气藏复杂水侵动态巨量网格精细数值模拟

传统数值模拟研究由于计算机能力的限制,通常要先对精细的地质模型进行粗化,从而导致数模模型与实际地质情况存在较大差异,难以对气藏复杂的水侵动态进行模拟,影响了模拟的准确性。新一代精细数值模拟基于AMG-CPR代数多重网格与约束压力残差预处理技术,结合更高效的并行剖分技术,在网格规模和运算速度上相对于传统数值模拟有了巨大的提升,并使数模模型更加逼近真实的地质实体。通过裂缝地质建模建立了四川盆地磨溪区块龙王庙组气藏7 800万网格数量的双重孔隙介质模型,不进行粗化直接进行新一代精细数值模拟应用研究,其网格数量规模位目前居国内第一。将巨量网格模型在服务器集群上进行上千核的大型并行计算,其计算效率和能力相对于传统数值模拟均有新的突破,以往难以实现的巨量网格模型数值模拟能在2 h完成模拟运算,极大地提高了运算性能。从模拟计算结果来看,相对于传统数值模拟,高精度的双重孔隙介质模型能够对气藏的非均质性有较好的描述,对实际气藏楔形区底水的水窜和边水水侵均能进行较好地模拟。

基于随机网格张量分解的多用户毫米波大规模MIMO系统信道估计

利用毫米波信道的稀疏散射特性和张量的空间结构,提出了一种随机网格张量分解的信道估计方法,接收信号被表示为一个四阶张量,采用随机张量压缩对单个用户信道进行解耦;采用网格张量分解方式,将大尺度的用户信道张量分解为若干个小尺度张量,并行且独立地分解所有子张量,由相关因子矩阵估计信道参数.仿真结果表明,该算法能获得较为准确的信道参数估计,有效地降低了信道估计算法的复杂度.

跨音速涡轮叶栅数值计算方法研究与试验验证

以某跨音速涡轮叶栅为对象,研究计算流体动力学数值计算方法,应用CFD软件ANSYS CFX,分析不同网格量和不同湍流模型对数值计算结果的影响,得到最理想且最吻合试验结果的数值计算方法,并与试验结果进行对比分析。结果表明,考虑权衡数值计算结果与试验值吻合度和所耗时间的均衡性,三维网格的S1流面网格量为1万最为合适,SST湍流模型的模拟结果最为理想。

一种在异构系统中实现负载平衡的方法

提出了在异构系统实现负载平衡的区域分解算法和实现负载平衡的计算方法 ,利用它的负反馈性质解决了异构系统处理机计算速度测量误差造成的负载测量不准问题 ,并对处理机速度变化 ,速度测量误差、处理机数量、网格点计算量的分布等因素的影响进行了计算 ,结果表明本方法具有很强的平衡负载能力和较强的适应性 ;根据计算结果提出了解决模式网格点计算量不易测量问题的解决方案 ,并用扩散方程和模拟物理过程进行试验 ,试验表明这种方法是可行的 。

扇区波束赋形基站天线分析与综合

本文分析了几种复杂结构基站天线 ,并使用遗传算法进行了方向图综合设计。对天线结构采用线栅网格近似 ,用矩量法分析。并针对方向图参数要求 ,采用遗传算法对天线方向图进行了综合。在优化过程中对方向图参数构造了综合目标函数 ,保证了增益、满足了扇区波束宽度 ,并控制了后瓣。此方法可用于同种类不同振子排列形式的天线。

Load prediction of grid computing resources based on ARSVR method

Based on the monitoring and discovery service 4 （MDS4） model, a monitoring model for a data grid which supports reliable storage and intrusion tolerance is designed. The load characteristics and indicators of computing resources in the monitoring model are analyzed. Then, a time-series autoregressive prediction model is devised. And an autoregressive support vector regression（ ARSVR） monitoring method is put forward to predict the node load of the data grid. Finally, a model for historical observations sequences is set up using the autoregressive （AR） model and the model order is determined. The support vector regression（SVR） model is trained using historical data and the regression function is obtained. Simulation results show that the ARSVR method can effectively predict the node load.

Modeling and performance evaluation of QoS-aware job scheduling of computational grids

To achieve high quality of service （QoS） on computational grids, the QoS-aware job scheduling is investigated for a hierarchical decentralized grid architecture that consists of multilevel schedulers. An integrated QoS-aware job dispatching policy is proposed, which correlates priorities of incoming jobs used for job selecting at the local scheduler of the grid node with the job dispatching policies at the global scheduler for computational grids. The stochastic high-level Petri net （SHLPN） model of a two-level hierarchy computational grid architecture is presented, and a model refinement is made to reduce the complexity of the model solution. A performance analysis technique based on the SHLPN is proposed to investigate the QoS-aware job scheduling policy. Numerical results show that the QoS-aware job dispatching policy outperforms the QoS-unaware job dispatching policy in balancing the high-priority jobs, and thus enables priority-based QoS.

Theoretical Study on Impact of Single Water Molecule on OH＋O3 Reaction

Quantum chemical calculations are performed to study the reactions of OH and ozone with- out and with water to estimate whether the single water molecule can decrease the energy barrier of the OH radical reaction with ozone. The calculated results demonstrate that the single water molecule can reduce the activated barrier of the naked OH＋Oa reaction with the value of about 4.18 kJ/mol. In addition, the transition state theory is carried out to determine whether the single water molecule could enhance the rate constant of the OH＋O3 reaction. The computed kinetic data indicate that the rate of the ozone reaction with the formed complexes between OH and water is much slower than that of the OH＋O3 reaction, whereas the rate constant of OH reaction with the formed H20---Oa complex is 2 times greater than that of the naked OH radical with ozone reaction. However, these processes in the atmosphere are not important because the reactions can not compete well with the naked reaction of OH with ozone under atmospheric condition.

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS FOR THE RECEIVER WITH ISI

In this paper we use trellis coded amplitude modulation (TC-AM) as models to analyze the receivers with intersymbol interference (ISI) under BPSK and π/4-QPSK modulations.Using the modified generating function and the weight profile function of the TC-AM,the bit error probability for both cases is evaluated in the sense of maximum likelihood decoding.The numerical result is given.

Grid-based energy-aware routing in wireless sensor networks

The model of energy cost in a wireless sensor network （WSN）environment is built, and the energy awareness and the wireless interference mainly due to different path loss models are studied. A special case of a clustering scheme, a twodimensional grid clustering mechanism, is adopted. Clusterheads are rotated evenly among all sensor nodes in an efficient and decentralized manner, based on the residual energy in the battery and the random backoff time. In addition to transmitting and receiving packets within the sensors＇ electrical and amplification circuits, extra energy is needed in the retransmission of packets due to packet collisions caused by severe interference. By analysis and mathematical derivation, which are based on planar geometry, it is shown that the total energy consumed in the network is directly related to the gridstructure in the proposed grid based clustering mechanism. The transmission range is determined by cluster size, and the path loss exponent is determined by nodal separation. The summation of overall interference is caused by all the sensors that are transmitting concurrently. By analysis and simulation, an optimal grid structure with the corresponding grid size is presented, which balances between maximizing energy conservation and minimizing overall interference in wireless sensor networks.

An accelerated scheme with high quality mesh based on Lloyd iteration

High quality mesh plays an important role for finite element methods in science computation and numerical simulation.Whether the mesh quality is good or not,to some extent,it determines the calculation results of the accuracy and efficiency.Different from classic Lloyd iteration algorithm which is convergent slowly,a novel accelerated scheme was presented,which consists of two core parts:mesh points replacement and local edges Delaunay swapping.By using it,almost all the equilateral triangular meshes can be generated based on centroidal Voronoi tessellation(CVT).Numerical tests show that it is significantly effective with time consuming decreasing by 40%.Compared with other two types of regular mesh generation methods,CVT mesh demonstrates that higher geometric average quality increases over 0.99.

Reverse time migration imaging of tunnels via the finite element method using an unstructured mesh

Wavefield extrapolation is critical in reverse time migration(RTM).The finite diff erence method is primarily used to achieve wavefi eld extrapolation in case of the RTM imaging of tunnels.However,complex tunnel models,including those for karsts and fault fracture zones,are constructed using regular grids with straight curves,which can cause numerical dispersion and reduce the imaging accuracy.In this study,wavefi eld extrapolation was conducted for tunnel RTM using the finite element method,wherein an unstructured mesh was considered to be the body-fi tted partition in a complex model.Further,a Poynting vector calculation equation suitable for the unstructured mesh considered in the fi nite element method was established to suppress the interference owing to low-frequency noise.The tunnel space was considered during wavefi eld extrapolation to suppress the mirror artifacts based on the fl exibility of mesh generation.Finally,the infl uence of the survey layouts(one and two sidewalls)on the tunnel imaging results was investigated.The RTM results obtained for a simple tunnel model with an inclined interface demonstrate that the method based on unstructured meshes can effectively suppress the low-frequency noise and mirror artifacts,obtaining clear imaging results.Furthermore,the two-sidewall tunnel survey layout can be used to accurately obtain the real position of the inclined interface ahead of the tunnel face.The complex tunnel numerical modeling and actual data migration results denote the eff ectiveness of the fi nite element method in which an unstructured mesh is used.

Forecast of Air Traffic Controller Demand Based on SVR and Parameter Optimization

As the main body of air traffic control safety,the air traffic controller is an important part of the whole air traffic control system. According to the relevant data of civil aviation over the years,a mapping model between flight support sorties and air traffic controller demand is constructed by using the prediction algorithm of support vector regression(SVR) based on grid search and cross-validation. Then the model predicts the demand for air traffic controllers in seven regions. Additionally,according to the employment data of civil aviation universities,the future training scale of air traffic controller is predicted. The forecast results show that the average relative error of the number of controllers predicted by the algorithm is 1.73%,and the prediction accuracy is higher than traditional regression algorithms. Under the influence of the epidemic,the demand for air traffic controllers will decrease in the short term,but with the control of the epidemic,the demand of air traffic controllers will return to the pre-epidemic level and gradually increase. It is expected that the controller increment will be about 816 by 2028. The forecast results of the demand for air traffic controllers provide a theoretical basis for the introduction and training of medium and long-term air traffic controllers,and also provide method guidance and decision support for the establishment of professional reserve and dynamic control mechanism in the air traffic control system.

Three-dimensional forward modeling for the SBTEM method using an unstructured fi nite-element method

In this study,we propose a three-dimensional(3D)forward modeling algorithm of surface-to-borehole transient electromagnetic(SBTEM)fields based on an unstructured vector fi nite-element method to analyze the characteristics of SBTEM responses for complex geoelectrical models.To solve the double-curl diff usion equation for the electric fi eld,we use an unstructured tetrahedral mesh to discretize the model domain and select the unconditionally stable backward Euler scheme to discretize the time derivative.In our numerical experiments,we use a grounded wire as a transmitting source.After validating the algorithm’s eff ectiveness,we first analyze the diffusion characteristics and detectability of the electromagnetic field.After that,we focus our attention on the distribution and the cause of zero bands for Ex and dBy/dt components with the hope of guiding future field surveys.Finally,by simulating diff erent models,we analyze the capability of the SBTEM method in detecting typical mineral veins so that we can provide a reference for mineral resource exploration in the deep earth.

面向大型飞机流场模拟的网格需求探讨

鉴于网格量关系到大型飞机的数值仿真精度和时效性,对大型运输机低速气动力模拟中的网格问题进行了分析,即对某低速构型CFD(计算流体力学)计算的气动力特性的精确度与网格量及网格分布的相关性进行了简要分析.通过不同网格量下CFD计算结果与试验结果的比较表明:为了得到工程实用的气动力数据,翼身组合体干净构型低速计算需要的网格量的量级在580万及以上,翼身组合体着陆构型低速计算需要的网格量的量级在1 500万以上.

High-quality graphene grown directly on stainless steel meshes through CVD process for enhanced current collectors of supercapacitors

High-quality graphene coating was directly grown on stainless steel meshes via chemical vapor deposition process,during which the morphology of the stainless steel was transformed rugged.When the graphene-coated stainless steel meshes were applied as current collectors of supercapacitors,the changes of the appearance and the graphene coating improved the contact between stainless steel meshes and the active materials,thus benefiting the performance of the supercapacitors.Furthermore,this simple method can be used to prepare the enhanced current collectors for other energy storage devices.

Optimal error estimates and modified energy conservation identities of the ADI-FDTD scheme on staggered grids for 3D Maxwell's equations

This paper is concerned with the optimal error estimates and energy conservation properties of the alternating direction implicit finite-difference time-domain （ADI-FDTD） method which is a popular scheme for solving the 3D Maxwell＇s equations. Precisely, for the case with a perfectly electric conducting （PEC） boundary condition we establish the optimal second-order error estimates in both space and time in the discrete Hi-norm for the ADI-FDTD scheme, and prove the approximate divergence preserving property that if the divergence of the initial electric and magnetic fields are zero, then the discrete L2-norm of the discrete divergence of the ADI-FDTD solution is approximately zero with the second-order accuracy in both space and time. The key ingredient is two new discrete modified energy norms which are second-order in time perturbations of two new energy conservation laws for the Maxwell＇s equations introduced in this paper. ~rthermore, we prove that, in addition to two known discrete modified energy identities which are second-order in time perturbations of two known energy conservation laws, the ADI-FDTD scheme also satisfies two new discrete modified energy identities which are second-order in time perturbations of the two new energy conservation laws. This means that the ADI-FDTD scheme is unconditionally stable under the four discrete modified energy norms. Experimental results which confirm the theoretical results are presented.

Road Density Analysis Based on Skeleton Partitioning for Road Generalization

This paper proposes an algorithm for road density analysis based on skeleton partitioning. Road density provides metric and statistical information about overall road distribution at the macro level. Existing measurements of road density based on grid method, fractal geometry and mesh density are reviewed, and a new method for computing road density based on skeleton partitioning is proposed. Experiments illustrate that road density based on skeleton partitioning may reveal the overall road distribution. The proposed measurement is further tested against road maps at 1:10k scale and their generalized version at 1:50k scale. By comparing the deletion percentage within different density interval, a road density threshold can be found, which indicate the need for further operations during generalization. Proposed road density may be used to examine the quality of road generalization, to explore the variation of road network through temporal and spatial changes, and it also has future usage in urban planning, transportation and estates evaluation practice.

Remote Measurement in Steel Grid Structure Based on Control Grid Network

Based on a control grid network and in combination with a remote total station and digital camera,the distribution of steel nodes and deflection curve of a steel grid structure can be obtained easily.The measurement result shows that this method is effective and utilitarian.

FINITE VOLUME ELEMENT METHOD WITH LAGRANGIAN CUBIC FUNCTIONS

This paper establishes a new finite volume element scheme for Poisson equation on trian- gular meshes. The trial function space is taken as Lagrangian cubic finite element space on triangular partition, and the test function space is defined as piecewise constant space on dual partition. Under some weak condition about the triangular meshes, the authors prove that the stiffness matrix is uni- formly positive definite and convergence rate to be O（h3） in Hi-norm. Some numerical experiments confirm the theoretical considerations.