Objective] This study aimed to determine the effects of medium composi-tion and fermentation condition on the production of antibiotics from an actinomycete antagonistic to Penicil ium viridicatum, which was isolated ...Objective] This study aimed to determine the effects of medium composi-tion and fermentation condition on the production of antibiotics from an actinomycete antagonistic to Penicil ium viridicatum, which was isolated from soil and identified primarily as Streptomyces anandi . [Method] Single-factor experiments and orthogonal array designs were used to optimize the medium composition and fermentation con-ditions. [Result] Culture medium composition and fermentation conditions showed sig-nificant influence on the antibiotic production from S. anandi . The optimum culture medium consisted of soluble starch 10 g/L, soybean cake powder 15 g/L, KH2PO4 0.5 g/L and MgSO4·7H2O 0.1 g/L. The optimized fermentation conditions were tem-perature 30 ℃, initial pH value 7.7, culture medium amount 40 ml/250 ml flask, and fermentation time 144 h. The titer of fermentation broth reached 452.7 U/ml when the S. anandi was cultured under the optimal fermentation medium and conditions. [Conclusion] The study may lay the foundation on further isolation and purification of the antibiotic from S. anandi JXNU02.展开更多
In order to evaluate the impact of green production introduced by the manufacturer and study the competitive strategy between two retailers,four strategic models among diverse retailers,i.e.,Cournot,Stackelberg and tw...In order to evaluate the impact of green production introduced by the manufacturer and study the competitive strategy between two retailers,four strategic models among diverse retailers,i.e.,Cournot,Stackelberg and two cases of collusion,are constructed.The optimal decision is obtained by the game theory and numerical analysis.The results indicate that the manufacturer's marginal profitability is no less than that of the two retailers.However,due to the manufacturer's green cost,the downstream profitability of the supply chain may exceed the upstream manufacturer's profitability.The retailers'Cournot behavior causes the manufacturer to acquire the highest profitability and set the highest green level.However,there is an opposite result in collusion.Two retailers will choose Cournot pricing when the consumer's green sensitivity is higher than a threshold.When consumers are more sensitive to the price difference of products,retailers prefer collusion,and then choose the Stackelberg behavior.Manufacturers'profitability will increase as competition among retailers intensifies.Proper competition allows two duopolistic retailers to acquire a higher profitability.展开更多
A gene （NANOC-D6D） encoding a desaturase that removes two hydrogen atoms from fatty acids at delta 6 position was isolated from a cDNA library of Nannochloropsis oculata （Droop） D. J. Hibberd （Eustigmatophyceae）...A gene （NANOC-D6D） encoding a desaturase that removes two hydrogen atoms from fatty acids at delta 6 position was isolated from a cDNA library of Nannochloropsis oculata （Droop） D. J. Hibberd （Eustigmatophyceae）. The unicellular marine microalga N. oculata synthesizes rich long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids （LCPUFAs）, including eicosapentaenoic acid （20：5n-3, EPA）. The deduced protein contains 474 amino acids that fold into 4 trans-membrane domains. The neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree indicates that NANOC-D6D is phylogenetically close to the delta-6 fatty acid desaturase of marine microalgae such as Glossomastix chrysoplasta, Thalassiosira pseudonana, and Phaeodactylum tricornutum. The gene was expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae INVScl to verify the substrate specificity of NAN OC-D6D. Our results suggest that the recombinant NANOC-D6D simultaneously desaturates linoleic acid （LA） and a-linolenic acid （ALA）.展开更多
With the growing environmental concerns, green supply chain management （GSCM） is gaining significant attention in the construction industry. Tracking and monitoring the environmental effects brought forth by the par...With the growing environmental concerns, green supply chain management （GSCM） is gaining significant attention in the construction industry. Tracking and monitoring the environmental effects brought forth by the participating members along a supply chain is important to GSCM. The GreenSCOR model developed by the Supply Chain Council provides a generic framework for measuring the total carbon footprint and environmental footprint in a supply chain. The model is based on the Supply Chain Operations Reference （SCOR） model, which represents a supply chain network in a hierarchically structured manner. This paper describes the GreenSCOR framework and its potential application to the construction industry. This paper also presents a web services approach to incorporate the GreenSCOR model to the implementation of collaborative information systems. Each process element in the SCOR model is represented and delivered as individual web service units, which can be reused and integrated using standard web services technologies. The service units are combined and managed in a prototype web service collaborative framework, called SC Collaborator, which is designed and developed for supporting construction supply chain management. An illustrative example is presented to demonstrate the implementation of the GreenSCOR-based SC Collaborator framework.展开更多
The rapid expansion of human resources has caused damage to our living environment. The concept of green economy with low power consumption and low pollution is becoming the focus of global attention. This article rev...The rapid expansion of human resources has caused damage to our living environment. The concept of green economy with low power consumption and low pollution is becoming the focus of global attention. This article reviews the development of green supply chain management （GSCM）, and briefly introduces the current methods of GSCM. In order to implement GSCM in the round, this paper recommends the life-cycle analysis, and proposed GSCM methods which the different types of companies should adopt.展开更多
China＇ s rapid economic development in recent years, more and more prompted serious environmental problems, especially some high pollution enterprises, has been a serious threat to the survival of mankind. At the sam...China＇ s rapid economic development in recent years, more and more prompted serious environmental problems, especially some high pollution enterprises, has been a serious threat to the survival of mankind. At the same time, both at home and abroad pay more and more attention to environmental problems caused in harm enterprises enhance their efficiency at the same time, the international and domestic have formulated a series of laws and regulations, the adverse effects of economic activity on the environment caused by the restriction of the enterprise. I studied the development and performance evaluation of green supply chain management, supply from the supply chain management strategy of a successful transition to the green supply chain management decision support for enterprises.展开更多
Under green supply chain mode, how to Carry out the distribution of profits between subjects is an important problem. Through the comparison of the green supply chain benefit allocation of non-cooperative game and coo...Under green supply chain mode, how to Carry out the distribution of profits between subjects is an important problem. Through the comparison of the green supply chain benefit allocation of non-cooperative game and cooperative game the payoffmatrix, it is clearly that the necessity of interest distribution cooperative game. Put general manufacturing enterprises of green supply chain as the research object, using Shapley value method for theory analysis and example verification, vertifys that enterprise synergy gains more than their own separate management, and puts forward a feasible path of supply chain collaboration through the construction of the distribution of interests coordination model.展开更多
Green supply chain is one of the trends of industry development. And performance measurement is the key to implementing the supply chain. So it is necessary to evaluate the environmental performance of supply chain .A...Green supply chain is one of the trends of industry development. And performance measurement is the key to implementing the supply chain. So it is necessary to evaluate the environmental performance of supply chain .According to the connotation of green supply chain and the standards of environmental management, this paper designs green performance measurement systems which is composed of four main factors such as waste emissions and exposure hazard, resource utilization, product recovery, and environmental reputation. And the authors delve deeply these factors so that it forms a two-level measurement system. Then the effect on the traditional performance measurement of supply chain is studied after taking greening to the supply chain leveL At last the authors apply the method of multi-level fuzzy judgment to the environmental performance measurement system. An example is given to show the judgment process.展开更多
RNA silencing is a conserved mechanism found ubiquitously in eukaryotic organisms.It has been used to regulate gene expression and development.In addition,RNA silencing serves as an important mechanism in plants' ...RNA silencing is a conserved mechanism found ubiquitously in eukaryotic organisms.It has been used to regulate gene expression and development.In addition,RNA silencing serves as an important mechanism in plants' defense against invasive nucleic acids,such as viruses,transposons,and transgenes.As a counter-defense,most plants,and some animal viruses,encode RNA silencing suppressors to interfere at one or several points of the silencing pathway.In this study,we showed that Pns12 of RGDV (Rice gall dwarf virus) exhibits silencing suppressor activity on the reporter green fluorescent protein in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana line 16c.Pns12 of RGDV suppressed local silencing induced by sense RNA but had no effect on that induced by dsRNA.Expression of Pns12 also enhanced Potato virus X pathogenicity in N.benthamiana.Collectively,these results suggested that RGDV Pns12 functions as a virus suppressor of RNA silencing,which might target an upstream step of dsRNA formation in the RNA silencing pathway.Furthermore,we showed that Pns12 is localized mainly in the nucleus of N.benthamiana leaf cells.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31160029,31360018)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(20122BAB204008,20132BAB204007)+1 种基金Science and Technology Planning Project from Department of Education of Jiangxi Province(GJJ12181)Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201203072)~~
文摘Objective] This study aimed to determine the effects of medium composi-tion and fermentation condition on the production of antibiotics from an actinomycete antagonistic to Penicil ium viridicatum, which was isolated from soil and identified primarily as Streptomyces anandi . [Method] Single-factor experiments and orthogonal array designs were used to optimize the medium composition and fermentation con-ditions. [Result] Culture medium composition and fermentation conditions showed sig-nificant influence on the antibiotic production from S. anandi . The optimum culture medium consisted of soluble starch 10 g/L, soybean cake powder 15 g/L, KH2PO4 0.5 g/L and MgSO4·7H2O 0.1 g/L. The optimized fermentation conditions were tem-perature 30 ℃, initial pH value 7.7, culture medium amount 40 ml/250 ml flask, and fermentation time 144 h. The titer of fermentation broth reached 452.7 U/ml when the S. anandi was cultured under the optimal fermentation medium and conditions. [Conclusion] The study may lay the foundation on further isolation and purification of the antibiotic from S. anandi JXNU02.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51875332)the Capacity Building Projects of Some Local Universities of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(No.18040501600).
文摘In order to evaluate the impact of green production introduced by the manufacturer and study the competitive strategy between two retailers,four strategic models among diverse retailers,i.e.,Cournot,Stackelberg and two cases of collusion,are constructed.The optimal decision is obtained by the game theory and numerical analysis.The results indicate that the manufacturer's marginal profitability is no less than that of the two retailers.However,due to the manufacturer's green cost,the downstream profitability of the supply chain may exceed the upstream manufacturer's profitability.The retailers'Cournot behavior causes the manufacturer to acquire the highest profitability and set the highest green level.However,there is an opposite result in collusion.Two retailers will choose Cournot pricing when the consumer's green sensitivity is higher than a threshold.When consumers are more sensitive to the price difference of products,retailers prefer collusion,and then choose the Stackelberg behavior.Manufacturers'profitability will increase as competition among retailers intensifies.Proper competition allows two duopolistic retailers to acquire a higher profitability.
基金Supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program in the 11th Five-Year Plan of China (No. 2006BAD09A03-2)the National High-tech Research and Development Program of China(863 Program) (No. 2007AA09Z427)
文摘A gene （NANOC-D6D） encoding a desaturase that removes two hydrogen atoms from fatty acids at delta 6 position was isolated from a cDNA library of Nannochloropsis oculata （Droop） D. J. Hibberd （Eustigmatophyceae）. The unicellular marine microalga N. oculata synthesizes rich long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids （LCPUFAs）, including eicosapentaenoic acid （20：5n-3, EPA）. The deduced protein contains 474 amino acids that fold into 4 trans-membrane domains. The neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree indicates that NANOC-D6D is phylogenetically close to the delta-6 fatty acid desaturase of marine microalgae such as Glossomastix chrysoplasta, Thalassiosira pseudonana, and Phaeodactylum tricornutum. The gene was expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae INVScl to verify the substrate specificity of NAN OC-D6D. Our results suggest that the recombinant NANOC-D6D simultaneously desaturates linoleic acid （LA） and a-linolenic acid （ALA）.
文摘With the growing environmental concerns, green supply chain management （GSCM） is gaining significant attention in the construction industry. Tracking and monitoring the environmental effects brought forth by the participating members along a supply chain is important to GSCM. The GreenSCOR model developed by the Supply Chain Council provides a generic framework for measuring the total carbon footprint and environmental footprint in a supply chain. The model is based on the Supply Chain Operations Reference （SCOR） model, which represents a supply chain network in a hierarchically structured manner. This paper describes the GreenSCOR framework and its potential application to the construction industry. This paper also presents a web services approach to incorporate the GreenSCOR model to the implementation of collaborative information systems. Each process element in the SCOR model is represented and delivered as individual web service units, which can be reused and integrated using standard web services technologies. The service units are combined and managed in a prototype web service collaborative framework, called SC Collaborator, which is designed and developed for supporting construction supply chain management. An illustrative example is presented to demonstrate the implementation of the GreenSCOR-based SC Collaborator framework.
文摘The rapid expansion of human resources has caused damage to our living environment. The concept of green economy with low power consumption and low pollution is becoming the focus of global attention. This article reviews the development of green supply chain management （GSCM）, and briefly introduces the current methods of GSCM. In order to implement GSCM in the round, this paper recommends the life-cycle analysis, and proposed GSCM methods which the different types of companies should adopt.
文摘China＇ s rapid economic development in recent years, more and more prompted serious environmental problems, especially some high pollution enterprises, has been a serious threat to the survival of mankind. At the same time, both at home and abroad pay more and more attention to environmental problems caused in harm enterprises enhance their efficiency at the same time, the international and domestic have formulated a series of laws and regulations, the adverse effects of economic activity on the environment caused by the restriction of the enterprise. I studied the development and performance evaluation of green supply chain management, supply from the supply chain management strategy of a successful transition to the green supply chain management decision support for enterprises.
文摘Under green supply chain mode, how to Carry out the distribution of profits between subjects is an important problem. Through the comparison of the green supply chain benefit allocation of non-cooperative game and cooperative game the payoffmatrix, it is clearly that the necessity of interest distribution cooperative game. Put general manufacturing enterprises of green supply chain as the research object, using Shapley value method for theory analysis and example verification, vertifys that enterprise synergy gains more than their own separate management, and puts forward a feasible path of supply chain collaboration through the construction of the distribution of interests coordination model.
文摘Green supply chain is one of the trends of industry development. And performance measurement is the key to implementing the supply chain. So it is necessary to evaluate the environmental performance of supply chain .According to the connotation of green supply chain and the standards of environmental management, this paper designs green performance measurement systems which is composed of four main factors such as waste emissions and exposure hazard, resource utilization, product recovery, and environmental reputation. And the authors delve deeply these factors so that it forms a two-level measurement system. Then the effect on the traditional performance measurement of supply chain is studied after taking greening to the supply chain leveL At last the authors apply the method of multi-level fuzzy judgment to the environmental performance measurement system. An example is given to show the judgment process.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No. 2010CB126203)the National Transgenic Major Program(Grant Nos. 2009ZX08009-044B and 2009ZX08001-018B)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No. 30970135)the Fujian Province Education Department(Grant No. JB08078)Specialized Research Fund for the Ministry of Agriculture(Grant No. nyhyzx07-051)
文摘RNA silencing is a conserved mechanism found ubiquitously in eukaryotic organisms.It has been used to regulate gene expression and development.In addition,RNA silencing serves as an important mechanism in plants' defense against invasive nucleic acids,such as viruses,transposons,and transgenes.As a counter-defense,most plants,and some animal viruses,encode RNA silencing suppressors to interfere at one or several points of the silencing pathway.In this study,we showed that Pns12 of RGDV (Rice gall dwarf virus) exhibits silencing suppressor activity on the reporter green fluorescent protein in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana line 16c.Pns12 of RGDV suppressed local silencing induced by sense RNA but had no effect on that induced by dsRNA.Expression of Pns12 also enhanced Potato virus X pathogenicity in N.benthamiana.Collectively,these results suggested that RGDV Pns12 functions as a virus suppressor of RNA silencing,which might target an upstream step of dsRNA formation in the RNA silencing pathway.Furthermore,we showed that Pns12 is localized mainly in the nucleus of N.benthamiana leaf cells.
