出土汉代饱水苇编物的清理和加固

本文详细叙述了对一件汉代饱水苇编物的清洗和加固,并对乙二醛加固剂的浓度和酸度控制以及加固剂组成和结构进行了讨论。

《编物初步》在沪发现显露海派编结源头

绒线编织作为手工艺的一支奇葩,集美观与实用于一体,曾经在近代上海的发展史上抹下重彩浓墨的一笔。二十世纪八十年代以来,随着科学技术的日新月异,机械化程度的节节攀升,风靡女性世界的绒线编织已风光不再,渐渐地淡出人们的视野。笔者收藏的《编物初步》手册,正是这一段难忘历史的实物见证。

Cloning of Banana Bunchy Top Virus Chinese Zhangzhou Isolate DNA 4 and the Promoter Activity of Its Non_coding Region

Banana bunchy top virus Chinese Zhangzhou isolate (BBTV-ZZ) DNA 4 was amplified by PCR and cloned. Sequence analysis showed that BBTV-ZZ DNA 4 is 1 039 nucleotides (nts) in length and this virus could be one member of BBTV Asian group. Transcriptional initiation site A, which is at the 269 nucleotide, was preliminarily determined by using 5' RACE method. BBTV-ZZ DNA 4 non-coding region was sub-cloned by PCR and inserted into upstream of gfp : : gus plant expression vector pCAMBIA 1304 to construct recombinant plasmid pTA2. Agrobacterium tumefaciens harboring pTA2 was injected into leaves of the tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Xanthi NC) via Agrobacterium-infiltration procedure. Transient expressions of GUS and GFP were determined in injected leaves 3 - 5 d later. GUS activities of pTA2, pCAMBIA 1304 injected and non-injected tobacco leaves respectively were 1.007 0 pmol MU(.)mug(-1.)min(-1), 2.069 0 pmol MU(.)mug(-1.)min(-1) and 0.021 4 pmol MU(.)mug(-1.)min(-1). Indirect ELISA for GFP in 1 mg total protein from pTA2, pCAMBIA 1304 injected and non-injected leaves showed an A(490 nm) value of 89.577, 100.440 and 3.287, respectively. These results showed that the non-coding region of BBTV-ZZ DNA 4 has a promoter activity not only in the virus replication in monocot, but also in driving the expression of a foreign gene in dicot plants.

BUD2,encoding an S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase,is required for Arabidopsis growth and development

Polyamines are implicated in regulating various developmental processes in plants, but their exact roles and how they govern these processes still remain elusive. We report here an Arabidopsis bushy and dwarf mutant, bud2, which results from the complete deletion of one member of the small gene family that encodes S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylases （SAMDCs） necessary for the formation of the indispensable intermediate in the polyamine biosynthetic pathway. The bud2 plant has enlarged vascular systems in inflorescences, roots, and petioles, and an altered homeostasis ofpolyamines. The double mutant of bud2 and samdcl, a knockdown mutant of another SAMDC member, is embryo lethal, demonstrating that SAMDCs are essential for plant embryogenesis. Our results suggest that polyamines are required for the normal growth and development of higher plants.

Development of Warp Knitted Products on RSJ Machine

Products made by Raschel Jacquard(RSJ)high-speed jacquard warp knitting machine are used in ornament and apparel fabrics.However,most products are produced according to the existing samples.The capability of creative design is not enough at home.In this paper,based on the basic features,the knitting methods and the working principles of warp knitting jacquard machines,the rules for manufacturing jacquard products are summarized.The article provides the new thoughts for the development of fabrics,such as the pattern design,changing the cams,power-net and a special technology of without pillar,which were obtained from the practices in a factory.

Performance of Physical-Layer Network Coding in Asymmetric Two-Way Relay Channels

In this paper, we study the performance of physical-layer network coding in asymmetric two-way relay channels using four different cases having different poor channels:phase asymmetry, downlink asymmetry, uplink asymmetry and node asymmetry. The decision and mapping rule for symmetric and asymmetric cases are studied. The performance in terms of bit error rate for each case will be studied and analysed by computer simulation. Analytical and simulation results show that uplink asymmetry is the worst case;intra-phase asymmetry and unreliable uplink channels will more severely affect the performance degradation, which is caused by channel asymmetry.

Permutation Analysis of Track and Column Braiding

The positions of braiding carrier in track and column braiding are represented by a diagrammatic braiding plan and a corresponding lattice-array is defined. A set is then formed so that the permutation analysis can be performed to represent the movement of carriers in a braiding process. The process of 4-step braiding is analyzed as an example to describe the application of the proposed method by expressing a braiding cycle as a product of disjoint cycles. As a result, a mapping relation between the disjoint cycles and the movement of carriers is deduced. Following the same analysis principles, a process of 8-step braiding and the corresponding initial state of the lattice-array is developed. A successful permutation analysis to the process manifests the general suitability of the proposed method.

Method of Weave Design Using the Concept of Auxiliary Dobby Shaft

The craft of auxiliary dobby shaft is one of methods used in the traditional figured woven textiles and especially brocade in China.Based on the principle of auxiliary dobby shaft,a new method of weave design was proposed.The relevant arrangement of warp and weave design were discussed.It is shown that this method can be applied on one electronic jacquard loom with single warp beam for new product development and production.And this effect will open up a new way to reproduce traditional fabrics in order to protect and develop Chinese traditional culture.

Creep Test of Polymer-matrix 3-D Braided Composites

The long-term creep behavior of polymer-matrix 3-D braided composites was studied by using the tensile creep test method, and the effect of braiding structure, braiding angle and fiber volume fraction were discussed. The creep curve appears as expected, and can be defined two phases, namely, the primary phase and the secondary phase. For each sample, strain increases with time rapidly, and then the strain rate decreases and appears to approach a constant rate of change (steady-state creep). The experiment results show that the creep resistant properties are improved while the braiding angle decreases or the fiber volume fraction increases, and that the five-directional braiding structure offers better creep resistant properties than the four-directional braiding structure.

Characterization of human gene encoding SLA/LP autoantigen and its conserved homologs in mouse,fish,fly,and worm

AIM： To approach the elusive function of the SLA/LP molecule, we have characterized genomic organization and conservation of the major antigenic and functional properties of the SLA/LP molecule in various species. METHODS： By means of computational biology, we have characterized the complete SLA/LP gene, mRNA and deduced protein sequences in man, mouse, zebrafish, fly, and worm. RESULTS： The human SLA/LP gene sequence of approximately 39 kb, which maps to chromosome 4p15.2, is organized in 11 exons, of which 10 or 11 are translated, depending on the splice variant. Homologous molecules were identified in several biological model organisms. The various homologous protein sequences showed a high degree of similarity or homology, notably at those residues that are of functional importance. The only domain of the human protein sequence that lacks significant homology with homologous sequences is the major antigenic epitope recognized by autoantibodies from autoimmune hepatitis （AIH） patients. CONCLUSION： The SLA/LP molecule and its functionally relevant residues have been highly conserved throughout the evoluti n, suggesting an indispensable function of the molecule. The finding that the only non-conserved domain is the dominant antigenic epitope of the human SLA/LP sequence, suggests that SLA/LP autoimmunity is autoantigen-driven rather than being driven by molecular mimicry.

Human Cytomegalovirus UL138 Open Reading Frame Is Highly Conserved in Clinical Strains

Objective To investigate the variability of human cytomegalovirus （HCMV） UL138 open reading frame （ORF） in clinical strains. Methods HCMV UL138 ORF was amplified by polymerase chain reaction （PCR） and PCR amplification products were sequenced directly, and the data were analyzed in 19 clinical strains. Results LIL138 ORF in all 30 clinical strains was amplified successfully. Compared with that of Toledo strain, the nucleotide and amino acid sequence identifies of LIL138 ORF in all strains were 97.41% to 99.41% and 98.24% to 99.42%, respectively. All of the nucleofide mutations were substitutions. The spatial structure and post-translational modification sites of HL138 encoded proteins were conserved. The result of phylogenetic tree showed that HCMV HL138 sequence variations were not definitely related with different clinical symptoms. Conclusion HCMV UL138 ORF in clinical strains is high conservation, which might be helpful for UL138 encoded protein to play a role in latent infection of HCMV.

Effect of naked eukaryotic expression plasmid encoding rat augmenter of liver regeneration on acute hepatic injury and hepatic failure in rats

AIM: To study the protective effect of eukaryotic expression plasmid encoding augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) on acute hepatic injury and hepatic failure in rats. METHODS: The PCR-amplified ALR gene was recombined with pcDNA3 plasmid, and used to treat rats with acute hepatic injury. The rats with acute hepatic injury induced by intraperitoneal injection of 2 mL/kg 50% carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) were randomly divided into saline control group and recombinant pcDNA3-ALR plasmid treatment groups. Recombinant pcDNA3-ALR plasmid DNA (50 or 200 μg/kg) was injected into the rats with acute hepatic injury intravenously, intraperitoneally, or intravenously and intraperitoneally in combination 4 h after CCl4 administration, respectively. The recombinant plasmid was injected once per 12 h into all treatment groups four times, and the rats were decapitated 12 h after the last injection. Hepatic histopathological alterations were observed after HE staining, the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in liver tissue was detected by immunohistochemical staining, and the level of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was determined by biochemical method. The recombinant plasmid DNA (200 μg/kg) and saline were intraperitoneally injected into the rats with acute hepatic failure induced by intraperitoneal injection of 4 mL/kg 50% CCl4 after 4 h of CCl4 administration, respectively. Rats living over 96 h were considered as survivals.RESULTS: The sequence of ALR cDNA of recombinant pcDNA3-ALR plasmid was accordant with the reported sequence of rat ALR cDNA. After the rats with acute hepatic injury were treated with recombinant pcDNA3-ALR plasmid, the degree of liver histopathological injury markedly decreased. The pathologic liver tissues, in which hepatic degeneration and necrosis of a small amount of hepatocytes and a large amount of infiltrating inflammatory cells were observed, and they became basically normal in the most effective group after four times of injection of recombinant pcDNA3-ALR plasmid. The indexes of PCNA significantly increased in the recombinant pcDNA3-ALR plasmid treatment groups compared to model group. The level of serum AST and ALT remarkably reduced in recombinant pcDNA3-ALR plasmid treatment groups compared to model group. The results showed that the effect of 200 μg/kg recombinant pcDNA3-ALR plasmid in the rats with acute liver injury was stronger than that of 50μg/kg pcDNA3-ALR DNA.The effect of intravenous injection of recombinant pcDNA3ALR plasmid was better. After the rats with acute hepatic failure were treated with recombinant pcDNA3-ALR plasmid,the survival rate (40%) significantly increased in treatment groups compared to control group (15%, P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: The ALR gene may play an important role in relieving acute hepatic injury and hepatic failure by promoting hepatic cell proliferation and reducing level ofAST and ALT in CCl4-intoxicated rats.

Algorithm for Automatic Generation of Curved and Compound Twills

A new arithmetic using matrix left-shift functions for the quicker generation of curved and compound twills is introduced in this paper. A matrix model for the generation of regular, curved and compound twill structures is established and its computing simulation realization are elaborated. Examples of the algorithm applying in the simulation and the automatic generation of curved and compound twills in fabric CAD are obtained.

Climate change adaptation approaches with nomadic culture characteristics in Inner Mongolia grassland in China

Climate change adaptation is an important part of addressing climate warming. Inner Mongolia grassland is a sensitive and vulnerable area of climate and an important region for adaptation to climate change. New climate change adaptation approaches with nomadic culture characteristics should be exploded in the context of climate warming. In this paper, the different utilization pattern of grassland in different regions, the different modes of production and management and historical culture were analyzed first in Nenjiang-West Liaohe plain and Ke'erqin region, Inner Mongolia Plateau and Ordos Plateau. Then, nomadic culture on the grassland was discussed from the productivity to biodiversity, from local livestock variety to resource-used system. Finally, new approaches of climate change adaptation with inheriting the essence of nomadic culture were proposed, including protecting biodiversity and using resources reasonably, performing a practice of grazing suspension-rotational grazing system,fencing degenerated grassland to facilitate its growth, founding new farming and husbandry system on the grassland, and establishing an incentive mechanism favorable to grassland and ethical cultural protection.

Yarn Architecture Analysis of Two-step 3D Braided Composites

A comprehensive study of yarn architecture of two-step rectangle 3D braided composites is presented. Firstly, the braided surface, the shapes of yarns and the intertwining between braider yams and axial yams are analyzed from experimentation. With the microstructure being defined, three levels of unit cell structure are identified, i.e. large unit cell, second unit cell and minimal unit cell. Secondly, based on the minimal unit cell in the interior and on the boundary of the entire cross-section, the deformations of axial yams squashed by braider yams contribute to the increase of the fiber packing factors of axial yams. Finally, the predicted fiber volume fraction of the composites decreases with the increase of linear density of the braider yam and the pitch length. Favorable correlations between the predicted and the experimental results arc found for six groups of the composites.

Medium Access Control： A Physical Layer Network- Coded Approach

This paper investigates the medium access control （MAC） stratifies for communication systems. Since the signals are naturally superposed in public medium, we introduce physical layer network coding into MAC system and propose the physical layer network coded MAC （PNC-MAC） to utilize the collisions occurring in the MAC process. The implicit expressions of the throughput and average delay of the system operated with the new algorithm are derived in an iterative way. To show the performance of the algorithm, we compare the throughput and average delay induced by the new algorithm with current schemes via simulations. The results show that when operated with our proposed PNC-MAC, MAC system can achieve a larger throughput while the frames bear shorter average delay. Moreover, in many users case, the throughput increases slightly while the average delay ascends drastically.

Prediction of Buckling of Plain Knitted Fabric Sheets Subjected to Simple Shear in Wale Direction

Knitted fabric is very different from woven fabric due to its more complicated knitting structures. The buckling of knitted fabric sheets subjected to simple shear in the wale direction is investigated analytically in consideration of the large deformation of fabric sheet in critical configuration. The theory on instability of finite deformation is applied to the analysis. All the stress boundary conditions of knitted fabric sheet are satisfied. An equation to determine the buckling direction angle is derived. It is shown that there are two possible buckling modes, flexural mode and barreling mode. The buckling condition equations for the flexural mode and barreling mode are also obtained respectively. Numerical illustrations reveal that only the flexural mode can actually occur and the barreling mode cannot, which agrees with the experimental observations. For a permitted buckling mode on margin boundaries, the critical value of shear amount and the buckling direction angle can be determined.

Research on the Property of New Tricot Invisible Curtain Fabric

The new designed curtain fabric,whose two faces were covered by trilobal cross-sectional filament and dull polyester filament,was designed with three-bar tricot stitch,which possessed unique style with implicit grid effects.Tricot two-sided technology was adopted in this paper and the method of spectrophotometer was used to test the optical properties,including the light transmittance and reflectance of the technical face and back side of the samples in the ultraviolet,visible,and near-infrared band.The results show that the transmittance and invisible,anti-ultraviolet properties in the thin and single-layer fabric are improved.The fabric meets the qualifications in use of curtain material.

Web-Based Interactive Simulation of Weft Knitted Fabric

In order to realize parametric simulation of three-dimensional(3D)fabric structure based on web,a 3D model describing a plain knitted fabric,in which the cross-section of the yarn is circular shape and the path of the yarn is cubic B-spline curve,is proposed in this paper.With this model,the 3D simulation of the loop and of the basic structures of the knitted fabric is realized by using Virtual Reality Modeling Language(VRML).The virtual simulation scene is suitable for network transmission with freely available VRML browsers and can be translated,scaled and rotated quite arbitrarily.By using Java and External Authoring Interface(EAI)technology,the web-based interactive simulation platform of weft knitted fabric is established.The user can input type of structures,basic fabric parameters,and yarn colors interactively to obtain a more realistic simulation result in real-time.A new approach is provided to imitate the knitted fabric 3D appearance on network.

Adaptation of intestine-based microbial functions to bioethanol production

Animal intestine is a favorable habitat to microbes. It facilitates the evolution of dense and diversified microbial communities that are highly active and persistent throughout life span. Here, we stimulate this unique biosystem to develop high-efficient continuous bio-manufacturing processes. The pig small intestine was explored as a novel bioreactor with industrial Saccharornyces cerevisiae for biofuel production. Results showed that the small intestine was a beneficial material for cell adherence. The cells on the intestine exhibited the abilities of self- immobilization, self-duplication and self-repairing. Therefore the intestine-based S. cerevisiae could be continu- ously used for a long time at high metabolic activities. Both the fermentation speed and ethanol yield were im- proved. This study provides valuable insights into the functions of intestine-based biosystem and should inspire the development of bionic industrial processes. Future dissection of the interface mechanism and design of more bionic materials will make bioprocesses more economically favorable and environmentally sustainable.