提出了多中继无线通信系统的模型,研究其源节点和各中继节点间功率分配对系统容量的影响,在总功率一定的情况下,探讨了以容量最大化为准则的功率分配算法。对采用非再生协作中继方式的多中继协作通信系统进行了容量分析,并提出了一种低...提出了多中继无线通信系统的模型,研究其源节点和各中继节点间功率分配对系统容量的影响,在总功率一定的情况下,探讨了以容量最大化为准则的功率分配算法。对采用非再生协作中继方式的多中继协作通信系统进行了容量分析,并提出了一种低复杂度的最优功率分配算法(Optimum Power Allocation,OPA)。仿真结果表明,该算法相对于平均功率分配算法(Average Power Allocation,APA),系统容量得到了显著提高,在信道条件差的情况下,性能提高更明显。展开更多
In order to take full advantage of regeneration process to reduce fresh water consumption and avoid the accumulation of trace contaminants, regeneration reuse and regeneration recycle should be distinctive. A stepwise...In order to take full advantage of regeneration process to reduce fresh water consumption and avoid the accumulation of trace contaminants, regeneration reuse and regeneration recycle should be distinctive. A stepwise optimal design for water network is developed to simplify solution procedures for the formulated MINLP problem. In this paper, a feasible water reuse network framework is generated. Some heuristic rules from water reuse network are used to guide the placement of regeneration process. Then the outlet stream of regeneration process is considered as new water source. Regeneration reuse network structure is obtained through an iterative optimal procedure by taking the insights from reuse water network structure. Furthermore, regeneration recycle is only utilized to eliminate fresh water usage for processes in which regeneration reuse is impossible. Compared with the results obtained by relevant researches for the same example, the present method not only provides an appropriate regeneration reuse water network with minimum fresh water and regenerated water flow rate but also suggests a water network involving regeneration recycle with minimum recycle water flow rate. The design can utilize reuse, regeneration reuse and regeneration recycle step by step with minor water network structure change to achieve better flexibility. It can satisfy different demands for new plants and modernization of existing plants.展开更多
A new scheme based on SOA-MZI for all-optical 2R regeneration is proposed. The characteristics of gain and switching window of this device are investigated in detail. Numerical simulation results indicate that the non...A new scheme based on SOA-MZI for all-optical 2R regeneration is proposed. The characteristics of gain and switching window of this device are investigated in detail. Numerical simulation results indicate that the nonlinear gain compression, the time delay between the input optical signal and the width of the optical pulse are essential parameters for a good performance of all-optical 2R regeneration.展开更多
A sequential three-step programming method is proposed for determining the minimum flowrate of fresh water and corresponding regenerated water in water-using system of single contaminant with regeneration reuse. In st...A sequential three-step programming method is proposed for determining the minimum flowrate of fresh water and corresponding regenerated water in water-using system of single contaminant with regeneration reuse. In step 1, a programming with the objective of min fws is used to determine the minimum flowrate of fresh water, in which the mathematical representation is a mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP1). Then under the same constraints with step 1, a programming with the objective of min freg in step 2 and a programming with the objective of min Cr in step 3 are subsequently used to determine the minimum flowrate of regenerated water and the minimum inlet concentration to regeneration process corresponding to the minimum flowrate of fresh water based on step 1. The method is easy to apply because we only need to change the objective function but keep the constraints constant to go along the following steps after step 1. In addition, the relationship between the fresh water flowrate required, fws and inlet concentration to regeneration process, Cr, is investigated. It is found that there exist three relationships between fws and Cr, which indicate three possibilities for C\>: below the pinch, above the pinch or at the pinch. Therefore, a new conclusion is drawn, which differs from that 'regeneration of water at pinch minimizes fresh water flowrate' derived in literature and indicates that in some cases, regeneration at other point also minimizes fresh water flowrate.展开更多
Despite Spain is a well-known worldwide developer of solar and wind energy, nowadays the wave energy is presented as an interesting alternative. Although depending on wind, marine energetic stability is higher than th...Despite Spain is a well-known worldwide developer of solar and wind energy, nowadays the wave energy is presented as an interesting alternative. Although depending on wind, marine energetic stability is higher than the one depending on air masses. For this reason, the use on isolated networks would bring a great benefit, as they have less perturbation than the other mentioned energies In addition to this, the subtropical weather is famous for its climatic stability and the lack of extreme conditions. For this paper, firstly, an initial analysis was carried out, comparing the most important wave converters in developing at the moment, in which the "Wave Dragon" device was chosen as the most promising. Secondly, the Gran Canaria's wave potential was studied using a numeric model based on data obtained from "Wana" points. Finally, the feasibility of implementing the "Wave Dragon" device in Gran Canaria was tested using simulations that were based in the previously obtained data, remarking the protection of the system against instabilities in the generation of renewable energies.展开更多
Germany's energy system is in transition towards less nuclear, lower carbon emissions and more renewables. Notwithstanding widespread neglect of its European dimension, this Energiewende will further exacerbate curre...Germany's energy system is in transition towards less nuclear, lower carbon emissions and more renewables. Notwithstanding widespread neglect of its European dimension, this Energiewende will further exacerbate current network fluctuations due to the significant increase in wind and solar power. Key data from Denmark show that this transition will soon bring the German national power system to its limits for absorbing the resulting intermittency, and increase the need for more cross-border power transfers. Yet network analysis of import/export data shows that Germany's position in the European power system is contrary to the Danish case. The need for a European solution for Germany's energy transition will therefore soon become evident. In order to establish the necessary infrastructure, the Energiewende needs hence to be guided by an economic approach designed to prevent further fractures in the Internal Electricity Market. Constructive negotiations with neighbouring countries on market designs and price signals will be important preconditions. The article emphasizes the still neglected European paradox of Germany's energy transition and presents working examples and possible solutions to uphold electricity supply in Europe's power house.展开更多
Objective To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of Fufang Ejiao Jiang(复方阿胶浆,FFEJJ)on aplastic anemia(AA)using integrated network pharmacology and serum metabolomics.Methods Traditional Ch...Objective To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of Fufang Ejiao Jiang(复方阿胶浆,FFEJJ)on aplastic anemia(AA)using integrated network pharmacology and serum metabolomics.Methods Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology(TCMSP),Pubmed,integrative pharmacology-based research platform of traditional Chinese medicine(TCMIP),and Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular mech ANism of Traditional Chinese Medicine(BATMAN-TCM)were used to identify the constituents and putative targets of FFEJJ.Gene Cards and DisGeNET databases were used to identify AA-associated targets.We constructed a herb-component-target network and analyzed the protein-protein interaction(PPI)network.Potential mechanisms were determined using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analyses.In addition,an AA model was established using acetylphenylhydrazine(APH)and cetylphenylhydrazine(CTX).Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-QTOF/MS)-based serum metabolomics was applied to screen potential metabolites and the related pathways associated with AA and the potential anti-anemic effects of FFEJJ.Results A total of 30 active components of FFEJJ and 24 targets were related to AA.PPI network analysis showed that VEGFA,AKT1,IL-6,CASP3,and ICAM1 were key nodes overlapping with proteins known to be related to AA.KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the presumed targets of FFEJJ were mainly associated with pathways linked to the promotion of hematopoiesis and improvement of the hematopoietic microenvironment.A total of 423 metabolite biomarkers were identified between the control and AA models,which are involved in the development of AA.In contrast,FFEJJ reversed the 79 differential metabolites altered by AA.Pathway analysis suggested that the synergistic effects of FFEJJ were mainly enriched in 24 metabolic pathways.Among them,sphingolipid metabolism,glycerophospholipid metabolism,and arachidonic acid metabolism were related to promoting hematopoiesis and improving the hematopoietic microenvironment,which partially conforms with network pharmacology.The interaction network formed by three key differential metabolites,including hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid(HETE),sphingosine 1-phosphate(S1 P),and lysophosphatidylcholine(lyso PC),and three predicted network targets(VEGFA,CASP3,and ICAM1)may be the potential mechanism underlying the anti-AA action of the multi-component of FFEJJ.Conclusion FFEJJ could be an alternative treatment option for AA.It acts by promoting hematopoiesis and improving the hematopoietic microenvironment.Network pharmacology-integrated metabolomics makes it possible to analyze TCMs from a systems perspective and at the molecular level.展开更多
The performance of DFIG-based wind generation systems that interconnected to solid networks is well understood and prevalent in Europe and North America. However, the application of these renewable generating stations...The performance of DFIG-based wind generation systems that interconnected to solid networks is well understood and prevalent in Europe and North America. However, the application of these renewable generating stations to weak network has been examined in very limited occasions. Weak networks have a range of limitations from system capacities to CFCT restrictions which would need to be well understood prior to wind energy integration. Of particular interest would be how much wind generation could be integrated into a weak network prior to increasing voltage and frequency stability issues brought about by penetration issues. This paper introduces a simple and practical approach based on the equal area criteria to investigate the stability of weak networks. Simulation results that are presented to show the proposed approach is a viable preliminary assessment tool to determine system stability on weak networks with wind power penetration.展开更多
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition(EMT) is a complex nonlinear biological process that plays essential roles in fundamental biological processes such as embryogenesis, wounding healing, tissue regeneration,and cancer ...Epithelial–mesenchymal transition(EMT) is a complex nonlinear biological process that plays essential roles in fundamental biological processes such as embryogenesis, wounding healing, tissue regeneration,and cancer metastasis. A hallmark of EMT is the switch-like behavior during state transition, which is characteristic of phase transitions. Hence, detecting the tipping point just before mesenchymal state transition is critical for understanding molecular mechanism of EMT. Through dynamic network biomarkers(DNB) model, a DNB group with 37 genes was identified which can provide the early-warning signals of EMT. Particularly, we found that two DNB genes, i.e., SMAD7 and SERPINE1 promoted EMT by switching their regulatory network which was further validated by biological experiments. Survival analyses revealed that SMAD7 and SERPINE1 as DNB genes further acted as prognostic biomarkers for lung adenocarcinoma.展开更多
文摘提出了多中继无线通信系统的模型,研究其源节点和各中继节点间功率分配对系统容量的影响,在总功率一定的情况下,探讨了以容量最大化为准则的功率分配算法。对采用非再生协作中继方式的多中继协作通信系统进行了容量分析,并提出了一种低复杂度的最优功率分配算法(Optimum Power Allocation,OPA)。仿真结果表明,该算法相对于平均功率分配算法(Average Power Allocation,APA),系统容量得到了显著提高,在信道条件差的情况下,性能提高更明显。
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(20906007)
文摘In order to take full advantage of regeneration process to reduce fresh water consumption and avoid the accumulation of trace contaminants, regeneration reuse and regeneration recycle should be distinctive. A stepwise optimal design for water network is developed to simplify solution procedures for the formulated MINLP problem. In this paper, a feasible water reuse network framework is generated. Some heuristic rules from water reuse network are used to guide the placement of regeneration process. Then the outlet stream of regeneration process is considered as new water source. Regeneration reuse network structure is obtained through an iterative optimal procedure by taking the insights from reuse water network structure. Furthermore, regeneration recycle is only utilized to eliminate fresh water usage for processes in which regeneration reuse is impossible. Compared with the results obtained by relevant researches for the same example, the present method not only provides an appropriate regeneration reuse water network with minimum fresh water and regenerated water flow rate but also suggests a water network involving regeneration recycle with minimum recycle water flow rate. The design can utilize reuse, regeneration reuse and regeneration recycle step by step with minor water network structure change to achieve better flexibility. It can satisfy different demands for new plants and modernization of existing plants.
文摘A new scheme based on SOA-MZI for all-optical 2R regeneration is proposed. The characteristics of gain and switching window of this device are investigated in detail. Numerical simulation results indicate that the nonlinear gain compression, the time delay between the input optical signal and the width of the optical pulse are essential parameters for a good performance of all-optical 2R regeneration.
基金Supported by the National Fundamental Research Development Program of China(No.2000026308).
文摘A sequential three-step programming method is proposed for determining the minimum flowrate of fresh water and corresponding regenerated water in water-using system of single contaminant with regeneration reuse. In step 1, a programming with the objective of min fws is used to determine the minimum flowrate of fresh water, in which the mathematical representation is a mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP1). Then under the same constraints with step 1, a programming with the objective of min freg in step 2 and a programming with the objective of min Cr in step 3 are subsequently used to determine the minimum flowrate of regenerated water and the minimum inlet concentration to regeneration process corresponding to the minimum flowrate of fresh water based on step 1. The method is easy to apply because we only need to change the objective function but keep the constraints constant to go along the following steps after step 1. In addition, the relationship between the fresh water flowrate required, fws and inlet concentration to regeneration process, Cr, is investigated. It is found that there exist three relationships between fws and Cr, which indicate three possibilities for C\>: below the pinch, above the pinch or at the pinch. Therefore, a new conclusion is drawn, which differs from that 'regeneration of water at pinch minimizes fresh water flowrate' derived in literature and indicates that in some cases, regeneration at other point also minimizes fresh water flowrate.
文摘Despite Spain is a well-known worldwide developer of solar and wind energy, nowadays the wave energy is presented as an interesting alternative. Although depending on wind, marine energetic stability is higher than the one depending on air masses. For this reason, the use on isolated networks would bring a great benefit, as they have less perturbation than the other mentioned energies In addition to this, the subtropical weather is famous for its climatic stability and the lack of extreme conditions. For this paper, firstly, an initial analysis was carried out, comparing the most important wave converters in developing at the moment, in which the "Wave Dragon" device was chosen as the most promising. Secondly, the Gran Canaria's wave potential was studied using a numeric model based on data obtained from "Wana" points. Finally, the feasibility of implementing the "Wave Dragon" device in Gran Canaria was tested using simulations that were based in the previously obtained data, remarking the protection of the system against instabilities in the generation of renewable energies.
文摘Germany's energy system is in transition towards less nuclear, lower carbon emissions and more renewables. Notwithstanding widespread neglect of its European dimension, this Energiewende will further exacerbate current network fluctuations due to the significant increase in wind and solar power. Key data from Denmark show that this transition will soon bring the German national power system to its limits for absorbing the resulting intermittency, and increase the need for more cross-border power transfers. Yet network analysis of import/export data shows that Germany's position in the European power system is contrary to the Danish case. The need for a European solution for Germany's energy transition will therefore soon become evident. In order to establish the necessary infrastructure, the Energiewende needs hence to be guided by an economic approach designed to prevent further fractures in the Internal Electricity Market. Constructive negotiations with neighbouring countries on market designs and price signals will be important preconditions. The article emphasizes the still neglected European paradox of Germany's energy transition and presents working examples and possible solutions to uphold electricity supply in Europe's power house.
基金funding support from the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81673585,No.81874493,No.81573956)Program of Survey of Chinese Medicines of China(No.[2017]66)+5 种基金Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2019JJ50345,No.2020JJ5325,No.2021168)Key Research and Development Project of Changsha Science and Technology(No.kq1901067)Training Program for Excellent Young Innovators of Changsha(No.kq1802017)Research on the Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Characteristic Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources(No.2060302)the Support of Hunan Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation and Quality Traceability Engineering and Technology Centerthe 2011 Collaboration and Innovation Center for Digital Chinese Medicine in Hunan。
文摘Objective To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of Fufang Ejiao Jiang(复方阿胶浆,FFEJJ)on aplastic anemia(AA)using integrated network pharmacology and serum metabolomics.Methods Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology(TCMSP),Pubmed,integrative pharmacology-based research platform of traditional Chinese medicine(TCMIP),and Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular mech ANism of Traditional Chinese Medicine(BATMAN-TCM)were used to identify the constituents and putative targets of FFEJJ.Gene Cards and DisGeNET databases were used to identify AA-associated targets.We constructed a herb-component-target network and analyzed the protein-protein interaction(PPI)network.Potential mechanisms were determined using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analyses.In addition,an AA model was established using acetylphenylhydrazine(APH)and cetylphenylhydrazine(CTX).Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-QTOF/MS)-based serum metabolomics was applied to screen potential metabolites and the related pathways associated with AA and the potential anti-anemic effects of FFEJJ.Results A total of 30 active components of FFEJJ and 24 targets were related to AA.PPI network analysis showed that VEGFA,AKT1,IL-6,CASP3,and ICAM1 were key nodes overlapping with proteins known to be related to AA.KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the presumed targets of FFEJJ were mainly associated with pathways linked to the promotion of hematopoiesis and improvement of the hematopoietic microenvironment.A total of 423 metabolite biomarkers were identified between the control and AA models,which are involved in the development of AA.In contrast,FFEJJ reversed the 79 differential metabolites altered by AA.Pathway analysis suggested that the synergistic effects of FFEJJ were mainly enriched in 24 metabolic pathways.Among them,sphingolipid metabolism,glycerophospholipid metabolism,and arachidonic acid metabolism were related to promoting hematopoiesis and improving the hematopoietic microenvironment,which partially conforms with network pharmacology.The interaction network formed by three key differential metabolites,including hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid(HETE),sphingosine 1-phosphate(S1 P),and lysophosphatidylcholine(lyso PC),and three predicted network targets(VEGFA,CASP3,and ICAM1)may be the potential mechanism underlying the anti-AA action of the multi-component of FFEJJ.Conclusion FFEJJ could be an alternative treatment option for AA.It acts by promoting hematopoiesis and improving the hematopoietic microenvironment.Network pharmacology-integrated metabolomics makes it possible to analyze TCMs from a systems perspective and at the molecular level.
文摘The performance of DFIG-based wind generation systems that interconnected to solid networks is well understood and prevalent in Europe and North America. However, the application of these renewable generating stations to weak network has been examined in very limited occasions. Weak networks have a range of limitations from system capacities to CFCT restrictions which would need to be well understood prior to wind energy integration. Of particular interest would be how much wind generation could be integrated into a weak network prior to increasing voltage and frequency stability issues brought about by penetration issues. This paper introduces a simple and practical approach based on the equal area criteria to investigate the stability of weak networks. Simulation results that are presented to show the proposed approach is a viable preliminary assessment tool to determine system stability on weak networks with wind power penetration.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFA0505500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31930022, 31771476, 61773196)+5 种基金Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (2017SHZDZX01)Key Project of Zhangjiang National Innovation Demonstration Zone Special Development Fund (ZJ2018ZD-013)Ministry of Science and Technology Project (2017YFC0907505)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory Funds (2017B030301018, 2019B030301001)Shenzhen Research Funds (JCYJ20170307104535585, ZDSYS20140509142721429)Shenzhen Peacock Plan (KQTD2016053117035204)
文摘Epithelial–mesenchymal transition(EMT) is a complex nonlinear biological process that plays essential roles in fundamental biological processes such as embryogenesis, wounding healing, tissue regeneration,and cancer metastasis. A hallmark of EMT is the switch-like behavior during state transition, which is characteristic of phase transitions. Hence, detecting the tipping point just before mesenchymal state transition is critical for understanding molecular mechanism of EMT. Through dynamic network biomarkers(DNB) model, a DNB group with 37 genes was identified which can provide the early-warning signals of EMT. Particularly, we found that two DNB genes, i.e., SMAD7 and SERPINE1 promoted EMT by switching their regulatory network which was further validated by biological experiments. Survival analyses revealed that SMAD7 and SERPINE1 as DNB genes further acted as prognostic biomarkers for lung adenocarcinoma.