船员自行更换备用锚方法的探讨

随着 PSC 检查的进一步严格,对锚设备的检查也越来越细致,而由于锚的缺陷换备用锚的工作也会时有发生。由于在现有的资料中,对于船员自行更换备用锚的方法没有介绍,因此,许多船员认为船上的备用锚仅仅是满足公约的要求,而不需船员自行更换。当 PSC 官员要求船方使用备用锚来替换现有的缺陷锚时,常常感到无从下手,因而引起检查人员和船公司的不满,为了避免上述情况的出现,本文提出了船员自行更换备用锚的具体方法和操作步骤。

Pinpointing single metal atom anchoring sites in carbon for oxygen reduction: Doping sites or defects?

Enabling the conversion of chemical energy of fuels directly into electricity without combustion,fuel cells are arousing great interest in both academia and industry.A typical case is the proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC),already commercialized by automobile giants.For mass popularization,however,three major criteria must be balanced:performance,durability and cost.The electrocatalysts used in both the anode and cathode are the kernel of PEMFCs,being essential for efficient operation.First in the firing‐line is the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)at the cathode,which is normally very sluggish:over six orders of magnitude slower than the anode hydrogen oxidation reaction(HOR)[1].Thus,considerable efforts have been made to improve the cathode ORR.Identifying the main active sites is key to the design of optimum materials for enhanced ORR.Considering the complex balance of preparation,performance and cost,the active sites of metal‐nitrogen‐carbon(M‐N‐C)catalysts are particularly promising.Coupled with the single metal atom(SMA)catalysts[2–5],two excellent M‐N‐C catalysts were recently reported[6,7].New insights were thereby gained into the delicate architecture of carbon‐based SMA catalysts for ORR.

免疫调节因子基因的单核苷酸多态性与阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿关系的研究

阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿（PNH）是一种溶血性疾病，以出现糖化磷脂酰肌醇（GPI）锚连蛋白缺陷的异常造血细胞为特征。近年来，已证实本病是造血干细胞磷脂酰肌醇聚糖A（PIG-A）基因突变所致的克隆病，并同时存在免疫调节因子的调控异常。各种细胞因子基因的调节区或启动区的等位基因不尽相同，等位基因的多态性直接控制着细胞因子的合成，因此，细胞因子基因多态性可能与PNH的发病机制密切相关。我们对TNF-α（-308）、IL-6（-174）、IFN-γ（＋874）、TGF-β（＋10，＋25）和IL-10（-592、-819、-1082）位点基因单核苷酸多态性（SNP）与PNH的相关性进行研究，并分析其对PNH发病机制的影响。