文章以2019年U.S.News最佳商学院(Best Business School)排名前15的大学教师为研究对象,对其最高学历及毕业单位信息进行了收集与整理,并以教师最高学历毕业院校为基准构建了有效样本为2267的互聘网络矩阵。运用UCINET 6-Version6.690软...文章以2019年U.S.News最佳商学院(Best Business School)排名前15的大学教师为研究对象,对其最高学历及毕业单位信息进行了收集与整理,并以教师最高学历毕业院校为基准构建了有效样本为2267的互聘网络矩阵。运用UCINET 6-Version6.690软件,对该互聘网络的总体密度、中心度以及特征向量等特征进行了计算与可视化呈现。研究发现:一是美国精英大学商学院教师互聘联系十分紧密,尤其是排名前5的大学,且这些大学均存在一定程度的“近亲繁殖”倾向;二是互聘网络总体呈“橄榄形”分布:除了哈佛大学位居顶端、弗吉尼亚大学与达特茅斯学院明显处于边缘地位以外,其他大学彼此差异不大,共同组成“精英大学集群”;三是互聘网络的地位格局与学科排名并不完全一致,哈佛大学、斯坦福大学和麻省理工学院在互聘网络中地位尤为突出,宾夕法尼亚大学尽管学科排名第一,但在互聘网络中居后。总体而言,美国精英大学的商学院在吸纳其他大学毕业生时相对比较开放。展开更多
Existing research on grassroots rural governance in China adopts a network perspective to explore the role of traditional social vehicles including clans,clan clusters and popular beliefs in improving village governan...Existing research on grassroots rural governance in China adopts a network perspective to explore the role of traditional social vehicles including clans,clan clusters and popular beliefs in improving village governance.However,most of this research has concentrated on analyzing the way in which horizontal network relationships lead to effective village governance.It has thus to some extent neglected the basic reality of the overlapping interconnections between the ＂top-down＂ administrative system and the informal structure of village governance.In fact,an analysis that proceeds from the features of the government＇s own organizational network,the social structure of the village itself and the position of its elites in order to focus on modes of interaction within the village under the intermixture of（formal） system design and（informal） social relations,shows that differences in the composition of the government＇s promotional networks resulting from the traits of keyofficials affect the speed of policy dissemination as well as the government＇s mode of interaction with the village elites.Moreover,differences in these modes of interaction further influence the subsequent operation of self-organization based on social traditions（＂filial piety＂ or ＂morality＂）.At the same time,structural elements,including the economic and social relations of the village itself,determine whether self-organization will improve the quality of governance in the long term.This finding can serve as a reflection on and critique of the theories of ＂strong government＂ and ＂tradition＂ current in academia.展开更多
文摘文章以2019年U.S.News最佳商学院(Best Business School)排名前15的大学教师为研究对象,对其最高学历及毕业单位信息进行了收集与整理,并以教师最高学历毕业院校为基准构建了有效样本为2267的互聘网络矩阵。运用UCINET 6-Version6.690软件,对该互聘网络的总体密度、中心度以及特征向量等特征进行了计算与可视化呈现。研究发现:一是美国精英大学商学院教师互聘联系十分紧密,尤其是排名前5的大学,且这些大学均存在一定程度的“近亲繁殖”倾向;二是互聘网络总体呈“橄榄形”分布:除了哈佛大学位居顶端、弗吉尼亚大学与达特茅斯学院明显处于边缘地位以外,其他大学彼此差异不大,共同组成“精英大学集群”;三是互聘网络的地位格局与学科排名并不完全一致,哈佛大学、斯坦福大学和麻省理工学院在互聘网络中地位尤为突出,宾夕法尼亚大学尽管学科排名第一,但在互聘网络中居后。总体而言,美国精英大学的商学院在吸纳其他大学毕业生时相对比较开放。
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China project“Research on Political Connections and Behavior of Nonprofit Organizations”(71373230)the National Social Science Fund of China project“Research on Community Governance Modes in the Context of New-type Urbanization”(15BZZ066)the National Scholarship of China Scholarship Council(201506320101)
文摘Existing research on grassroots rural governance in China adopts a network perspective to explore the role of traditional social vehicles including clans,clan clusters and popular beliefs in improving village governance.However,most of this research has concentrated on analyzing the way in which horizontal network relationships lead to effective village governance.It has thus to some extent neglected the basic reality of the overlapping interconnections between the ＂top-down＂ administrative system and the informal structure of village governance.In fact,an analysis that proceeds from the features of the government＇s own organizational network,the social structure of the village itself and the position of its elites in order to focus on modes of interaction within the village under the intermixture of（formal） system design and（informal） social relations,shows that differences in the composition of the government＇s promotional networks resulting from the traits of keyofficials affect the speed of policy dissemination as well as the government＇s mode of interaction with the village elites.Moreover,differences in these modes of interaction further influence the subsequent operation of self-organization based on social traditions（＂filial piety＂ or ＂morality＂）.At the same time,structural elements,including the economic and social relations of the village itself,determine whether self-organization will improve the quality of governance in the long term.This finding can serve as a reflection on and critique of the theories of ＂strong government＂ and ＂tradition＂ current in academia.
