A collaborative planning framework based on the Lagrangian Relaxation was developed to coordinate and optimize the production planning of independent partners in multiple tier supply chains. Linking constraints and de...A collaborative planning framework based on the Lagrangian Relaxation was developed to coordinate and optimize the production planning of independent partners in multiple tier supply chains. Linking constraints and dependent demand constraints were added to the monolithic Multi-Level, multi-item Capacitated Lot Sizing Problem (MLCLSP). MLCLSP was Lagrangian relaxed and decomposed into facility-separable subproblems. Surrogate gradient algorithm was used to update Lagrangian multipliers, which coordinate decentralized decisions of the facilities. Production planning of independent partners could be appropriately coordinated and optimized by this framework without intruding their decisionities and private information. Experimental results show that the proposed coordination mechanism and procedure come close to optimal results as obtained by central coordination.展开更多
The ocean’s thermal inertia is a major contributor to irreversible ocean changes exceeding time scales that matter to human society.This fact is a challenge to societies as they prepare for the consequences of climat...The ocean’s thermal inertia is a major contributor to irreversible ocean changes exceeding time scales that matter to human society.This fact is a challenge to societies as they prepare for the consequences of climate change,especially with respect to the ocean.Here the authors review the requirements for human actions from the ocean’s perspective.In the near term(∼2030),goals such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)will be critical.Over longer times(∼2050–2060 and beyond),global carbon neutrality targets may be met as countries continue to work toward reducing emissions.Both adaptation and mitigation plans need to be fully implemented in the interim,and the Global Ocean Observation System should be sustained so that changes can be continuously monitored.In the longer-term(after∼2060),slow emerging changes such as deep ocean warming and sea level rise are committed to continue even in the scenario where net zero emissions are reached.Thus,climate actions have to extend to time scales of hundreds of years.At these time scales,preparation for“high impact,low probability”risks—such as an abrupt showdown of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation,ecosystem change,or irreversible ice sheet loss—should be fully integrated into long-term planning.展开更多
文摘A collaborative planning framework based on the Lagrangian Relaxation was developed to coordinate and optimize the production planning of independent partners in multiple tier supply chains. Linking constraints and dependent demand constraints were added to the monolithic Multi-Level, multi-item Capacitated Lot Sizing Problem (MLCLSP). MLCLSP was Lagrangian relaxed and decomposed into facility-separable subproblems. Surrogate gradient algorithm was used to update Lagrangian multipliers, which coordinate decentralized decisions of the facilities. Production planning of independent partners could be appropriately coordinated and optimized by this framework without intruding their decisionities and private information. Experimental results show that the proposed coordination mechanism and procedure come close to optimal results as obtained by central coordination.
基金L.Cheng acknowledges financial supports from the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences[grant munber XDB42040402]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 42122046 and 42076202]The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation.
文摘The ocean’s thermal inertia is a major contributor to irreversible ocean changes exceeding time scales that matter to human society.This fact is a challenge to societies as they prepare for the consequences of climate change,especially with respect to the ocean.Here the authors review the requirements for human actions from the ocean’s perspective.In the near term(∼2030),goals such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)will be critical.Over longer times(∼2050–2060 and beyond),global carbon neutrality targets may be met as countries continue to work toward reducing emissions.Both adaptation and mitigation plans need to be fully implemented in the interim,and the Global Ocean Observation System should be sustained so that changes can be continuously monitored.In the longer-term(after∼2060),slow emerging changes such as deep ocean warming and sea level rise are committed to continue even in the scenario where net zero emissions are reached.Thus,climate actions have to extend to time scales of hundreds of years.At these time scales,preparation for“high impact,low probability”risks—such as an abrupt showdown of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation,ecosystem change,or irreversible ice sheet loss—should be fully integrated into long-term planning.
