缺铁失绿的苹果幼苗叶片中核酸和蛋白质代谢的变化

缺铁失绿苹果幼苗叶片中DNA、RNA含量明显下降。试验证明,这是合成下降和分解加快两方面的总效应。失绿叶片的25S、23S和16S rRNA下降也较大。另外,小分子量RNA影响也较大。叶片可溶性蛋白质含量也明显下降,试验表明,这也是合成下降和分解加快两方面的总结果。叶片游离氨基酸的含量增加,氮基酸组分也发生的深刻的变化,其中精氨酸明显升高。

氧缺位铁酸盐MFe_2O_(4-δ)的性质研究

使用ＸＲＤ、Ｍｏｓｓｂａｕｅｒ谱及化学组成分析考察了氧缺位铁酸盐ＭＦｅ２Ｏ４－δ（δ＞０，Ｍ＝Ｆｅ，Ｃｏ，Ｍｎ，Ｎｉ）的晶格常数、磁性、稳定性及还原性．结果表明，氧缺位铁酸盐ＭＦｅ２Ｏ４－δ（δ＞０）的晶格常数比ＭＦｅ２Ｏ４＋δ（δ≥０）的大，Ｍｏｓｓｂａｕｅｒ谱内磁场却更小．ＭＦｅ２Ｏ４－δ（δ＞０）随着氧缺位程度δ的增大，晶格常数增大，内磁场减小．ＭＦｅ２Ｏ４－δ在室温下空气中是不稳定的，只能在惰性气体中低温（＜６７３Ｋ）下稳定存在．ＭＦｅ２Ｏ４－δ具有较强的还原能力，在５７３Ｋ下能将ＣＯ２还原成Ｃ．

氧缺位铁酸盐MFe_2O_(4-δ)的制备条件研究

使用ＸＲＤ、Ｍｏｓｓｂａｕｅｒ谱结合化学分析考查了５７３Ｋ下还原时间对空气氧化碱性悬浮液合成的铁酸盐ＭＦｅ２Ｏ４＋δ（δ≥０）的物相、晶格常数及化学组成的影响，得出了制备氧缺位铁酸盐ＭＦｅ２Ｏ４－δ（δ＞０）的最佳条件。结果表明，在５７３Ｋ下制备ＭＦｅ２Ｏ４－δ的最佳还原时间按Ｆｅ、Ｃｏ、Ｍｎ、Ｎｉ顺序分别为１０ｈ、３ｈ、４０ｍｉｎ和３０ｍｉｎ，氧缺位程度及晶格常数在最佳还原时间之前随还原时间增长而增大，在接近最佳还原时间时达到极大值。ＭＦｅ２Ｏ４－δ的极大值δ按Ｆｅ、Ｃｏ、Ｍｎ、Ｎｉ顺序减小，超过最佳还原时间ＭＦｅ２Ｏ４－δ将分解为α－Ｆｅ（Ｍ＝Ｆｅ）或ＭＯ－ＦｅＯ（Ｍ＝Ｃｏ、Ｍｎ、Ｎｉ）。

缺位型多钼酸盐改性棉织物的制备及抗紫外性能

以乙二胺螯合棉纤维对棉织物进行氨基化改性,再通过原位合成法将Na4Mo10O32·8H2O合成到改性棉织物上,探讨多酸用量、反应时间及二次生长时间等,得到具有抗紫外性能的功能性棉织物。用扫描电镜、红外光谱及抗紫外仪表征Na4Mo10O32·8H2O在棉织物上的原位生长情况及其抗紫外性能。结果表明,缺位多钼酸盐可在棉织物上原位生长,改性棉织物的UPF值均达到100+,UVA和UVB透过率均小于2%,具有优异的抗紫外效果。

新颖四核镍夹心的杂化锗钨酸盐的合成、结构与表征(英文)

在水热条件下合成了一个新颖的夹心结构四核镍有机-无机杂化锗钨酸盐[Ni(dien)(H2O)3]2.[Ni(Hdien)2]{[Ni(dien)]2Ni4(H2O)2(GeW9O34)2}.10H2O(1),利用X射线单晶衍射确定了其结构,并通过红外光谱、热重、X射线粉末衍射、X射线能谱和元素分析对其进行了表征.其晶体属三斜晶系,P1,a=1.1937(3)nm,b=1.4323(3)nm,c=1.6394(4)nm,α=93.424(2)°,β=96.058(3)°,γ=109.758(4)°,V=2.6094(1)nm3,Z=1.X射线单晶衍射结果表明,化合物1是由夹心构型的多阴离子通过镍-二乙烯三胺配阳离子连接形成的一维线性结构.

铁酸盐分解SO2的研究

研究在不同条件下CO还原磁铁矿粉制备Fe3O4-δ,及其分解SО2成单质硫(S)的能力。样品用水作溶剂经湿法球磨500h制备,采用SEM、XRD等手段对制备的样品进行表征。通过检测系统压力变化研究Fe3O4-δ分解SО2成S的能力。研究结果表明,随着制备样品的还原条件的变化,其分解SО2的能力呈单峰规律。在CO流量为40mL/min,还原时间为6h,还原温度为673K时,制备的Fe3O4-δ分解SО2能力最强。每克磁铁矿样品分解SО2为1.414×10-3mol。在此分解过程中伴有FeS2生成。

产多黏菌素B突变株的推理育种

对产生黏菌素的多黏芽孢杆菌(Bacillus polymyxa)JSIM-211进行紫外诱变,得到能在不含苯丙氨酸的最小培养基上生长的突变株。对该突变株再次诱变,得到新的酪氨酸营养缺陷型突变株。这些新的突变株经发酵筛选,得到一个良好的多黏菌素B产生菌。

Role of bisphosphonates in osteoporosis caused by adult growth hormone deficiency

In recent years,growth hormone and insulin-like growth factors have become key regulators of bone metabolism and remodeling,crucial for maintaining healthy bone mass throughout life.Studies have shown that adult growth hormone deficiency leads to alterations in bone remodeling,significantly affecting bone microarchitecture and increasing fracture risk.Although recombinant human growth hormone replacement therapy can mitigate these adverse effects,improving bone density,and reduce fracture risk,its effectiveness in treating osteoporosis,especially in adults with established growth hormone deficiency,seems limited.Bisphosphonates inhibit bone resorption by targeting farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase in osteoclasts,and clinical trials have confirmed their efficacy in improving osteoporosis.Therefore,for adult growth hormone deficiency patients with osteoporosis,the use of bisphosphonates alongside growth hormone replacement therapy is recommended.

基于[α-A-GeW_9O_(34)]^(10-)为配体的四核Ce(Ⅳ)配合物合成、结构及性质研究

在醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲溶液中,使用[α-A-GeW_9O_(34)]^(10-)代替[α-A-PW_9O_(34)]^(9-)配体,成功合成了新型结构的Ce(Ⅳ)夹心型配合物((NH_4)Na_2H_7[Ce_4O_2(CH_3COO)_2(α-AGeW_9O_(34))_2]·17H_2O),通过元素分析、X射线单晶衍射、IR、TG、NMR和XPS等表征技术确定了配合物组成和结构,研究了配合物的电化学性质.在配合物中Ce(Ⅳ)有2种配位模式,每个Ce(1)与2个缺位多酸的6个氧、2个三桥氧配位连接,每个Ce(2)与2个缺位多酸的5个氧、1个三桥氧和醋酸根中的2个氧配位连接,分别形成八配位四方反棱柱结构.通过对配合物的电化学分析发现,与硝酸铈铵相比,配合物中Ce(Ⅳ/Ⅲ)的阳极峰电势由0.906V减小至0.877V,证明多酸阴离子配体有稳定Ce(Ⅳ)的作用.

Effects of Exogenous Organic Acids on Dehydrogenase Activity in Dark Brown Forest Soils under Nutrient Deficiency

Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of exogenous or-ganic acids on dehydrogenase activity in dark brown forest soils under nutrient defi-ciency. [Method] Different proportions of A1 and B horizon dark brown forest soils （A1∶B=1∶2） were utilized to establish soil conditions with nutrient deficiency for cultivation of Larix olgensis seedlings. The effects of oxalic acid, citric acid and succinic acid on dehydrogenase activity in dark brown forest soils under nutrient deficiency were studied systematical y by adding different concentrations of organic acid solutions. [Result] Under nutrient deficiency, dehydrogenase activity in dark brown forest soils was reduced significantly, and the reduction increased with the extension of stress duration. Most organic acid treatments improved dehydrogenase activity in nutrient-deficient dark brown forest soils, and the effects varied with different treatment du-ration and types and concentrations of organic acids. Furthermore, 10.0, 5.0 and 10.0 mmol/L organic acid treatments exhibited the most significant effects on day 10, 20 and 30, respectively. The increment of dehydrogenase activity in different durations showed a downward trend of 30 d〉20 d〉10 d; the improvement effects of three organic acids on dehydrogenase activity showed a downward trend of succinic acid〉 citric acid〉oxalic acid. [Conclusion] Exogenous organic acids improved signifi-cantly dehydrogenase activity in dark brown forest soils under nutrient deficiency and also improved the microbial activity and soil fertility to a certain extent.

Protective Effects of Sodium Magnesium Fructose Diphosphate on Brain Damage of Rats Subjected to Focal Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion

Objective: To study the effects of sodium magnesiusm fructose diphosphate(FDPM) on brain damage of rats after ischemia-reperfusion. Methods: Rats were subjected to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion induced by inserting a nylon thread into internal carotid artery to block the origin of middle cerebral artery and removing the thread later. FDPM (400 mg·kg -1), fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP, 400 mg·kg -1)and magnesium sulfate (MgSO 4, 30 mg·kg -1) were administrated 10 min after the onset of ischemia. Neurological scale, brain infarct area, Malondialdehyde(MDA) content and histopathological changes of brain tissue were studied. Results: FDPM decreased neurological scale, diminished brain infarct area, reduced MDA content and relieved histopathological change of rat brain tissue subjected to ischemia-reperfusion. These effects were more powerful than that of FDP or MgSO 4. Conclusions: It is suggested that FDPM markedly prevented rats against brain damage after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, and its effect was better than that of FDP or MgSO 4.

NiFe_2O_4直接分解二氧化碳成碳循环反应过程结构演变研究

用XRDRietveld分析法 ,对共沉淀法制备的NiFe2 O4在H2 /CO2 循环反应中的结构演变进行研究 ,发现随着循环反应次数的增加 ,NiFe2 O4物相的含量逐渐降低 ,FexNi1 -x物相的含量及其 ( 2 0 0 )衍射的平均晶粒逐渐增大 ,并出现Fe3C物相 ,其含量增长较快 .纯NiFe2 O4经 1 5次循环反应后 ,体系中NiFe2 O4物相的含量只剩下 5 %左右 ,样品基本失去分解CO2 的活性 .NiFe2 O4掺杂 4%铬后 ,明显提高了NiFe2 O4骨架结构的稳定性 ,虽经 5 0次H2 /CO2 循环反应 ,体系中NiFe2 O4物相含量仍然有 2 0 % ,分解CO2 的活性仍达到初始活性的 40 % .

Effects of Exogenous Organic Acids on Phosphorus Availability of Dark Brown Forest Soils and Phosphorus Absorption and Accumulation of Larix olgensis Seedlings with Nutrient Deficiency

Different proportions of A1 and B horizons dark brown forest soils （A1∶B=1∶2） were utilized to set the soil nutrient deficient conditions, and Larix olgensis seedlings were cultivated. By simulating organic acids concentrations in forest litter leachates of northeast China, the effects and mechanism of different concentrations of organic acid solutions on phosphorus （P） availability of dark brown forest soils and P absorption of Larix olgensis seedlings with nutrient deficiency were studied. The results showed that, compared with A1 horizon soils, available P contents of mixed soils in A1 and B horizons decreased, and P accumulation and efficiency of P uptake in root and leaves of Larix olgensis seedlings also decreased, but efficiency of P utilization increased. After treatments of exogenous organic acids, available P contents of mixed soils increased and the impact sequence of different organic acids were succinic acid 〉 citric acid 〉 oxalic acid; the concentration of 5.0 mmol/L had the best function, and the best effect of organic acids was at 20 d. Organic acids also increased P accumulation and efficiency of P uptake in roots and leaves of Larix olgensis seedlings, but decreased efficiency of P utilization. The impact strength of organic acids on P accumulation and efficiency of P uptake varied with treatment time, type and concentration of organic acids. The results of 20 d and 30 d in roots were higher than those of 10 d, however, the results of 10 d and 20 d in leaves were higher than those of 30 d, thus, at the earlier stage of organic acids treatments, more P absorbed were transferred to leaves, and at the later stage, more P would be accumulated in roots. The concentration of 10.0 mmol/L had the best function, and the impact sequence of different organic acids was succinic acid 〉 citric acid 〉 oxalic acid. Therefore, organic acids might contribute to P absorption and accumulation by Larix olgensis seedlings, final y increasing the adaptability and endurance of Larix olgensis seedlings to nutrient deficient soils.

Effects of Water─soluble Components Isolated from Salviamilltiorrhiza on Oxygen Free Radical Generation and LipidPeroxidation

The effects of water─soluble components isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza on oxygen free radical prodction and lipid peroxidation were estimated. Five components(10 μmol/L)were shown to inhibit superoxide anion generation by xanthine─xanthine oxidase system. It was also demonstrated that six components( 100 μmol/L) prevented H_2O_2─induced hemolysis and MDA fonnation in mouse erythrocytes.The effects of Sal A, Sal B, Sal C and Ros A were dose dependent. In Langendorff rat heart, pretreatment with Sal A 20μmol/L significantly prevented MDA production induced by 30 min reoxygenation after 45 min anoxia.The results indicated that there were also other potent antioxidant componentts in Salvia milliorrhiza besides Dphl and Pal. The protection of Sal A against myocardial anoxiareoxygenation inury may be mainly ascribed to its oxygen free radical scavenging activity.

Construction and Application of Plasmid pUC19-CM-D

[Objective] The aims were to construct a new suicide plasmid of Lactobacillus and gene deletion engineering bacteria of Lactobacillus with pUC19 vector. [Methods] pUC19-CM was constructed by inserting a chloramphenicol resistant gene into the multi-cloning site of pUC19,and then two homologous fragments were cloned into each side of the pUC19-CM to construct suicide plasmid pUC19-CM-D. [Results] A replacement mutant strain,whose target gene was replaced by resistant gene,could be obtained by transforming the suicide plasmid pUC19-CM-D into Lactobacillus for resistance screening. [Conclusion] The construction and application of pUC19-CM-D provided a fast and efficient means of construction of gene deletion engineering bacteria of Lactobacillus,and laid a foundation for study of gene function of Lactobacillus.

Ginkgo biloba extract(EGb 761) attenuates lung injury induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion in rats:Roles of oxidative stress and nitric oxide

AIM： To investigate the effect of ginkgo biloba extract （EGb 761） on lung injury induced by intestinal ischemia/ reperfusion （ Ⅱ/R）. METHODS： The rat model of Ⅱ/R injury was produced by damping the superior mesenteric artery for 60 min followed by reperfusion for 180 min. The rats were randomly allocated into sham, Ⅱ/R, and EGb ＋Ⅱ/R groups. In EGb ＋Ⅱ/R group, EGb 761 （100 mg/kg per day） was given via a gastric tube for 7 consecutive days prior to surgery. Rats in Ⅱ/R and sham groups were treated with equal volumes of the vehicle of EGb 761. Lung injury was assessed by light microscopy, wet-todry lung weight ratio （W/D） and pulmonary permeability index （PPT）. The levels of malondialdehyde （MDA） and nitrite/nitrate （NO2/NO3）, as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and myeloperoxidase （MPO） were examined. Western blot was used to determine the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS）. RESULTS： EGb 761 markedly improved mean arterial pressure and attenuated lung injury, manifested by the improvement of histological changes and significant decreases of pulmonary W/D and PPT （P 〈 0.05 or 0.01）.Moreover, EGb 761 markedly increased SOD activity, reduced MDA levels and MPO activity, and suppressed NO generation accompanied by down-regulation of iNOS expression （P 〈 0.05 or 0.01）. CONCLUSION： The results indicate that EGb 761 has a protective effect on lung injury induced by Ⅱ /R, which may be related to its antioxidant property and suppressions of neutrophil accumulation and iNOS- induced NO generation. EGb 761 seems to be an effective therapeutic agent for critically ill patients with respiratory failure related to Ⅱ/R.

Effect of atrial natriuretic peptide on ischemia-reperfusion injury in a porcine total hepatic vascular exclusion model

AIM： To evaluate the effect of ANP on warm I/R injury in a porcine THVE model.METHODS： Miniature pigs （mini-pigs） weighing 16-24 kg were observed for 120 min after reperfusion following 120 min of THVE. The animals were divided into two groups. ANP （0.1 μg/kg per min） was administered to the ANP group （n = 7）, and vehicle was administered to the control group （n = 7）. Either vehicle or ANP was intravenously administered from 30 min before the THVE to the end of the experiment. Arterial blood was collected to measure AST, LDH, and TNF-α. Hepatic tissue blood flow （HTBF） was also measured. Liver specimens were harvested for p38 MAPK analysis and histological study. Those results were compared between the two groups.RESULTS： The AST and LDH levels were lower in the ANP group than in the control group; the AST levels were significantly different between the two groups （60 min： 568.7 ± 113.3 vs 321.6 ± 60.1, P = 0.038 〈 0.05, 120 rain： 673.6± 148.2 vs 281.1±44.8, P = 0.004 〈 0.01）. No significant difference was observed in the TNF-α levels between the two groups. HTBF was higher in the ANP group, but the difference was not significant. A significantly higher level of phosphorylated p38 MAPK was observed in the ANP group compared to the control group （0min： 2.92± 1.1 vs 6.38 ±1.1,,P= 0.011 〈 0.05）.Histological tissue damage was milder in the ANP group than in the control group.CONCLUSION： Our results show that ANP has a protective role in I/R injury with p38 MAPK activation in a porcine THVE model.

Constitutive androstane receptor agonist, TCPOBOP,attenuates steatohepatitis in the methionine choline-deficientdiet-fed mouse

AIM： To ascertain whether constitutive androstane receptor （CAR） activation by 1,4-bis-[2-（3,5,- dichloropyridyloxy）] benzene （TCPOBOP） modulates steatohepatitis in the methionine choline-deficient （MCD） diet-fed animal.METHODS： C57/BL6 wild-type mice were fed the MCD or standard diet for 2 wk and were treated with either the CAR agonist, TCPOBOP, or the CAR inverse agonist, androstanol.RESULTS： Expression of CYP2B10 and CYP3A11, known CAR target genes, increased 30-fold and 45-fold, respectively, in TCPOBOP-treated mice fed the MCD diet. TCPOBOP treatment reduced hepatic steatosis （44.6 ＋ 5.4% vs 30.4 ＋ 4.5%, P 〈 0.05） and serum triglyceride levels （48 ＋ 8 vs 20 ＋ 1 mg/dL, P 〈 0.05） in MCD diet- fed mice as compared with the standard diet-fed mice. This reduction in hepatic steatosis was accompanied by an increase in enzymes involved in fatty acid microsomal co-oxidation and peroxisomal p-oxidation, namely CYP4A10, LPBE, and 3-ketoacyI-CoA thiolase. The reduction in steatosis was also accompanied by a reduction in liver cell apoptosis and inflammation. In contrast, androstanol was without effect on any of the above parameters.CONCLUSION： CAR activation stimulates induction of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation, and ameliorates hepatic steatosis, apoptosis and inflammation.

Nitrous Oxide and Methane Emissions as Affected by Water,Soil and Nitrogen

Specific management of water regimes, soil and N in China might play an important role in regulating N2O and CH4 emissions in rice fields. Nitrous oxide and methane emissions from alternate non-flooded/flooded paddies were monitored simultaneously during a 516-day incubation with lysimeter experiments. Two N sources (15N-(NH4)2SO4 and 15N-labeled milk vetch) were applied to two contrasting paddies: one derived from Xiashu loess (Loess) and one from Quaternary red clay (Clay). Both N2O and CH4 emissions were significantly higher in soil Clay than in soil Loess during the flooded period. For both soil, N2O emissions peaked at the transition periods shortly after the beginning of the flooded and non-flooded seasons. Soil type affected N2O emission patterns. In soil Clay, the emission peak during the transition period from non-flooded to flooded conditions was much higher than the peak during the transition period from flooded to non-flooded conditions. In soil Loess, the emission peak during the transition period from flooded to non-flooded conditions was obviously higher than the peak during the transition period from non-flooded to flooded conditions except for milk vetch treatment. Soil type also had a significant effect on CH4 emissions during the flooded season, over which the weighted average flux was 111 mg C m-2 h-1 and 2.2 mg C m-2 h-1 from Clay and Loess, respectively. Results indicated that it was the transition in the water regime that dominated N2O emissions while it was the soil type that dominated CH4 emissions during the flooded season. Anaerobic oxidation of methane possibly existed in soil Loess during the flooded season.

Protective Effect of Tetrandrine and Fructose-1,6-diphos phate on the Model of Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats

The effect of tetrandrine (Tet) on the infarction area and volume of rat brain induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was investigated. The treatment with Tet 7.5, 12.0 or 15.0 mg·kg 1 , or with fructose 1,6 diphosphate (FDP) 200 and 350 mg·kg 1 ip immediately after MCAO, respectively, significantly reduced the infarction area and volume in a dose dependent manner. MK801 and FDP also displayed a protective effect on brain ischemia. A combination of Tet and FDP administered immediately after MCAO, produced a more potent protective effect than those treated with Tet or FDP alone. When Tet or FDP was administered 1 h and 2 h after MCAO, respectively, they could still significantly reduce the infarction area and volume of brain tissue. But, there was no significant protective effect when these two compounds were given 3 h after MCAO.