建筑是温室气体(GHG)排放的主要来源,也是造成气候危机的原因之一。为了满足缓解气候变化的需要,不仅要关注建筑运行的能耗及其对应的温室气体排放,更要关注建筑的整个生命周期。本研究通过系统编制和分析650多个生命周期评估(LCA)案例...建筑是温室气体(GHG)排放的主要来源,也是造成气候危机的原因之一。为了满足缓解气候变化的需要,不仅要关注建筑运行的能耗及其对应的温室气体排放,更要关注建筑的整个生命周期。本研究通过系统编制和分析650多个生命周期评估(LCA)案例,分析了全球建筑生命周期中温室气体排放的趋势。基于一个由238个案例组成的最终样本,对不同的能效等级进行了分析,结果显示,当运营能效提高时,生命周期内温室气体排放有明显的下降趋势。然而,分析显示,所谓的"体现"温室气体排放的相对贡献和绝对贡献均有所增加,如,制造和加工建筑材料所产生的废气。虽然按照现行的能效法规,建筑物的实际温室气体排放量约占整个生命周期温室气体排放量的20%~25%,但在极端情况下,这一数字将上升至45%~50%,并超过90%。此外,本研究分析了温室气体排放的发生时间,突出了建筑生产的"碳峰值"。将结果与瑞士新亚能源效率路径中现有的建筑物温室气体排放基准相比较,结果显示大多数案例超出了11.0 kg CO2eq/m^2·a的目标。考虑到全球温室气体减排目标,研究结果表明迫切需要通过优化运行和具体影响来减少建筑物的温室气体排放。展开更多
This article reviews climate change within the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030(SFDRR), analyzing how climate change is mentioned in the framework’s text and the potential implications for deal...This article reviews climate change within the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030(SFDRR), analyzing how climate change is mentioned in the framework’s text and the potential implications for dealing with climate change within the context of disaster risk reduction. Three main categories are examined. First,climate change affecting disaster risk and disasters,demonstrating too much emphasis on the single hazard driver and diminisher of climate change. Second, crosssectoral approaches, for which the SFDRR treads carefully,thereby unfortunately entrenching artificial differences and divisions, although appropriately offering plenty of support to other sectors from disaster risk reduction. Third,implementation, for which climate change plays a suitable role without being overbearing, but for which other hazard influencers should have been treated similarly. Overall, the mentions of climate change within the SFDRR put too much emphasis on the hazard part of disaster risk. Instead,within the context of the three global sustainable development processes that seek agreements in 2015, climate change could have been used to further support an allvulnerabilities and all-resiliences approach. That could be achieved by placing climate change adaptation as one subset within disaster risk reduction and climate change mitigation as one subset within sustainable development.展开更多
文摘建筑是温室气体(GHG)排放的主要来源,也是造成气候危机的原因之一。为了满足缓解气候变化的需要,不仅要关注建筑运行的能耗及其对应的温室气体排放,更要关注建筑的整个生命周期。本研究通过系统编制和分析650多个生命周期评估(LCA)案例,分析了全球建筑生命周期中温室气体排放的趋势。基于一个由238个案例组成的最终样本,对不同的能效等级进行了分析,结果显示,当运营能效提高时,生命周期内温室气体排放有明显的下降趋势。然而,分析显示,所谓的"体现"温室气体排放的相对贡献和绝对贡献均有所增加,如,制造和加工建筑材料所产生的废气。虽然按照现行的能效法规,建筑物的实际温室气体排放量约占整个生命周期温室气体排放量的20%~25%,但在极端情况下,这一数字将上升至45%~50%,并超过90%。此外,本研究分析了温室气体排放的发生时间,突出了建筑生产的"碳峰值"。将结果与瑞士新亚能源效率路径中现有的建筑物温室气体排放基准相比较,结果显示大多数案例超出了11.0 kg CO2eq/m^2·a的目标。考虑到全球温室气体减排目标,研究结果表明迫切需要通过优化运行和具体影响来减少建筑物的温室气体排放。
文摘This article reviews climate change within the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030(SFDRR), analyzing how climate change is mentioned in the framework’s text and the potential implications for dealing with climate change within the context of disaster risk reduction. Three main categories are examined. First,climate change affecting disaster risk and disasters,demonstrating too much emphasis on the single hazard driver and diminisher of climate change. Second, crosssectoral approaches, for which the SFDRR treads carefully,thereby unfortunately entrenching artificial differences and divisions, although appropriately offering plenty of support to other sectors from disaster risk reduction. Third,implementation, for which climate change plays a suitable role without being overbearing, but for which other hazard influencers should have been treated similarly. Overall, the mentions of climate change within the SFDRR put too much emphasis on the hazard part of disaster risk. Instead,within the context of the three global sustainable development processes that seek agreements in 2015, climate change could have been used to further support an allvulnerabilities and all-resiliences approach. That could be achieved by placing climate change adaptation as one subset within disaster risk reduction and climate change mitigation as one subset within sustainable development.
