提出地震斜坡物质响应率(Response Rate of Seismic Slope Mass Movements,RRSSMM)的概念,然后基于汶川地震滑坡详细编录图,结合汶川地震导致的斜坡物质运动形式(滑坡)的"面积–体积"经验公式,对汶川地震导致的斜坡物质响应...提出地震斜坡物质响应率(Response Rate of Seismic Slope Mass Movements,RRSSMM)的概念,然后基于汶川地震滑坡详细编录图,结合汶川地震导致的斜坡物质运动形式(滑坡)的"面积–体积"经验公式,对汶川地震导致的斜坡物质响应率及其空间分布规律开展研究,基于1 km2的正方形网格构建整个震区的地震斜坡物质响应率分布栅格图与等值线图,统计斜坡物质响应率大小与分布面积的关系,揭示地震斜坡物质响应率与分布面积之间的幂律关系。大光包滑坡(汶川地震触发的规模最大的滑坡)处的RRSSMM最大,达到47.923 5 m。RRSSMM超过1 m的区域主要分布在映秀—北川地表破裂南西段(映秀镇与北川县之间)对应的上盘区域,这一区域恰对应着逆冲分量为主的断裂上盘,这表明逆冲断裂对上盘区域发生滑坡的极强烈的控制作用。基于GIS技术与统计学理论,开展不同地震滑坡影响因子控制下的斜坡物质响应率空间分布规律分析,这些因子包括地形因子、地质因子与地震因子,分别为高程、坡度、坡向、斜坡曲率、斜坡坡位、与水系距离、岩性、与震中距离、与北川—映秀断裂距离、沿着北川—映秀断裂距离、地震动峰值加速度(PGA)与地震烈度。分析结果表明,RRSSMM随着坡度、地震烈度、PGA的增加而增加;随着与震中距离、与北川—映秀断裂距离、与水系距离的增加而减少;最大的RRSSMM值高程范围为1 600~1 800 m;最大RRSSMM值对应坡向为E方向;曲率越接近0,RRSSMM越小;坡位为中坡、下坡与谷底的RRSSMM值最高;砂岩、粉砂岩(Z),砂岩、粉砂岩、硅质岩、板岩(∈)这两类岩组是RRSSMM的高值岩性组合;沿着北川—映秀断裂的RRSSMM统计结果表明,逆冲运动习性的断裂比走滑习性的断裂对斜坡物质响应率具有更强烈的控制作用。该研究成果可为汶川地震区的河流与地貌演化、滑坡与泥石流研究等提供基础数据,也可指导其它地震触发的区域群体性滑坡事件的同类研究。展开更多
Small tunnels such as engineering geological exploratory tunnels and mine roadways are generally narrow, which make the existing photographic geological logging technique inapplicable. Therefore, geological logging of...Small tunnels such as engineering geological exploratory tunnels and mine roadways are generally narrow, which make the existing photographic geological logging technique inapplicable. Therefore, geological logging of exploratory tunnels has always been taking the method of manual sketch work which has low efficiency and poor informatization degree of products, and it is a technical issue requiring urgent settlement for geological logging of small tunnels. This paper proposes and studies novel methods of photographic geological logging suitable for small tunnels, including image acquisition, image orientation control, image geometric correction, unfolded image map generation and geological attitude measurement, etc. Experiments show that the method can meet the precision requirement of geological logging. The novel method helps to realize the fast acquisition and processing of image-based geological logging data for small tunnels, and the forms of logging result are more abundant and more applicable to informatized management and application of geological logging data.展开更多
基金Project(201508)supported by the Open Research Foundation of Engineering Research Center for Rock-Soil Drilling & Excavation and Protection(Ministry of Education),ChinaProject(BK2012812)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China+1 种基金Project(KYLX_0492)supported by the University Postgraduate Scientific Research and Innovation Project of Jiangsu Province,ChinaProject(2014B38714)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China
文摘Small tunnels such as engineering geological exploratory tunnels and mine roadways are generally narrow, which make the existing photographic geological logging technique inapplicable. Therefore, geological logging of exploratory tunnels has always been taking the method of manual sketch work which has low efficiency and poor informatization degree of products, and it is a technical issue requiring urgent settlement for geological logging of small tunnels. This paper proposes and studies novel methods of photographic geological logging suitable for small tunnels, including image acquisition, image orientation control, image geometric correction, unfolded image map generation and geological attitude measurement, etc. Experiments show that the method can meet the precision requirement of geological logging. The novel method helps to realize the fast acquisition and processing of image-based geological logging data for small tunnels, and the forms of logging result are more abundant and more applicable to informatized management and application of geological logging data.
