Despite the increased incidence of tuberculosis related to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in recent decades, pancreatic tuberculosis has rarely been described. We report a case of pancreatic tuberculosis in a 39-y...Despite the increased incidence of tuberculosis related to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in recent decades, pancreatic tuberculosis has rarely been described. We report a case of pancreatic tuberculosis in a 39-year- old African man who presented with progressive dysphagia, vomiting, weight loss and productive cough, accompanied by localized epigastric pain and one episode of melena. HIV-1 testing was positive and lymphocyte subset profile showed CD4 count of 9/mm3. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan with contrast revealed a cystic mass in the body of the pancreas, significant portal and retroperitoneal cystic adenopathy, and multiple cystic lesions in the spleen and liver. CT guided cyst aspiration and node biopsy detected Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The patient responded well on antituberculosis and antiretroviral therapy. Tuberculosis rarely involves the pancreas, probably due to the presence of pancreatic enzymes which interfere with the seeding of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Pancreatic tuberculosis is considered to be the result of dissemination of the infection from nearby lymphatic nodes. Endoscopic ultrasound or CT guided fine needle aspiration for cytology is the recommended diagnostic technique. Although the prognosis is good with anti-tuberculosis treatment, it could be fatal without correct diagnosis and treatment. The clinician’s high index of suspicion of pancreatic tuberculosis and application of FNAB to obtain pathological evidence are extremely important to a correct diagnosis, especially in young HIV positive patients.展开更多
Objectives: To probe some more important factors affecting the HIV epidemic by surveying the relationshipbetween AIDS high risk behaviors and childhood status,attitude/perception to gender of male/sex orientation andr...Objectives: To probe some more important factors affecting the HIV epidemic by surveying the relationshipbetween AIDS high risk behaviors and childhood status,attitude/perception to gender of male/sex orientation andrare experiences/Psy-chology among Chinese gays. Methods: Data were collected from 240 Chinese gays whowere attracted by their same gender. Results: The extent of sex among China's Mainland gays issimilar to that of industrialized countries, and behaviorsthat exacerbate the HIV epidemic are universal.Perceptions 'being a girl is better',' Dislike toys likeswords or pistols in early childhood were predictors topassive anal intercourse in adulthood. Those gay men whobegan sexual intercourse younger than 16 years old tendedto have more sex partners and suffered more pain. Thosedisliked gender of male or self-regarded as female tended tohave more passive anal intercourse and related to childhoodcross-gender experience/psychology while those were raised as girls by their parentsdid not take on e above characters. Individuals who experienced sex coercion and drug abuse were the twosubgroups with the greatest high-risk behaviors. Individualswho had sex with females had the greatest number of malesex partners and were more prone to group sex. Individualswith pedophilia or gerontophilia had more casual sexpartners. Psychological problems encountered by Chinese Conclusions: The prospect of an extensive AIDSepidemic among Chinese gays does exist and somesubgroups of gays play more important roles in theepidemic. Some high risk behaviors among adult gays canbe foreseen explicitly by the predictors taking on inchildhood, and closely relate to attitude/perception, togender of male, to some rare experience/psychology.展开更多
Objectives: To describe and analyze risk factors associatedwith disuse of condoms during commercial sexual intercourseamong clients attending sauna and massage centers. Methods: Selected female sex workers from saunas...Objectives: To describe and analyze risk factors associatedwith disuse of condoms during commercial sexual intercourseamong clients attending sauna and massage centers. Methods: Selected female sex workers from saunas andbeauty parlors were trained as interviewers. They surveyedclients during provision of sexual services. Informationcollected included customers' demographics, knowledge ofSTDs, rationale for and history of condom use. Risk factorsfor condom usage were assessed though logistical modeling.Results: A total of 50 clients were interviewed. The rates ofcondom usage for last sexual intercourse with commercial andnon-commercial partners were 57% and 53% for clients ofsauna centers and 30% and 40% for clients of beauty parlors,respectively. The choice to use a condom was influenced byclients 60.8% of the time, sex workers 30.4%, and otherfactors 8.8%. The choice against using a condom was decidedupon by clients 69.7% of the time, sex workers 9.1%, andother factors 21.2%. Multivariate analysis showed thateducational level and perception of risk of infection werefactors for condom use. Clients with a high school educationhad a higher condom use rate than those with a middle schooleducation or less. Furthermore, clients who perceived risk ofdisease used condoms more frequently than those who did not.Conclusions: Clients played a significant role in decidingwhether or not to use a condom during commercial sex. Lackof perception of risk is a major factor for not using condoms.A program for promotion of prophylactics targeting bothcommercial sex workers and their clients is recommended.展开更多
Adding a U（1） symmetry breaking term √V（λ1a0 ＋ λ1＊a0） ＋ √V（λ2b0 ＋ λ2＊b0） to Bogoliubov＇s truncated Hamiltonian HB for a weakly interacting coupled Bose system, by using the mean-field approximation r...Adding a U（1） symmetry breaking term √V（λ1a0 ＋ λ1＊a0） ＋ √V（λ2b0 ＋ λ2＊b0） to Bogoliubov＇s truncated Hamiltonian HB for a weakly interacting coupled Bose system, by using the mean-field approximation rather than the c-number approximation, we And that, via a Feshbach resonance at zero temperature, the states of the coupled Bose system are generalized SU（1,1） SU（1,1） coherent states. The Bose-Einstein condensation occurs in response to the spontaneous U（1） symmetry breaking.展开更多
Objective:To make a summary of the trends of HIV/AIDS epidemic and route of transmission in Shenzhen from 1992 to 2000 to provide scientific evidence for the policy-maker to formulate strategies of HIV/AIDS prevention...Objective:To make a summary of the trends of HIV/AIDS epidemic and route of transmission in Shenzhen from 1992 to 2000 to provide scientific evidence for the policy-maker to formulate strategies of HIV/AIDS prevention and control in Shenzhen.Method:To analyze HIV/AIDS surveillance data in Shenzhen from 1992 to 2000 by software Epi-Info. Results: One hundred and two HIV positive cases including 18 AIDS cases (three cases deceased) were identified in Shenzhen from 1992 to 2000. Among the 102 cases, those infected via sex were 46.0%, intravenous drug use 42.9%.Blood donation 7.8%, blood transfusion recipient 3.9%, and indeterminate 2%. Conclusion: In Shenzhen, HIV/AIDS infection is spreading and increasing rapidly. Effective prevention measures must be taken to reduce the HIV prevalence as soon as possible.展开更多
Objective: The aim in this study was to identify the allelicfrequencies of the chemokine (SDF1-3'A) and chemokinereceptor (CCR5△32, CCR5m303 and CCR2-64I) genesresistant to HIV-1 infection and/or disease progress...Objective: The aim in this study was to identify the allelicfrequencies of the chemokine (SDF1-3'A) and chemokinereceptor (CCR5△32, CCR5m303 and CCR2-64I) genesresistant to HIV-1 infection and/or disease progression inindigenous Chinese populations. Methods: By using QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit, thegenomic DNA samples were purified from whole peripheralblood of healthy individuals (n=2067) from Han, Uygur,Mongolian and Tibetan ethnic groups, as well as Han patientsincluding HIV-1 carriers (n=330), patients with other sexuallytransmitted diseases (STDs, n=259) and intravenous drugusers (IVDUs, n=125). The allelic polymorphisms wereidentified by means of PCR or PCR-RFLP analyses. Thesequences of randomly selected amplified PCR products werefurther confirmed by direct DNA sequencing. Results: The mutant frequencies were identified to be0%～3.48% for CCR5△32, 0% for CCR5m303,19.15%～28.79% for CCR2-64 and 19.10%～28.73% for SDF1-3'A alleles, respectively, in Chinese healthy individuals fromfour ethnic groups. Our findings indicated the allelicfrequencies vary among the different ethnic groups.Furthermore, the HIV-1 carriers, STD cases and IVDUs (all ofHan ethnicity) were found to have the allelic frequencies of0%～0.19% (CCR5△32), 0% (CCR5m303), 19.31%～20.45%(CCR2-64) and 25.61%～26.83% (SDF1-3'A) with minorvariations in their frequencies between the patients andhealthy Han groups. There was no CCR5-m303 mutationfound in any subject in this study. Conclusion: The examined subjects of four Chinese ethnicorigins showed lower frequencies of CCR5△32 andCCR5m303 alleles, but higher frequencies of mutant CCR2-64I and SDF1-3'A alleles compared to those identified innorthern-European and American Caucasians. Thesignificance of the different frequencies and polymorphisms ofthe above alleles in Chinese populations needs to be furtherexamined in HIV-1/AIDS diseases.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the humoral immune induction in rats of a candidate AIDS vaccine expressing the gag p24 gene froma subtype B HIV-1 isolate. Methods: The amplified p24 gene was inserted into aneukaryotic express...Objective: To evaluate the humoral immune induction in rats of a candidate AIDS vaccine expressing the gag p24 gene froma subtype B HIV-1 isolate. Methods: The amplified p24 gene was inserted into aneukaryotic expression vector to form the supercoiled DNAvaccine. The linearized expressed DNA vaccine was preparedfrom the expression plasmid by polymerase chain reaction(PCR). The antigen gene expression in rats of the linearizedand supercoiled DNA vaccines were in vitro and in vivodetected. Results: In vitro transcription and Northern hybridizationshowed that the linearized DNA vaccine could synthesizeamounts or p24 mRNA similar to the supercoiled DNA vaccine.Antibody assays of inoculated rats confirmed that thelinearized expression DNA could induce a slightly higherantibody titer than the expression plasmid, while the highestautibody titer had been induced by plasmid plus adjuvantinoculation. Conclusion: The construction of a candidate AIDS vaccinebased on the p24 gene could shed light on a potential IV vaccine, meriting evaluation in a rhesus macaque SHIV-AIDSmodel.展开更多
We reexamine the charged AdS domain wall solution to the Einstein-Abelian-Higgs model proposed by Gubser et al. as holographic superconductors at quantum critical points and comment on their statement about the unique...We reexamine the charged AdS domain wall solution to the Einstein-Abelian-Higgs model proposed by Gubser et al. as holographic superconductors at quantum critical points and comment on their statement about the uniqueness of gravity solutions. We generalize their explorations from （3 ＋ 1）-dimensions to arbitrary n -b 1Ds and find that the n ＋1≥5D charged AdS domain walls are unstable against electric perturbations.展开更多
文摘Despite the increased incidence of tuberculosis related to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in recent decades, pancreatic tuberculosis has rarely been described. We report a case of pancreatic tuberculosis in a 39-year- old African man who presented with progressive dysphagia, vomiting, weight loss and productive cough, accompanied by localized epigastric pain and one episode of melena. HIV-1 testing was positive and lymphocyte subset profile showed CD4 count of 9/mm3. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan with contrast revealed a cystic mass in the body of the pancreas, significant portal and retroperitoneal cystic adenopathy, and multiple cystic lesions in the spleen and liver. CT guided cyst aspiration and node biopsy detected Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The patient responded well on antituberculosis and antiretroviral therapy. Tuberculosis rarely involves the pancreas, probably due to the presence of pancreatic enzymes which interfere with the seeding of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Pancreatic tuberculosis is considered to be the result of dissemination of the infection from nearby lymphatic nodes. Endoscopic ultrasound or CT guided fine needle aspiration for cytology is the recommended diagnostic technique. Although the prognosis is good with anti-tuberculosis treatment, it could be fatal without correct diagnosis and treatment. The clinician’s high index of suspicion of pancreatic tuberculosis and application of FNAB to obtain pathological evidence are extremely important to a correct diagnosis, especially in young HIV positive patients.
文摘Objectives: To probe some more important factors affecting the HIV epidemic by surveying the relationshipbetween AIDS high risk behaviors and childhood status,attitude/perception to gender of male/sex orientation andrare experiences/Psy-chology among Chinese gays. Methods: Data were collected from 240 Chinese gays whowere attracted by their same gender. Results: The extent of sex among China's Mainland gays issimilar to that of industrialized countries, and behaviorsthat exacerbate the HIV epidemic are universal.Perceptions 'being a girl is better',' Dislike toys likeswords or pistols in early childhood were predictors topassive anal intercourse in adulthood. Those gay men whobegan sexual intercourse younger than 16 years old tendedto have more sex partners and suffered more pain. Thosedisliked gender of male or self-regarded as female tended tohave more passive anal intercourse and related to childhoodcross-gender experience/psychology while those were raised as girls by their parentsdid not take on e above characters. Individuals who experienced sex coercion and drug abuse were the twosubgroups with the greatest high-risk behaviors. Individualswho had sex with females had the greatest number of malesex partners and were more prone to group sex. Individualswith pedophilia or gerontophilia had more casual sexpartners. Psychological problems encountered by Chinese Conclusions: The prospect of an extensive AIDSepidemic among Chinese gays does exist and somesubgroups of gays play more important roles in theepidemic. Some high risk behaviors among adult gays canbe foreseen explicitly by the predictors taking on inchildhood, and closely relate to attitude/perception, togender of male, to some rare experience/psychology.
基金This study was supported by China National Center for AIDS Prevention and Control and Peking Union School of Public Health.
文摘Objectives: To describe and analyze risk factors associatedwith disuse of condoms during commercial sexual intercourseamong clients attending sauna and massage centers. Methods: Selected female sex workers from saunas andbeauty parlors were trained as interviewers. They surveyedclients during provision of sexual services. Informationcollected included customers' demographics, knowledge ofSTDs, rationale for and history of condom use. Risk factorsfor condom usage were assessed though logistical modeling.Results: A total of 50 clients were interviewed. The rates ofcondom usage for last sexual intercourse with commercial andnon-commercial partners were 57% and 53% for clients ofsauna centers and 30% and 40% for clients of beauty parlors,respectively. The choice to use a condom was influenced byclients 60.8% of the time, sex workers 30.4%, and otherfactors 8.8%. The choice against using a condom was decidedupon by clients 69.7% of the time, sex workers 9.1%, andother factors 21.2%. Multivariate analysis showed thateducational level and perception of risk of infection werefactors for condom use. Clients with a high school educationhad a higher condom use rate than those with a middle schooleducation or less. Furthermore, clients who perceived risk ofdisease used condoms more frequently than those who did not.Conclusions: Clients played a significant role in decidingwhether or not to use a condom during commercial sex. Lackof perception of risk is a major factor for not using condoms.A program for promotion of prophylactics targeting bothcommercial sex workers and their clients is recommended.
文摘Adding a U（1） symmetry breaking term √V（λ1a0 ＋ λ1＊a0） ＋ √V（λ2b0 ＋ λ2＊b0） to Bogoliubov＇s truncated Hamiltonian HB for a weakly interacting coupled Bose system, by using the mean-field approximation rather than the c-number approximation, we And that, via a Feshbach resonance at zero temperature, the states of the coupled Bose system are generalized SU（1,1） SU（1,1） coherent states. The Bose-Einstein condensation occurs in response to the spontaneous U（1） symmetry breaking.
文摘Objective:To make a summary of the trends of HIV/AIDS epidemic and route of transmission in Shenzhen from 1992 to 2000 to provide scientific evidence for the policy-maker to formulate strategies of HIV/AIDS prevention and control in Shenzhen.Method:To analyze HIV/AIDS surveillance data in Shenzhen from 1992 to 2000 by software Epi-Info. Results: One hundred and two HIV positive cases including 18 AIDS cases (three cases deceased) were identified in Shenzhen from 1992 to 2000. Among the 102 cases, those infected via sex were 46.0%, intravenous drug use 42.9%.Blood donation 7.8%, blood transfusion recipient 3.9%, and indeterminate 2%. Conclusion: In Shenzhen, HIV/AIDS infection is spreading and increasing rapidly. Effective prevention measures must be taken to reduce the HIV prevalence as soon as possible.
基金This project was supported by grant from National Natural Sciences Foundation of the PR China(39770683)
文摘Objective: The aim in this study was to identify the allelicfrequencies of the chemokine (SDF1-3'A) and chemokinereceptor (CCR5△32, CCR5m303 and CCR2-64I) genesresistant to HIV-1 infection and/or disease progression inindigenous Chinese populations. Methods: By using QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit, thegenomic DNA samples were purified from whole peripheralblood of healthy individuals (n=2067) from Han, Uygur,Mongolian and Tibetan ethnic groups, as well as Han patientsincluding HIV-1 carriers (n=330), patients with other sexuallytransmitted diseases (STDs, n=259) and intravenous drugusers (IVDUs, n=125). The allelic polymorphisms wereidentified by means of PCR or PCR-RFLP analyses. Thesequences of randomly selected amplified PCR products werefurther confirmed by direct DNA sequencing. Results: The mutant frequencies were identified to be0%～3.48% for CCR5△32, 0% for CCR5m303,19.15%～28.79% for CCR2-64 and 19.10%～28.73% for SDF1-3'A alleles, respectively, in Chinese healthy individuals fromfour ethnic groups. Our findings indicated the allelicfrequencies vary among the different ethnic groups.Furthermore, the HIV-1 carriers, STD cases and IVDUs (all ofHan ethnicity) were found to have the allelic frequencies of0%～0.19% (CCR5△32), 0% (CCR5m303), 19.31%～20.45%(CCR2-64) and 25.61%～26.83% (SDF1-3'A) with minorvariations in their frequencies between the patients andhealthy Han groups. There was no CCR5-m303 mutationfound in any subject in this study. Conclusion: The examined subjects of four Chinese ethnicorigins showed lower frequencies of CCR5△32 andCCR5m303 alleles, but higher frequencies of mutant CCR2-64I and SDF1-3'A alleles compared to those identified innorthern-European and American Caucasians. Thesignificance of the different frequencies and polymorphisms ofthe above alleles in Chinese populations needs to be furtherexamined in HIV-1/AIDS diseases.
基金Financially supported by Natural Science Foundation of China(No 39870725)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong(No 980642)Research Foundation of Guangdong Education Buresu(No.20032).
文摘Objective: To evaluate the humoral immune induction in rats of a candidate AIDS vaccine expressing the gag p24 gene froma subtype B HIV-1 isolate. Methods: The amplified p24 gene was inserted into aneukaryotic expression vector to form the supercoiled DNAvaccine. The linearized expressed DNA vaccine was preparedfrom the expression plasmid by polymerase chain reaction(PCR). The antigen gene expression in rats of the linearizedand supercoiled DNA vaccines were in vitro and in vivodetected. Results: In vitro transcription and Northern hybridizationshowed that the linearized DNA vaccine could synthesizeamounts or p24 mRNA similar to the supercoiled DNA vaccine.Antibody assays of inoculated rats confirmed that thelinearized expression DNA could induce a slightly higherantibody titer than the expression plasmid, while the highestautibody titer had been induced by plasmid plus adjuvantinoculation. Conclusion: The construction of a candidate AIDS vaccinebased on the p24 gene could shed light on a potential IV vaccine, meriting evaluation in a rhesus macaque SHIV-AIDSmodel.
基金Supported by Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation under Grant No.Z2006015201001
文摘We reexamine the charged AdS domain wall solution to the Einstein-Abelian-Higgs model proposed by Gubser et al. as holographic superconductors at quantum critical points and comment on their statement about the uniqueness of gravity solutions. We generalize their explorations from （3 ＋ 1）-dimensions to arbitrary n -b 1Ds and find that the n ＋1≥5D charged AdS domain walls are unstable against electric perturbations.
