The effectiveness of carbon fiber reinforced polymer（CFRP） grids as the strengthening materials for a pre-damaged scaled tunnel model is experimentally investigated. First, the bond performances between the CFRP gri...The effectiveness of carbon fiber reinforced polymer（CFRP） grids as the strengthening materials for a pre-damaged scaled tunnel model is experimentally investigated. First, the bond performances between the CFRP grid and the concrete under different types of adhesive and surface treatment were tested. The most efficient anchoring system was adopted for the subsequent scaled tunnel strengthening. Test results show that when the epoxy structural adhesive was used as the bonding material, the failure mode was CFRP grids rupturing,and the anchorage performance was optimal. When the polymer mortar was used as the adhesive, the surface treatments with anchored bolts and grooves can improve the bond performance, and the failure mode was sliding failure with the polymer mortar peeled off. After strengthening with CFRP grids, both the stiffness and the load capacity of the pre-damaged scaled tunnel model were improved. Additionally,the results obtained by fiber bragg grating（FBG） sensors indicate that the strains across tunnel segments were reduced,and the overall performance of the tunnel was improved.展开更多
A Cartesian grid generation method is developed in this study.Two kinds of solid modeling methods,CSG and STL models,are used for complicated solid modeling.The staircase boundary approximation is implemented to handl...A Cartesian grid generation method is developed in this study.Two kinds of solid modeling methods,CSG and STL models,are used for complicated solid modeling.The staircase boundary approximation is implemented to handle irregular geometries and the computational domain is discretized using a regular Cartesian grid.Using the edge-based integral slice algorithm,the models are sliced with a set of parallel planes to generate 2D slices information.The scan line filling technique is used to achieve grid generation after slicing.Two grid generation examples with a CSG model and a STL model are given to test the capability of the grid generation method.For grid displaying,a method is proposed to remove the hidden surfaces fasten based on the topology of orthogonal hexahedral grids.The parallelization of grid displaying is achieved by employing multi-threaded parallel technique.Parallel test results show that the parallel algorithm has the absolute advantage on speed compared to the serial algorithm.展开更多
Freeze-thaw processes in soils,including changes in frost and thaw fronts(FTFs),are important physical processes.The movement of FTFs affects soil hydrothermal characteristics,as well as energy and water exchanges bet...Freeze-thaw processes in soils,including changes in frost and thaw fronts(FTFs),are important physical processes.The movement of FTFs affects soil hydrothermal characteristics,as well as energy and water exchanges between the land surface and the atmosphere and hydrothermal processes in the land surface.This paper reduces the issue of soil freezing and thawing to a multiple moving-boundary problem and develops a soil water and heat transfer model which considers the effects of FTF on soil hydrothermal processes.A local adaptive variable-grid method is used to discretize the model.Sensitivity tests based on the hierarchical structure of the Community Land Model(CLM)show that multiple FTFs can be continuously tracked,which overcomes the difficulties of isotherms that cannot simultaneously simulate multiple FTFs in the same soil layer.The local adaptive variable-grid method is stable and offers computational efficiency several times greater than the high-resolution case.The simulated FTF depths,soil temperatures,and soil moisture values fit well with the observed data,which further demonstrates the potential application of this simulation to the land-surface process model.展开更多
基金The Science and Technology Project of China Southern Pow er Grid Co.,Ltd.(No.GDKJ00000030)the National Key Technology R&D Program of China(No.2016YFC0701400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51525801)
文摘The effectiveness of carbon fiber reinforced polymer（CFRP） grids as the strengthening materials for a pre-damaged scaled tunnel model is experimentally investigated. First, the bond performances between the CFRP grid and the concrete under different types of adhesive and surface treatment were tested. The most efficient anchoring system was adopted for the subsequent scaled tunnel strengthening. Test results show that when the epoxy structural adhesive was used as the bonding material, the failure mode was CFRP grids rupturing,and the anchorage performance was optimal. When the polymer mortar was used as the adhesive, the surface treatments with anchored bolts and grooves can improve the bond performance, and the failure mode was sliding failure with the polymer mortar peeled off. After strengthening with CFRP grids, both the stiffness and the load capacity of the pre-damaged scaled tunnel model were improved. Additionally,the results obtained by fiber bragg grating（FBG） sensors indicate that the strains across tunnel segments were reduced,and the overall performance of the tunnel was improved.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2010CB832706)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11172041)the Project of State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology(Grant No.YBKT14-03)
文摘A Cartesian grid generation method is developed in this study.Two kinds of solid modeling methods,CSG and STL models,are used for complicated solid modeling.The staircase boundary approximation is implemented to handle irregular geometries and the computational domain is discretized using a regular Cartesian grid.Using the edge-based integral slice algorithm,the models are sliced with a set of parallel planes to generate 2D slices information.The scan line filling technique is used to achieve grid generation after slicing.Two grid generation examples with a CSG model and a STL model are given to test the capability of the grid generation method.For grid displaying,a method is proposed to remove the hidden surfaces fasten based on the topology of orthogonal hexahedral grids.The parallelization of grid displaying is achieved by employing multi-threaded parallel technique.Parallel test results show that the parallel algorithm has the absolute advantage on speed compared to the serial algorithm.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.91125016)National Basic Research Program of China(Grants Nos.2010CB951001,2010CB428403)
文摘Freeze-thaw processes in soils,including changes in frost and thaw fronts(FTFs),are important physical processes.The movement of FTFs affects soil hydrothermal characteristics,as well as energy and water exchanges between the land surface and the atmosphere and hydrothermal processes in the land surface.This paper reduces the issue of soil freezing and thawing to a multiple moving-boundary problem and develops a soil water and heat transfer model which considers the effects of FTF on soil hydrothermal processes.A local adaptive variable-grid method is used to discretize the model.Sensitivity tests based on the hierarchical structure of the Community Land Model(CLM)show that multiple FTFs can be continuously tracked,which overcomes the difficulties of isotherms that cannot simultaneously simulate multiple FTFs in the same soil layer.The local adaptive variable-grid method is stable and offers computational efficiency several times greater than the high-resolution case.The simulated FTF depths,soil temperatures,and soil moisture values fit well with the observed data,which further demonstrates the potential application of this simulation to the land-surface process model.
