论乐史传奇中的地理书写——以《绿珠传》《杨太真外传》为中心

乐史著作颇丰,现存传奇《绿珠传》和《杨太真外传》具有极强的个人风格,可以明显发现地理志的影响痕迹。两篇传奇在内容上包含较多地理要素,部分文字与《太平寰宇记》重合度极高;在书写方式上,广泛征引材料,并采用小注的形式补充说明,力求信而有征。地理内容的渗透不仅是因为乐史精于地理,也有宋代地理学的发展革新以及时代风尚的作用。乐史在创作中引地理入传奇,呈现出尚学、尚博之风,开传奇“宋调”风气之先。

鲁迅论“团圆主义”和“教训小说”

鲁迅在中国小说史著作和杂文、书信中,许多地方批评我国古典小说中的“大团圆”思想,不满于把小说作为宣传某种“教义”的所谓“教训小说”,或小说中的“教训”的意味。鲁迅对“团圆主义”和“教训小说”的论述、批评,是发展文艺创作的推动力。因为“团圆主义”导致文艺创作的公式化,而“教训小说”则把小说引入概念化。

Genetic transformation of Platymonas (Tetraselmis) subcordiformis (Prasinophyceae, Chlorophyta) using particle bombardment and glass-bead agitation

Platymonas (Tetraselmis) subcordiformis is a unicellular marine green alga. It was found to be very sensitive to the herbicide Basta through a sensitivity test indicating it could be employed as a selective agent. The bar gene is a practicable and selectable marker gene. The vector containing the expression cassette of the bar gene was transferred to P. subcordiformis by both particle bombardment and glass-bead agitation and transformants were then selected using Basta. Finally, Southern blotting analysis indicated that the bar gene had been successfully integrated into the nuclear genome of P. subcordiformis using both of the transgenic techniques, with the transformation efficiency of the glass-bead method being slightly higher than that of particle bombardment. This is the first report on stable transformation of P. subcordiformis, and will improve fundamental research and enlarge application of this alga.

“交斩美人”解

《世说新语·汰侈》记载了一段著名的故事:石崇每要客燕集,常令美人行酒;客饮酒不尽者,使黄门交斩美人。王丞相与大将军尝共诣崇。丞相素不能饮,辄自勉强,至于沈醉。每至大将军,固不饮以观其变,已斩三人,颜色如故,尚不肯饮。丞相让之,大将军曰:“自杀伊家人,何预卿事!”“交斩美人”一句,“交”字何意,旧注无说。在后世传抄转引的文献中,“交”字常被略去,如宋人乐史《绿珠传》、明人冯梦龙辑《古今谭概·鸷忍》皆作“使黄门斩美人”,大概已不明“交”字之义,故径删去。