PURPOSE: The secretion mechanism of peptide YY involves systemic factors, such as humoral and neural stimuli, and local factors, such as intestinal peristalsis and intraluminal nutrients. This study was designed to su...PURPOSE: The secretion mechanism of peptide YY involves systemic factors, such as humoral and neural stimuli, and local factors, such as intestinal peristalsis and intraluminal nutrients. This study was designed to survey the impact of local stimuli on the secretion of peptide YY under circumstances in which systemic stimuli are identical. METHODS: Ileostomies were repaired within three months in a short-term group (14 patients)- and after six months in a long-term group (14 patients). Mucosal peptide YY concentrations and cytomorphologic change, such as villus height, crypt depth, mucosal thickness, and villus index, were compared between proximal functioning ileum and a distal nonfunctioning ileal loop during ileostomy repair. In a control group of patients undergoing right hemicolectomy (21 cases), the normal distribution of pept-ide YY was measured in the mucosa throughout the distal ileum. RESULTS: The peak of peptide YY concentration in the terminal ileum was 307.4 ± 21 pmol/g, 25cm from the ileocecal valve, with lower levels both proximally and distally. The mucosa of the functioning ileum in the short-term group showed hypertrophy, but had returned to preoperative levels in the long-term group. The nonfunctioning mucosa in both groups underwent atrophic changes. The mucosal peptide YY content in functioning ileum in the short-term group was higher than that of distal nonfunctioning mucosa (363.9 ± 25.5 pmol/g vs. 284.1 ± 13 pmol/g, P < 0.05), suggesting adaptive upregulation. The increments of mucosal peptide YY content in this short-term group compared with the control group were 45.6 and 4.7 percent in the proximal and distal segments, respectively. In the long-term group, proximal and distal mucosal peptide YY were similar (256.6 ± 31.9 pmol/g vs. 254.9 ± 27.1 pmol/g, P > 0.05), and there was no increment in either (1.3 vs. 4.4 percent, P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The peak concentrations of PYY in the ileal mucosa are found 20 to 25 cm proximal to the ileocecal valve. In the short-term response of ileostomy, local stimulatory factors play a major role in the adaptation of mucosal PYY. In the defunctioned bowel without luminal stimulation, systemic stimulation was important for maintenance of mucosal PYY.展开更多
引物原位杂交(PRINS)和缩氨酸核酸荧光原位杂交(PNA-FISH)技术都可替代传统的荧光原位杂交(FISH)技术,用于染色体的研究。PRINS 反应的基本物是 DNA 聚合酶和引物原位扩展反应中的标引核苷。缩氨酸核酸探针是合成的不带电聚酰胺主链的 D...引物原位杂交(PRINS)和缩氨酸核酸荧光原位杂交(PNA-FISH)技术都可替代传统的荧光原位杂交(FISH)技术,用于染色体的研究。PRINS 反应的基本物是 DNA 聚合酶和引物原位扩展反应中的标引核苷。缩氨酸核酸探针是合成的不带电聚酰胺主链的 DNA 类似物。这两种技术特异、快速、识别能力强的优点使它们在细胞遗传学研究中很受欢迎。它们在人类精子研究中的应用使男性配子的染色体筛选过程得到新的快速发展,成为男性配子非整倍体原位评估中 FISH 技术的有效补充。展开更多
文摘PURPOSE: The secretion mechanism of peptide YY involves systemic factors, such as humoral and neural stimuli, and local factors, such as intestinal peristalsis and intraluminal nutrients. This study was designed to survey the impact of local stimuli on the secretion of peptide YY under circumstances in which systemic stimuli are identical. METHODS: Ileostomies were repaired within three months in a short-term group (14 patients)- and after six months in a long-term group (14 patients). Mucosal peptide YY concentrations and cytomorphologic change, such as villus height, crypt depth, mucosal thickness, and villus index, were compared between proximal functioning ileum and a distal nonfunctioning ileal loop during ileostomy repair. In a control group of patients undergoing right hemicolectomy (21 cases), the normal distribution of pept-ide YY was measured in the mucosa throughout the distal ileum. RESULTS: The peak of peptide YY concentration in the terminal ileum was 307.4 ± 21 pmol/g, 25cm from the ileocecal valve, with lower levels both proximally and distally. The mucosa of the functioning ileum in the short-term group showed hypertrophy, but had returned to preoperative levels in the long-term group. The nonfunctioning mucosa in both groups underwent atrophic changes. The mucosal peptide YY content in functioning ileum in the short-term group was higher than that of distal nonfunctioning mucosa (363.9 ± 25.5 pmol/g vs. 284.1 ± 13 pmol/g, P < 0.05), suggesting adaptive upregulation. The increments of mucosal peptide YY content in this short-term group compared with the control group were 45.6 and 4.7 percent in the proximal and distal segments, respectively. In the long-term group, proximal and distal mucosal peptide YY were similar (256.6 ± 31.9 pmol/g vs. 254.9 ± 27.1 pmol/g, P > 0.05), and there was no increment in either (1.3 vs. 4.4 percent, P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The peak concentrations of PYY in the ileal mucosa are found 20 to 25 cm proximal to the ileocecal valve. In the short-term response of ileostomy, local stimulatory factors play a major role in the adaptation of mucosal PYY. In the defunctioned bowel without luminal stimulation, systemic stimulation was important for maintenance of mucosal PYY.
文摘引物原位杂交(PRINS)和缩氨酸核酸荧光原位杂交(PNA-FISH)技术都可替代传统的荧光原位杂交(FISH)技术,用于染色体的研究。PRINS 反应的基本物是 DNA 聚合酶和引物原位扩展反应中的标引核苷。缩氨酸核酸探针是合成的不带电聚酰胺主链的 DNA 类似物。这两种技术特异、快速、识别能力强的优点使它们在细胞遗传学研究中很受欢迎。它们在人类精子研究中的应用使男性配子的染色体筛选过程得到新的快速发展,成为男性配子非整倍体原位评估中 FISH 技术的有效补充。
