绿色建筑设计理念及设计实践探索

近几年,绿色建筑的设计理念逐渐成为我国建筑行业重点发展的方向,并且在我国建筑行业不断发展的过程中,也掀起了一股热潮。因此在建筑工程设计的过程中,将绿色建筑设计理念与自然环境相结合,在舒适、健康生活环境的基础之上,全面地展开建筑工程的设计工作,从而间接地对生态环境进行全面的保护,已逐渐成为我国建筑工程设计的核心内容。同时在绿色建筑设计的过程中,需要具有良好素养的专业人们对传统建筑的设计形式进行全面的优化,为人们提供良好的居住环境,进而促进建筑行业的发展。

关于绿色建筑设计理念在建筑设计中的运用

本文通过解析绿色建筑设计理念在建筑设计中运用的意义与优势,从多个角度出发,优化完善绿色建筑在建筑设计中的具体措施,并提出可行的具体措施,从而进一步提高我国建筑设计的质量,为进一步提高我国建筑设计的质量,为后续工作的展开提供有效的借鉴与参考。充分发挥出绿色建筑设计理念的优势,本文主要针对建筑设计中绿色建筑设计理念应用的意义;优化与完善建筑设计中绿色建筑设计理念应用的具体措施两点内容,从多个角度出发,提出具体的可行性方法。

绿色通道质控管理对急性缺血性卒中患者急诊救治效果及预后的影响探究

探究绿色通道质控管理对急性缺血性卒中患者急诊救治效果及预后的影响。方法 在2022.02-2022.08期间我院开展传统急救管理,选取此时段急诊科收治的急性缺血性卒中患者75例进行分析,以此为传统组。在2022.09-2023.02期间我院开展绿色通道质控管理,选取此时段急诊科收治的急性缺血性卒中患者75例进行分析,以此为质控组。对不同管理下神经功能评分、吞咽功能评分、时间指标、救治成功率、并发症发生率进行对照分析。结果 经过管理前,组间的神经功能评分、吞咽功能评分相比差异无意义(P>0.05)。经过管理后,质控组的神经功能评分、吞咽功能评分均低于传统组(P<0.05);质控组的时间指标短于传统组(P<0.05);质控组的救治成功率高于传统组(P<0.05);质控组的并发症发生率低于传统组(P<0.05)。结论 开展绿色通道质控管理,可以使急性缺血性卒中患者尽早进行静脉溶栓,从而提高脑卒中患者的救治率、降低致残率、致死率。同时,还可恢复脑组织血液供应,改善神经功能,促进吞咽功能恢复,降低并发症发生率,值得参考应用。

Stormwater management of urban greenway in China

In order to improve the stormwater regulation functions of urban greenways on the basis of literature research and case study the relationships between urban greenway and low impact development LID and green stormwater infrastructure GSI are analyzed. Then the classification system of urban greenways is proposed based on their stormwater regulation function and the suitable technical measures for stormwater management which can be used in different kinds of greenways are selected. According to China’s urban planning system the greenway planning method combined with the urban drainage system is developed and the design methods of the greenway stormwater system and individual stormwater facilities are put forward. The relationships between the greenway stormwater system and other systems are also analyzed in terms of stormwater inlet vertical design and overflow.Finally the waterfront greenway and street greenway demonstration projects in Jiaxing City which adopts the above concept and method are introduced. The results show that the reduction rates of annual total stormwater runoff and average total runoff contaminants TSS of the stormwater system are not less than 30% and 40% respectively.

Grey-theory based algorithm for impact assessment of green design

Life cycle assessment (LCA) is an important content of green design;the major phase of LCA is impact assessment. After classifying the impact factors, with grey-system theory, the evaluating grey-groups and their whitening weighing functions are defined;the grey-cluster analysis of each classified impact is performed;based on analyzing results, the calculating method of classified impact index is given. By range of action, the impact classes are grouped to three groups - global impact, regional impact, and local impact;the calculating methods of grouped and overall impact index are presented. Finally, an application example of comparative choice of a category of products - three materials, steel, aluminum and engineering plastics is given.

绿色设计理念在室内设计中的应用研究

21世纪是信息化时代,也是一个生态文明的时代。"可持续"是"绿色"的必然结果,尽管绿色概念已深入人心,但人民对"绿"的主张和陈述仍停留在"装饰材料是否对人体有害"上,但室内设计在现代城市和农业工程中的应用并不广泛,本文基于室内绿色设计的发展现状,对绿色设计理念在室内设计中的应用作出了分析,讨论其可行性和必要性,并进一步促进室内设计艺术的发展。

启动心灵教育,感受垃圾的别样文化

随着中国城市化进程的加快,垃圾已经成为城市可持续发展的重要障碍。如何进一步提升城市民众对垃圾的认识。

Mechanism of Chrome-free Tanning with Tetra-hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride

Tetra-hydroxymethyl phosphonium chloride （THPC） has been considered as an important chrome-free tanning agent. To understand the THPC tanning mechanism, the structure, charge distribution, activity and tanning ability of each phosphorous compound in THPC tanning system were studied, by ^31p NMR, FT-IR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） and computational chemistry method, etc. When pH raised to 6.0, the decomposition of THPC would take place, which results in a production of free formaldehyde, tri-hydroxymethyl phosphonium （TrHP） and tri-hydroxymethyl phosphine oxide （TrHPO）. At pH 9.0, THPC will be converted completely to TrHP and most TrHP is further oxidized into TrHPO. It is possible that, in reaction of phosphorous compounds and collagens, both P-C and C-O bonds would break simultaneously or individually. From molecular charge distribution and bond polar properties, it is deduced that, if P-C bonds break, the activity is in order of TrHPO 〉 THPC 〉 TrHE whereas if C--O bonds break, the order is TrHP 〉 THPC 〉 TrHPO. It is more possible that P--C bonds will break in reaction with collagen, and TrHPO may be more active in the THPC tanning system. The results of tanning and DSC also prove the above conclusion. Furthermore, the fact that the shrinkage temperature of THPC tanned leather was below 70℃ when basified to pH 5.0 or lower suggests that the hydroxymethyl groups of THPC and TrHP are less possible to combine directly with amino groups of collagen.

Characteristics of Steep Cultivated Land and the Impact of the Grain-for-Green Policy in China

The Grain-for-Green Policy in China could not only improve China＇s ecological quality, but also influence grain supplies for a short term. Based on data from the detailed nationwide land use survey in 1996 and the steep cultivated land survey update in 2000, a regression model for the driving forces affecting steep cultivated lands was developed, and cluster analysis was used to identify seven steep cultivated land types in order to analyze the grain availability impact of the project with land usage estimates for 2010 and 2030. The results suggested that consecutive days with minimum daily temperature over 10 ℃ and the dominant slope in a county constrained the spatial distribution of steep cultivated lands. In terms of socioeconomic factors, steep cultivated land was a complex interaction of population size, gross domestic production level, and the richness and quality of cultivated lands having slopes less then 15°. The trends for steep cultivated land in 2010 and 2030 were forecast using a driving forces model and China＇s grain security criteria and showed that the Grain-for-Green Policy at the national level would not cause a grain shortage or threaten food security criteria. However, if steep sloped lands were to be retired from production, some regions would need grain supplements as early as 2010. Also, assuming that only 60% of the cultivated land at the national level was needed, population and economic development pressures in 2030 would require some steep cultivated lands to be used for grain production.

Removal of TOC and Color in Bleaching Effluents from Straw Pulp and Paper Mill by Fe^0-H_2O_2 Process

TOC and color in the bleaching effluent from straw pulp paper process could not reach draining standard after its treatment by a biochemical process. In this study, advanced treatment by integrated micro-electrolysis （Fe^0） method and Fenton-like process was investigated under various conditions, i.e. pH, Fe/C ratio, initial I-I2O2 concentration and carrier gas. Results showed that Fe/C ratio（V/V = 1.5）, larger H2O2 dosage around 50 rag/L, lower pH（pH= 3） turned out to be particularly efficient. Temperature was a key parameter, remarkably increasing reaction rates. Carrier air not only improved reaction efficiency, but also saved H2O2 dosage. Chlorinated organic compounds could be reductive dechlorinated by Fe^0 reaction and oxidated by OH produced from Fenton process. The combination of Fe^0 and H2O2 reactions had been proved to be highly effective for the advanced treatment of such a type of wastewaters, and important advantages concerning the application in the study.

Kinetic Performance of Oil-field Produced Water Treatment by Biological Aerated Filter

The biological aerated filter （BAF） was used to treat the oil-field produced water. The removal efficiency for oil, COD, BOD and suspended solids （SS） was 76.3%-80.3%, 31.6%-57.9%, 8.6.3%-96.3% and76.4%--82.7%, respectively when the hydraulic loading rates varied from 016m·h^-1 to 1.4m·h^-1. The greatest partof removal, for example more than 80% of COD removal, occurred on the top 100cm of the media in BAF. The kinetic .performance of BAF indicated that the relationship of BOD removal efficiency with the hydraulic loadingrates, in biological aerated filters could be described by c1/c1=l-exp（-2.44/L^0.59）. This equation could be used topredict the B OD.removal efficiency at different hydraulic loading rates.

Ecological Function of Urban Green Roof and Analysis of Its Influencing Factors

Based on the analysis of the multiple ecological functions of green roofs, the main factors affecting the ecological functions of green roofs are expounded and the numerical simulation methods for quantitative calculation of ecological functions of green roofs are summarized in order to provide theoretical and method support for the construction of urban green roofs.

Machining of Single‑Crystal Sapphire with Polysaccharide‑Bonded Abrasive Tool

A novel polysaccharide-bonded abrasive tool is proposed for the green machining of single-crystal sapphires.The prescription and manufacturing process of the proposed tool is designed,and the gelation property of polysaccharide by microwave treatment is investigated.Abrasive tool samples are fabricated,and a machining experiment on a single-crystal sapphire is performed.It is found that the crystallinity of polysaccharide gel decreases as the proportion of cross-linked polysaccharide increases.Abrasive tool samples with cross-linked polysaccharide present higher surface hardness.With the new abrasive tool,the surface quality of sapphire wafer can be significantly improved.This new tool with an abrasive to binder ratio of 2∶1 attains a material removal rate of 0.68μm/min.It is found that increasing the abrasive to binder ratio leads to better self-dressing performance but worse material removal ability and greater loss of abrasive tool materials.The validity of polysaccharide as an abrasive tool binder is preliminarily verified.

A 3D theoretical model for green management:a case study of Chinese enterprises

Companies that not only abide by environmental regulations, but also discover new techniques and adopt newmanagement methods to reduce negative environmental impacts often have positive effects on corporate profitability. Inorder to meet the needs of sustainability of enterprises and protect environment, the concept of green management isdeveloped and regarded as an important direction of management theory of the 21st century. Though there are manytheories and practices about green management in western countries, they are built based on the developed marketeconomy, which are not suitable for Chinese enterprises absolutely. By analyzing the viewpoints and models of theoverseas and domestic experts and scholars, combining characteristic of China’s market economy, this paper points outthe real connotation of enterprise green management - the combination of ecological harmony (harmony between humanand nature) with human harmony (harmony among people), establishes a 3D theoretical model, points out the defects ofenterprise’s green management in China, reanalyzes and redesigned enterprise green management, which paves the wayfor the deeper and broader development of green management.

Mechanistic Insights into the Photophysics of Ortho-hydroxyl GFP Core Chromophores

Herein we have employed the MS-CASPT2//CASSCF method to study the S1 excited-state intramolecular proton transfers （ESIPTs） of recently synthesized ortho-hydroxyl GFP core chromophores, i.e. OHIM, CHBDI, and MHBID, and their excited-state relaxation pathways. We have found that in OHIM and CHBDI, the ESIPT process is associated with small barriers of 3.4 and 4.2 kcal/mol; while, in MHBDI, it becomes essentially barrierless. Moreover, we have found two main S1 excited-state radiationless channels. In the first one, the enol S1 species decays to the So state via the enol S1/S0 conical intersection after overcoming considerable barriers of 7.0 and 7.7 kcal/mol in OHIM and CHBDI （however, in MHBDI, it is nearly barrierless）. In the second one, the keto S] species is first generated through the ESIPT event; then, it is de-excited into the So state in the vicinity of the keto S1/S0 conical intersection. These energetically allowed excited-state decay channels rationalize ex- perimentally observed ultralow fluorescence quantum yields. The insights gained from the present work may help to guide the design of new ortho-hydroxyl GFP core chromophores with improved fluorescence emission and brightness.

Environmental Strategies for Design of Sustainable Buildings in Technique of Green Eco-Architecture

Architecture is defined as a symbiosis of function, aesthetics, technology and economics. This paper introduces the concept of development of technology in architecture for a sustainable society. The concept is based on a systemic link building-climate-energy. The scientific analysis of this link allows us to define three technical levels of modern architecture. The lowest level is represented by low energy architecture that gives priority to the element of energy. Climate is defined only by physical parameters here. It is characterized by the production of emissions that deplete the Biocapacity of the Earth. Higher level of architecture is represented by green architecture which gives equal priority to both energy and ecology. Climate is defined by physical and chemical parameters here. It is characterized by the tendency of reduction of emissions production and move towards environmentally clean energy, material and water sources. Sustainable architecture represents the target program of development of human settlements in the interaction of society-energy-ecology. It is characterized by the balance of categories nature-man-technology and by minimizing the emissions production to the extent of their coverage by the Earth＇s ecosystems. This paper introduces design strategy for green building. The basic structure of the strategy defines, and internal structure of the strategy emphasizes, principles and concepts of green buildings. In this strategy, the vital role is played by renewable energy sources as a production technology of the capital provided to man by nature.

高中化学教学中渗透德育的作用研究

高中化学是高中学生学习化学知识、感受化学神奇之处的重要阶段,在高中化学教学中渗透德育,能够在不断提升高中学生对化学知识理解程度的基础上,使他们形成一定的化学意识和化学思维,树立正确的思想观念和价值观念。本篇文章主要从高中化学教学中实施德育的作用以及高中化学教学中实施德育的具体策略两个方面进行分析,研究高中化学教学中实施德育的价值。高中化学教学的目的不仅仅在于指导学生认识化学、学习化学,更在于通过一段时间的化学知识教学,

Efficacy of Several Common Green Control Measures in Rice

To promote the use of green control technology and ensure the safety of food production and agricultural products, a demonstrative test of agricultural control, physical control and biological control conducted in the Honghu area of Jianghan Plain during 2010-2016 with medium rice as the object. In addition, their control ef- ficacy was compared with that of conventional use of chemical agents. The results showed that the green control measures could achieve the prevention and control requirements, and the control efficacy of some of them was even better than that of conventional use of chemical agents.

On the connotation and denotation of Green Library

In recent years, with the rise of the concept of green, energy conservation has become the one of the themes of social initiatives. And the library, as a natural green cultural institution, no doubt should walk in the forefront of the times. Libraries exist so that people can coown books; the same book can allow different people to read, recycle constantly, which is inherent attribute of green library.

A Web Service Framework for Environmental and Carbon Footprint Monitoring in Construction Supply Chains

With the growing environmental concerns, green supply chain management （GSCM） is gaining significant attention in the construction industry. Tracking and monitoring the environmental effects brought forth by the participating members along a supply chain is important to GSCM. The GreenSCOR model developed by the Supply Chain Council provides a generic framework for measuring the total carbon footprint and environmental footprint in a supply chain. The model is based on the Supply Chain Operations Reference （SCOR） model, which represents a supply chain network in a hierarchically structured manner. This paper describes the GreenSCOR framework and its potential application to the construction industry. This paper also presents a web services approach to incorporate the GreenSCOR model to the implementation of collaborative information systems. Each process element in the SCOR model is represented and delivered as individual web service units, which can be reused and integrated using standard web services technologies. The service units are combined and managed in a prototype web service collaborative framework, called SC Collaborator, which is designed and developed for supporting construction supply chain management. An illustrative example is presented to demonstrate the implementation of the GreenSCOR-based SC Collaborator framework.