心理学家Posner等人提出的注意网络理论,将注意功能解构为警觉、定向和执行控制三个子网络。大量研究表明,注意网络测验及其变式可以有效地测量这三个注意子网络的效率及其相互作用。然而,传统的注意网络评估主要使用行为学方法进行分析...心理学家Posner等人提出的注意网络理论,将注意功能解构为警觉、定向和执行控制三个子网络。大量研究表明,注意网络测验及其变式可以有效地测量这三个注意子网络的效率及其相互作用。然而,传统的注意网络评估主要使用行为学方法进行分析,反应时和正确率等指标无法深入揭示注意功能的神经机制,具有很大的局限性。本文结合认知神经科学技术方法,从行为学、脑电、磁共振、眼动以及生物化学等方面对注意网络的大脑解剖学结构、行为学特点和神经生理学机制进行综述,并基于现有研究,对未来使用多模态融合的注意网络评估进行展望,以推动对注意网络更加全面和深入的理解,为提升注意网络功能提供理论和实证依据。The attention network theory was first proposed by psychologist Posner et al., which deconstructs the attention function into three subnetworks: vigilance, orientation and executive control. A large number of studies have shown that the attention network test and its variants could effectively measure the efficiency and interaction of the three subnetworks. However, the traditional assessment of attention network mainly uses behavioral methods for analysis. Indicators such as reaction time and accuracy could not reveal the neural mechanism of attention function in depth, which has great limitations. In this manuscript, the anatomical structure, behavioral characteristics and neurophysiological mechanism of the attention network are reviewed from the aspects of behavior, EEG/ERP, MRI, eye tracking and biochemistry. Based on the existing research, the future evaluation of the attention network using multimode fusion technology is prospected. This review promotes a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of attention networks and provides theoretical and empirical basis for enhancing attention network functions.展开更多
为了揭示背景音乐特征对注意功能的影响机制,实验基于注意网络模型和儿童注意网络测试( attention network test, A N T ) 对背景音乐如何影响注意功能进行了实验研究,进一步探讨背景音乐的节奏快慢以及有无歌词,是否会对小学儿童的注...为了揭示背景音乐特征对注意功能的影响机制,实验基于注意网络模型和儿童注意网络测试( attention network test, A N T ) 对背景音乐如何影响注意功能进行了实验研究,进一步探讨背景音乐的节奏快慢以及有无歌词,是否会对小学儿童的注意功能产生一定程度的影响,以及对注意功能的三个网络系统将分别产生如何的影响。研究结果发现:在不同节奏背景音乐下,儿童注意功能表现出不同效应,在快节凑背景音乐下,儿童注意功能表现出更好的警觉性和定向性,而慢节奏背景音乐条件下,儿童在注意功能的执行控制方面则表现出更多优势;背景音乐的有无歌词则对儿童注意功能的三个网络系统没有显著影响。研究结果表明背景音乐的节奏快慢会对儿童的注意功能及三个网络产生一定程度的影响。展开更多
This paper describes the development and challenge of HIV/AIDS testing laboratory network and quality assurance system in China. At present,the HIV/AIDS testing laboratories includes three classes,the National AIDS Re...This paper describes the development and challenge of HIV/AIDS testing laboratory network and quality assurance system in China. At present,the HIV/AIDS testing laboratories includes three classes,the National AIDS Reference Laboratory,HIV/AIDS confirmatory laboratories and HIV/AIDS screening laboratories. All of them are accredited by the health authorities,and each class of laboratories take charge of their function strictly according to the "National Management of HIV/AIDS Detection (2006)". A complete quality assurance and quality control system for HIV/AIDS testing has been developed,which includes technical training,strict laboratory monitoring and approval,examination or proficiency testing on HIV/AIDS detection,and quality evaluation and supervision of HIV/AIDS diagnostic kits. Besides conduct the routine anti-HIV antibody test,more and more laboratories began to conduct other tests,such as CD4+ T lymphocyte cell counting,HIV viral load,HIV DNA PCR,genotyping,drug resistance,and HIV-1 recent infection test. The primary challenges faced by the HIV/AIDS testing laboratory network are in the areas of laboratory management and quality control. For example,the provincial PT program is inefficient,the internal quality control is conducted perfunctorily,personnel training can not met the needs of the workplace,which need to be improved.展开更多
An experimental platform accompanying with the improved Roberts algorithm has been developed to achieve accurate and real-time edge detection of surface defects on heavy rails.Detection results of scratching defects s...An experimental platform accompanying with the improved Roberts algorithm has been developed to achieve accurate and real-time edge detection of surface defects on heavy rails.Detection results of scratching defects show that the improved Roberts operator can attain accurate positioning to defect contour and get complete edge information.Meanwhile,a decreasing amount of interference noises as well as more precise characteristic parameters of the extracted defects can also be confirmed for the improved algorithm.Furthermore,the BP neural network adopted for defects classification with the improved Roberts operator can obtain the target training precision with 98 iterative steps and time of 2s while that of traditional Roberts operator is 118 steps and 4s.Finally,an enhanced defects identification rate of 13.33%has also been confirmed after the Roberts operator is improved.The proposed detecting platform will be positive in producing high-quality heavy rails and guaranteeing the national transportation safety.展开更多
文摘心理学家Posner等人提出的注意网络理论,将注意功能解构为警觉、定向和执行控制三个子网络。大量研究表明,注意网络测验及其变式可以有效地测量这三个注意子网络的效率及其相互作用。然而,传统的注意网络评估主要使用行为学方法进行分析,反应时和正确率等指标无法深入揭示注意功能的神经机制,具有很大的局限性。本文结合认知神经科学技术方法,从行为学、脑电、磁共振、眼动以及生物化学等方面对注意网络的大脑解剖学结构、行为学特点和神经生理学机制进行综述,并基于现有研究,对未来使用多模态融合的注意网络评估进行展望,以推动对注意网络更加全面和深入的理解,为提升注意网络功能提供理论和实证依据。The attention network theory was first proposed by psychologist Posner et al., which deconstructs the attention function into three subnetworks: vigilance, orientation and executive control. A large number of studies have shown that the attention network test and its variants could effectively measure the efficiency and interaction of the three subnetworks. However, the traditional assessment of attention network mainly uses behavioral methods for analysis. Indicators such as reaction time and accuracy could not reveal the neural mechanism of attention function in depth, which has great limitations. In this manuscript, the anatomical structure, behavioral characteristics and neurophysiological mechanism of the attention network are reviewed from the aspects of behavior, EEG/ERP, MRI, eye tracking and biochemistry. Based on the existing research, the future evaluation of the attention network using multimode fusion technology is prospected. This review promotes a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of attention networks and provides theoretical and empirical basis for enhancing attention network functions.
文摘为了揭示背景音乐特征对注意功能的影响机制,实验基于注意网络模型和儿童注意网络测试( attention network test, A N T ) 对背景音乐如何影响注意功能进行了实验研究,进一步探讨背景音乐的节奏快慢以及有无歌词,是否会对小学儿童的注意功能产生一定程度的影响,以及对注意功能的三个网络系统将分别产生如何的影响。研究结果发现:在不同节奏背景音乐下,儿童注意功能表现出不同效应,在快节凑背景音乐下,儿童注意功能表现出更好的警觉性和定向性,而慢节奏背景音乐条件下,儿童在注意功能的执行控制方面则表现出更多优势;背景音乐的有无歌词则对儿童注意功能的三个网络系统没有显著影响。研究结果表明背景音乐的节奏快慢会对儿童的注意功能及三个网络产生一定程度的影响。
基金MOH Program on Applied Research in the Prevention and Treatment of AIDS (WA 2003-17)
文摘This paper describes the development and challenge of HIV/AIDS testing laboratory network and quality assurance system in China. At present,the HIV/AIDS testing laboratories includes three classes,the National AIDS Reference Laboratory,HIV/AIDS confirmatory laboratories and HIV/AIDS screening laboratories. All of them are accredited by the health authorities,and each class of laboratories take charge of their function strictly according to the "National Management of HIV/AIDS Detection (2006)". A complete quality assurance and quality control system for HIV/AIDS testing has been developed,which includes technical training,strict laboratory monitoring and approval,examination or proficiency testing on HIV/AIDS detection,and quality evaluation and supervision of HIV/AIDS diagnostic kits. Besides conduct the routine anti-HIV antibody test,more and more laboratories began to conduct other tests,such as CD4+ T lymphocyte cell counting,HIV viral load,HIV DNA PCR,genotyping,drug resistance,and HIV-1 recent infection test. The primary challenges faced by the HIV/AIDS testing laboratory network are in the areas of laboratory management and quality control. For example,the provincial PT program is inefficient,the internal quality control is conducted perfunctorily,personnel training can not met the needs of the workplace,which need to be improved.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51174151)Major Scientific Research Projects of Hubei Provincial Department of Education(No.2010Z19003)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Science and Technology Department of Hubei Province(No.2010CDB03403)Student Research Fund of WUST(No.14ZRB047)
文摘An experimental platform accompanying with the improved Roberts algorithm has been developed to achieve accurate and real-time edge detection of surface defects on heavy rails.Detection results of scratching defects show that the improved Roberts operator can attain accurate positioning to defect contour and get complete edge information.Meanwhile,a decreasing amount of interference noises as well as more precise characteristic parameters of the extracted defects can also be confirmed for the improved algorithm.Furthermore,the BP neural network adopted for defects classification with the improved Roberts operator can obtain the target training precision with 98 iterative steps and time of 2s while that of traditional Roberts operator is 118 steps and 4s.Finally,an enhanced defects identification rate of 13.33%has also been confirmed after the Roberts operator is improved.The proposed detecting platform will be positive in producing high-quality heavy rails and guaranteeing the national transportation safety.
