in landscaping and the effects of it on human living environment were expounded. Based on analyzing the present situations of native plants in landscaping, the relative improvement measures were put forward.

Landscapes Construction of Ecological, Cultural and Active Residential Districts with the Design of Longji Flower City as an Example

With the accelerating development of modern residential districts and the improvement of living levels, the requirement of people on environment is increasingly enhanced as well as the demand for culture. Based on people-oriented principle, this design utilized Chinese 'Fu' (blessings) culture to express people’s eager for a better life and the atmosphere of good fortune. It also produced the image of ecological environment by designing water landscapes and plant landscapes, created active space like squares for activity and active water system and developed the characteristics of residential districts by designing landscape sketches and plant landscapes.

Ecotype and Regional Division of Afforestation Plants in China

The selection of afforestation plants,which is based on the ecotype of afforestatioin plant,is the key of plant engineering. There is not final verdict yet on the standard of ecotype of afforestation plant. According to the presentational feature （regional distribution,Climatic indicator）,ecotype （climatoecological type,edaphic ecotype and biota ecotype） and genetic association of afforestation plant,combined with the experience in the greening practice,the afforesting nursery stock （Arbor and Shrub ） is divided into five ecotypes while the herbaceous plant are divided into three ecotypes.

Irsogladine maleate suppresses indomethacin-induced elevation of proinflammatory cytokines and gastric injury in rats

AIM： To investigate the mucosal protective effect and the mechanisms of action of the anti-ulcer drug irsogladine maleate in gastric injury induced by indomethacin in rats. METHODS： Gastric mucosal injury was induced in male Hos：Donryu rats by oral administration of indomethacin at a dose of 48 mg/kg. One hour before indomethacin treatment, animals were orally pretreated with irsogladine maleate at doses of 1 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg. Four hours after indomethacin administration, the animals were sacrificed and their stomachs were rapidly removed and processed for the evaluation of gastric mucosal damage and the determination of the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）, interleukin-1β （IL-1β）, IL-8 and myeloperoxidase （MPO） in mucosal tissues. RESULTS： Linear hemorrhagic mucosal lesions were observed primarily in the glandular stomach 4 h alter oral administration of indomethacin. Pretreatment with irsogladine maleate markedly reduced the number and severity of these lesions in a dose-dependent manner. The mucosal concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines （TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-8） and MPO, which indicates the degree of mucosal infiltration by neutrophils, increased concomitantly with the occurrence of gastric injury in the indomethacintreated rats. Pretreatment with irsogladine maleate significantly decreased the levels of these inflammatory factors in gastric tissue elicited by indomethacin.CONCLUSION： The mucosal protective effects afforded by irsogladine maleate on gastric injury induced by indomethacin are mediated by inhibition of mucosal proinflammatory cytokine production and neutrophil infiltration, leading to suppression of mucosal inflammation and subsequent tissue destruction.

Application of ionic liquids in hydrometallurgy of nonferrous metals

Ionic liquids as green solvents have shown important application in the extraction and separation of nonferrous metals.The new application perspective,the important fundamental and the applied studies of the extraction and separation of nonferrous metals in ionic liquids,including the dissolution and corrosion of metal and metal oxide,hydrometallurgy of chalcopyrite and metallic oxidized ore,and extraction and separation of metal ions,are introduced.

Survey on the Diversity of Afforestation Plants in Xi'an City

Through investigating plants applied in the main streets and public greenbelts,the first-hand information about afforestation plants in Xi'an City was obtained for the first time.The results showed that,there are 136 species of plants in total belong to 102 genera,and 53 families,among which 122 species are woody plants belong to 89 genera and 44 families,i.e.89.71% of the total afforestation plants;14 species are herbaceous plants belong to 13 genera and 9 families,i.e.10.29% of the total;and there are 3 species of liana that belong to 3 genera and 2 families in woody plants with a ratio of 2.21%.The analysis showed that the landscape monotonicity was caused by the simplification of plant disposition pattern,as well as uneven quantity and frequency of applied afforestation plants.From the perspective of plant diversity,the proportion of herbaceous plants was too small;native plants were used widely which basically demonstrated the characteristics of local landscape,and most of exotic plants had obvious pantropic features which grew well in Xi'an City.This paper also analyzed problems in the present greening situation and put forward several suggestions for future tasks.

Antifi brotic effects of green tea on in vitro and in vivo models of liver fibrosis

AIM: To examine the protective effect of green tea extract (GT) on hepatic fi brosis in vitro and in vivo in dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced rats.METHODS: HSC-T6, a rat hepatic stellate cell line, was used as an in vitro assay system. Cell proliferation, collagen content, and type 1 collagen expression were examined in activated HSC-T6 cells. Collagen was determined by estimating the hydroxyproline content. In rats with DMN-induced hepatic fi brosis, serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase concentrations, liver hydroxyproline and lipid peroxides were determined. Pathologic changes were examined by hematoxylin & eosin staining.RESULTS: GT administration prevented the development of hepatic fibrosis in the rat model of DMN-induced liver fi brosis. These results were confi rmed both by liver histology and by quantitative measurement of hepatic hydroxyproline content, a marker of liver collagen deposition. Accordingly, inhibition of proliferation, reduced collagen deposition, and type 1 collagen expression were observed in activated HSC-T6 cells following GT treatment. These results imply that GT reduced the proliferation of activated HSC and down regulated the collagen content and expression of collagen type 1, thereby ameliorating hepatic fibrosis.CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that greentea administration can effectively improve liver fibrosis caused by DMN, and may be used as a therapeutic option and preventive measure against hepatic f ibrosis.

One-time Shaping Technological System of Lightweight Roof Greening

Lightweight roof greening is an important way for improving urban ecological environment and has good ecological and social benefits, but the investment is- too-high for the investors. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the system of lightweight roof greening. This study introduced a lightweight roof greening mode with low cost, simple construction, rapid formation, good economic benefit and convenient curing.

Microscopic Observation of Pyrenoids in Order Ulvales(Chlorophyta) Collected from Qingdao Coast

Pyrenoids found in green algae Order Ulvales have taxonomical significance.Their morphology,microstructure,and the location and number in the cells have been widely used as identification criteria. As these traits can be affected by environmental conditions,it is necessary to look for other different characteristics.Here pyrenoids in several algae species collected along the Qingdao coast were studied for such purpose. The morphology and distribution of pyrenoids in the cells,as well as their change in different parts of the frond and at different times were studied with light microscope.The results are as follows.Pyrenoids appeared to be spherical or oval in observed Ulvales'algae cells.They were embedded in chloroplasts with the number of 1-3 per cell on average.The number of pyrenoids for Ulva pertusa could change drastically with continuing culture and could reach up to 10-20 per cell in late-growth stages.Generally, the pyrenoids in the marginal part were more observable than those in the central part for Ulva pertusa. In addition, the basal part of frond had more distinct pyrenoids with an average diameter of 2.42 μm for Enteromorpha linza. For some species the pyrenoids were difficult to be observed while dark treatment made them more distinguishable.The apoptosis rate of pyrenoids in different species varied under continuing dark treatment, which could be used to identify different species. Pyrenoids disappeared faster in E. linza than those in E.intestinalis.

Naturalization of Landscaping Woody Plant, Magnolia obovata Potentially Invasive Species

Magnolia obovata, a tree species native to Japan, is a traditional landscaping tree that has also been introduced to various countries. M. obovata individuals have recently emerged in non-planting areas in Korea, prompting us to investigate its distribution by establishing Dosolsan in an urban forest of Daejeon City as the target site. In order to determine its naturalization, the study explored the status of population growth by examining the diameter at breast height of the individuals, and diameter diminution quotient was calculated. Cores of the trees were collected, and the age distribution was estimated by regression analysis. Reproduction possibility was analyzed by verifying the flowerblooming and fruit-bearing. Spontaneous colonization was investigated in the other potential sites which have different location and environment, respectively.The diameter distribution showed a reverse J-shaped curve, and the diminution quotient was ≥ 1.8. The population was composed of different generations,thus confirming the growth of the population. The distributed M. obovata grew and flowered normally,and followed a normal life cycle. The same phenomenon was observed in other planting areas,residual forests in urban or rural areas, alluvial islands, and mountain forests. The continuous spread of M. obovata in new ecosystems may be attributable to its long-term distribution by birds, relatively fast growth, and maturity time. Investigations on the naturalization and spread of M. obovata in Korea, as well as in various countries, are warranted.

Removal of TOC and Color in Bleaching Effluents from Straw Pulp and Paper Mill by Fe^0-H_2O_2 Process

TOC and color in the bleaching effluent from straw pulp paper process could not reach draining standard after its treatment by a biochemical process. In this study, advanced treatment by integrated micro-electrolysis （Fe^0） method and Fenton-like process was investigated under various conditions, i.e. pH, Fe/C ratio, initial I-I2O2 concentration and carrier gas. Results showed that Fe/C ratio（V/V = 1.5）, larger H2O2 dosage around 50 rag/L, lower pH（pH= 3） turned out to be particularly efficient. Temperature was a key parameter, remarkably increasing reaction rates. Carrier air not only improved reaction efficiency, but also saved H2O2 dosage. Chlorinated organic compounds could be reductive dechlorinated by Fe^0 reaction and oxidated by OH produced from Fenton process. The combination of Fe^0 and H2O2 reactions had been proved to be highly effective for the advanced treatment of such a type of wastewaters, and important advantages concerning the application in the study.

Investigation of the Aroma Profile of Green Tea Leaves Using Organic Synthesis and Conventional Analytical Techniques

Although many aroma components have been identified in green tea leaves, the aroma compounds contributing to green tea＇s characteristic odor have not yet been reported. The authors recently reported that aroma components with a matcha-like odor are present in both green tea and black tea prepared from the Sayamakaori tea cuttivar. This matcha-like odor is similar to the odor of commercial available matcha （high-quality powdered green tea）, and is a specific odor feature of green tea leaves. At present, the green-tea odor is thought to arise from the combination of a large number of constituents. Recent reports indicate that a complex interaction between olfactory receptors and odorants is important for the evaluation of the odors. Taking into consideration these findings, the authors investigated the aroma profile of green tea, focusing on the characteristic molecular structures of the constituents that give matcha-like odor. Using a combination of organic synthesis and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry plus gas chromatography-olfactometry, the authors identified aroma components with matcha-like odors in five other tea cultivars. This investigation also revealed that several compounds with a formyl group were important constituents of the aroma of green tea leaves, although the odor of each constituent was not individually similar to the tea＇s overall aroma. The authors found for the first time a group of key components that have the matcha-like odor.

Dissolved organic matter and its role in red tide succession in the East China Sea in spring

Dissolved fluorescent organic matter was measured using fluorescence excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy at three temporal points during a Synechococcus bloom after diatom bloom dispersion in spring, 2007. Carbohydrate and dissolved organic carbon were also analyzed. The relationship between organic matter and red tide succession was examined. The results show that after the diatom bloom, tyrosine-like fluorescence B intensity was very high within the water column and exhibited a negative correlation with chlorophyll a over the period of the Synechococcus bloom. Other organic matter did not exhibit this relationship with chlorophyll a. This implied that diatom bloom dispersion resulted in the release of large quantities of tyrosine-like compounds into the water. These may play a role as a nutrient source or growth-stimulating substance for the subsequent Synechococcus bloom.