张朝第三钢琴组曲《罗作与山歌》创新之处研究

当代我国的钢琴音乐创作,从单纯借鉴西方音乐作曲技法逐渐转变为对民族文化内涵的挖掘,以及对传统美学的继承与发扬,众多优秀的具有民族性的钢琴作品推动钢琴音乐朝着民族化、中国化的方向发展。国家一级作曲钢琴家张朝凭借其民族性与个性相融合的创作风格,为中国钢琴音乐的发展作出了重要贡献,他对钢琴音乐的创新值得每一名钢琴艺术者思考。文章以张朝第三钢琴组曲《罗作与山歌》为例,简要分析张朝的创作历程以及此部钢琴组曲的曲式结构,重点从节奏节拍、旋律素材、和声语汇、音色层次、演奏技法五大方面阐述钢琴组曲《罗作与山歌》的创新之处。

探究钢琴组曲《罗作与山歌》对彝族音乐元素的运用

《罗作与山歌》是张朝先生结合云南民族音乐元素所创作的一部钢琴组曲。该作品以云南省玉溪市元江哈尼族彝族傣族自治县洼垤乡、云南省红河哈尼族彝族自治州红河南岸区域的舞蹈音乐为元素进行创作,并具有云南省红河哈尼族彝族自治州红河北岸区域声乐体裁“海菜腔”的韵味。这部作品吸收了传统民族音乐文化,并具有十分严密的创作逻辑性,使钢琴音乐具有明显的民族性风格特征。

FNM method for estimating reliability of existing bridges

Combined with current specifications and stress characteristics of concrete filled steel tubular （CFST） arch bridges, the determination principle of safe-middle-failure threestage mode is given. Accordingly, damage probability and failure probability and the corresponding reliability indices are calculated; a direct relationship between reliability indices and three-stage working status is made. Based on the three-stage working mode, a combined FNM （finite element-neural network- Monte-Carlo simulation） method is put forward to estimate the reliability of existing bridges. According to time-dependent reliability theory, subsequent service time is divided into several stages; minimum samples required by the Monte-Carlo method are generated by random sampling; training samples are calculated by the finite element method, and the training samples are extended by the neural network; failure probability and damage probability are calculated by the Monte-Carlo method. Thus, time dependent reliability indices are obtained, and the working status is judged. A case study is investigated to estimate the reliability of an actual bridge by the FNM method. The bridge is a CFST arch bridge with an 83.6 m span and it has been in operation for 10 years. According to analysis results, in the tenth year, the example bridge is still in safe status. This conclusion is consistent with the facts, which proves the feasibility of the FNM method for estimating the reliability of existing bridges.

How Graphene Oxide Quenches Fluorescence of Rhodamine 6G

We investigate the fluorescence quenching of Rhodamine 6G （R6G）, a well known laser dye with a high fluorescence quantum yield, by as-synthesized graphene oxide （GO） in aqueous solution, which is found to be rather efficient. By means of steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy combined with detailed analysis about the linear absorption vari- ation for this R6G-GO system, the pertinent quenching mechanism has been elucidated to be a combination of dynamic and static quenching. Possible ground-state complexes be- tween R6G and GO during the static quenching have also been suggested. Furthermore, the direction of photoindueed electron transfer between R6G and GO has been discussed.

Parameter selection of pocket extraction algorithm using interaction interface

Pockets in proteins have been known to be very important for the life process. There have been several studies in the past to automatically extract the pockets from the structure information of known proteins. However, it is difficult to find a study comparing the precision of the extracted pockets from known pockets on the protein. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for extracting pockets from structure data of proteins and analyze the quality of the algorithm by comparing the extracted pockets with some known pockets. These results in this paper can be used to set the parameter values of the pocket extraction algorithm for getting better results.

Calculation model of military aircraft suryiyability to a missile

Since missiles are main threat against aircrafts in air war,a model is proposed for calculating the aircraft survivability to a missile.The hit characteristic of aircraft to a missile is analyzed,and then Monte Carlo method is applied to generate missile detonation location according to its distribution rule.In addition,based on the analysis of fragment trajectory and critical components,the intersection point of these two is determined.Then the kill probability of critical component to a fragment can be calculated,and the aircraft survivability to a missile is obtained accordingly.Finally,the feasibility of the proposed method is demonstrated.Simulation results show that this method captures the basic effects of missile detonation locations on aircraft survivability,which may provide an effective reference to aircraft survivability research.

Rosiglitazone enhances fluorouracil-induced apoptosis of HT-29 cells by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ

AIM： To examine whether and how rosiglitazone enhances apoptosis induced by fluorouracil in human colon cancer （HT-29） cells. METHODS： Human colon cancer HT-29 cells were cultured in vitro and treated with fluorouracil and/or rosiglitazone. Proliferation and growth of HT-29 cells were evaluated by MTF assay and trypan blue exclusion methods, respectively. The apoptosis of HT-29 cells was determined by acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining and flow cytometry using PI fluorescence staining. The expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ （PPARγ）, Bcl-2 and Bax in HT-29 cells were analyzed by Western blot. RESULTS： Although rosiglitazone at the concentration below 30 μmol/L for 72 h exerted almost no inhibitory effect on proliferation and growth of HT-29 cells, it could significantly enhance fluorouracil-induced HT-29 cell proliferation and growth inhibition. Furthermore, 10 μmol/L rosilitazone did not induce apoptosis of HT-29 cells but dramatically enhanced fluorouracil-induced apoptosis of HT-29 cells. However, rosiglitazone did not improve apoptosis induced by fluorouracil in HT-29 cells pretreated with GW9662, a PPARγ antagonist. Meanwhile, the expression of Bax and PPAR7 was upregulated, while the expression of Bcl-2 was down regulated in HT-29 cells treated with rosiglitazone in a time-dependent manner. However, the effect of rosiglitazone on Bcl-2 and Bax was blocked or diminished in the presence of GW9662. CONCLUSION： Rosiglitazone enhances fluorouracilinduced apoptosis of HT-29 cells by activating PPARγ.

Innovation in Choreography of Leonid Yakobson

To this day, the name of choreographer Leonid Yakobson is known only among the dance professionals. However his ballets and dance miniatures, along with the surprising choice of imagery and ballet language, testify that Yakobson has been one of the most outstanding choreographers of the 20th century. The aim of the article is to analyse Leonid Yakobson＇s most distinguished choreographic works. The chosen theme emphasises inovation in the choreographer＇s creative work. The chosen research method is analysis of the choreographed works of Leonid Yakobson.The article results show that his art, based on the experience of the Russian classical school of ballet, combines the early 20th century avant-garde principles with influences from the greatest choreographers of the Russian ballet.

Changing human-environment interactions in medium mountains:the Apuseni Mts(Romania)as a case study

The study of human-environment relationships in mountain areas is important for both theoretical and practical reasons, as many mountain areas suffer similar problems, such as depopulation, unemployment and natural hazards. Medium mountains constitute a special case within mountains, because they are more populated but less attractive as tourist destinations than high mountains. In this context, the Apuseni Mts （Romania） are considered as a ease study. In this paper, we apply GIS-based, quantitative methods to characterize the strength and dynamics of human-environment interactions, taking into consideration some environmental factors （elevation, relative height, slope, river distance, lithology, land cover, natural attractions） as well as historical population and recent tourism data. We found that population density has strong （r2〉0.8） relationships with all relief factors （elevation, relative height, slope, river distance）, and that best-fit functions are nonlinear. We outlined the varying demographic scenarios by elevation zones and interpreted the historically switching sign of population change versus elevation relationship. We demonstrated that lithology also has an impact on the spatial distribution of population, although it is not independent from the relief effect. The land cover of the mainly cultural landscape is very strongly correlated with relief parameters （especially slope）, which suggests good adaptation. We pointed out the dominance of karst objects in the natural tourism potential of the Apuseni Mts and also explored further components of real tourism （spas, heritage, towns）. Finally, we concluded that the environmental settings investigated do in fact constrain the spatial framework of society, but soeio-economic changes in history can be explained from the side of society, which conforms to the theory of cultural possibilism.

A comparative dosimetric study of neoadjuvant 3D conformal radiotherapy for operable rectal cancer patients versus conventional 2D radiotherapy in NCI-Cairo

Objective:This study was to compare this multiple-field conformal technique to the AP-PA technique with respect to target volume coverage and dose to normal tissues.Methods:We conducted a single institutional prospective comparative dosimetric analysis of 22 patients who received neoadjuvant radiation therapy for rectal cancer presented to radiotherapy department in National Cancer Institute,Cairo in period between June 2010 to September 2011 using 3D conformal radiotherapy technique for each patient,a second radiotherapy treatment plan was done using an anteroposterior (AP-PA) fields,the two techniques were then compared using dose volume histogram (DVH) analysis.Results:Comparing different DVHs,it was found that the planning target volume (PTV) was adequately covered in both (3D & 2D) plans while it was demonstrates that this multiple field conformal technique produces superior distribution compared to 2D technique,with considerable sparing of bladder,ovaries and head of both femora.Conclusion:From the present study,it shows that it is recommended to use 3D planning for preoperative cases of cancer rectum so far it produces good coverage of the target as well as good sparing of the surrounding critical organs.

An examination of the population dynamics of syngnathid fishes within Tampa Bay,Florida,USA

Seagrass ecosystems worldwide have been declining, leading to a decrease in associated fish populations, especially those with low mobility such as syngnathids （pipefish and seahorses）. This two-year pilot study investigated seasonal patterns in density, growth, site fidelity, and population dynamics of Tampa Bay （FL） syngnathid fishes at a site adjacent to two marinas under construction. Using a modified mark-recapture technique, fish were collected periodically from three closely located sites that varied in seagrass species （Thalassia spp., Syringodium spp., and mixed-grass sites） and their distance from open water, but had consistent physical/chemical environmental characteristics. Fish were marked, photographed for body size and gender measurements, and released the same day at the capture site. Of the 5695 individuals surveyed, 49 individuals were recaptured, indicating a large, flexible population. Population density peaks were observed in July of both years, with low densities in late winter and late summer. Spatially, syngnathid densities were highest closest to the mouth of the bay and lowest near the shoreline. Seven species of syngnathid fishes were observed, and species-specific patterns of seagrass use emerged during the study. However, only two species, Syngnathus scovelli and Hippoeampus zosterae, were observed at high frequencies. For these two species, body size decreased across the study period, but while S. scovelli＇s population density decreased, H. zosterae＇s increased. Across six of the seven species, population size declined over the course of this preliminary study; however, seasonal shifts were impossible to distinguish from potential anthropogenic effects of construction [Current Zoology 56 （1）： 118-133, 2010].

Systems Analysis in the Study of the Political Elite

The main topic of the research is applying of systems approach in studying of political elite. This approach was applied in the analysis of Russia＇s regional power elite （1991 to 2010）. The elite was studied as a complex self-reference system oriented at its own environment, not only in an adaptive way, but first and foremost in structure. The systems approach specifies the following conceptual framework of the study： self-reference, system boundaries, and interaction between the political elite and the surrounding world. Application of the systems analysis to studying the political elite enabled to analyze the structure and functions of the elite, create a model of elitogenesis, and receive study matrix.

Planning and Organizing the Projects in Team Co Cakovec, Croatia

The paper systemizes standard methods of planning, monitoring and controlling the realization of construction works in civil engineering projects and overviews the implementation of the methods in Team Co Cakovec from Croatia. The specificities of the methods are shown through the different construction works projects. Also, paper reviews the implementation, modification and improvement of existing methods for planning, monitoring and controlling the realization of projects in Team Co.

I Celebrate Myself ＆ I Sing Myself： Romulus Bucur on Romulus Bucur＇s Ditties

The present paper, in spite of its quite scandalous title, is just a serious reflection, from the inside, on a certain part of the poetry of a contemporary Romanian poet （the author of the paper himself）, in the line of a tradition starting with Poe＇s Philosophy of Composition （1846）, passing through the avant-garde and ending, for the moment, in Andy Warhol＇s self-promotion. The analysis from the inside and the honest reflection of the interplay between poetry, music, and contemporary popular culture might lead to a better understanding of the poetry made at the end of the 20th century--beginning of the 21 st century. The corpus analyzed is a series of poems written between 1994 and the present day, under the generic title of ditty, published in several books （between which a bilingual pamphlet, Ditties/Cfntecelce）, 1998）, and the paper speaks about their genesis, their poetics, and hopes to help the process of their interpretation, as well as to bring a new interpretation of the poetry/music relationship

The Antioxidant Effects of Complexes of Tilapia Fish Skin Collagen and Different Marine Oligosaccharides

An excess of reactive oxygen species（ROS）leads to a variety of chronic health problems.As potent antioxidants,marine bioactive extracts containing oligosaccharides and peptides have been extensively studied.Recently,there is a growing interest in protein-polysaccharide complexes because of their potential uses in pharmaceutical and food industries.However,only few studies are available on the antioxidant activities of such complexes,in terms of their ROS scavenging capability.In this study,we combined and superoxide radicals,and to evaluate the influences on the activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD）,glutathione peroxidase（GSH-Px）and the level of malondialdehyde（MDA）in UV-induced photoaging models.The results indicated that the antioxidant activities of all the complexes were stronger than those of their individual components.Among the 11 complexes tested,two complexes,namely MA1000＋CP and κ-ca3000＋CP,turned out to be highly effective antioxidants.Although the detailed mechanisms of this improved scavenging ability are not fully understood,this work provides insights into the design of highly efficient peptide-oligosaccharide complexes for potential applications in pharmaceutical,cosmetics and food industries.

The Shanghai Cooperation Organization （SCO）： Prospects and Problems in Russia-China Relations

After the collapse of Soviet Union, both Russia and China started to normalize their bilateral relations. Russia lost her geopolitical sphere and China started to broaden his influence in Asian-Pacific and Central Asian regions. The function of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization （SCO） is changing from symbolic to more substantial cooperation. It seems to be that the SCO plays multiple roles in Russia-China relations both in anti-terrorism and in energy economy. This paper is devoted to exploring the functions of the SCO and to seeing the problems in furthering Russia-China relations

Study of the Interaction of Dimethyl-β-Cyclodextrin （M-CD） and Phenolthalin by Color

This paper reports the spectrophotometrical determination of the dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin （M-fl-CD）. The inclusion phenomenal of phenolthalin by M-β-CD is verified by the red color fading gradually with the increasing concentration of M-β-CD.

The Education of the Children of Immigrants： A Cross-Cultural Study Between New York and Rome

Teachers of CLD （culturally and linguistically diverse） public school students New York and Rome, Italy were interviewed about their work with this unique, growing subset of learners. The 12 teachers＇ stories highlight myriad issues facing educators across the globe. Each teacher had recently participated in a research-based and government-sponsored professional development program focused on second language acquisition and culturally responsive pedagogy. Themes emerged through the analysis of individual interviews and classroom observations. These findings highlight teachers＇ perceptions of effective professional development, along with identification of institutional barriers impeding the delivery of best practices to CLD students. Cross-cultural comparisons are made which suggest an inconsistency in educational services for CLD students, along with an urgent need for professional development courses for teachers and administrators. The educators＇ voices shed light on both the challenges and rewards associated with this important work.

A comparative dosimetric study of adjuvant 3D conformal radiotherapy for operable stomach cancer versus AP-PA conventional radiotherapy in NCI-Cairo

Objective： Of this study was to compare this multiple-field conformal technique to the AP-PA technique with re- spect to target volume coverage and dose to normal tissues. Methods： Seventeen patients with stages Ⅱ-Ⅲ denocarcinoma of the stomach were treated with adjuvant postoperative chemoradiotherapy presented to radiotherapy department in National Cancer Institute, Cairo in period between February 2009 to March 2010 using 3D conformal radiotherapy technique that consisted of a monoisocentric arrangement Employing 4-6 radiation fields. For each patient, a second radiotherapy treatment plan was generated utilizing AP-PA fields, the two techniques were then compared for target volume coverage and dose to normal tissues using dose volume histogram （DVH） analysis. Results： The planning target volume （PTV） was adequately covered in both （ 3D ＆ 2D ） plans, comparative DVHs for the right kidney, left kidney and spinal cord demonstrate lower radiation doses using the conformal technique especially for left kidney ＆ spinal cord, but the liver doses is higher but still well below liver tolerance. Conclusion： 3D conformal radiotherapy produced reduced radiation doses to the kidneys （especially left kidney ＆ spinal cord） compared to AP-PA techniques, with the potential to reduce treatment toxicity.

The Influence of Different Nitrogen Treatments on the Growth and Yield of Basil （Ocimum Basificum L.）

Sweet basil （Ocimum basilicum L.） is a popular culinary herbal crop grown for the fresh or dry leaf, essential oil and seed markets. Recently, basil has been shown to rank highest among spices and herbal crops for xanthophyll carotenoids, which are associated with a decreased risk of cancer and age-related eye diseases. Nitrogen fertilizer encourages vegetative growth and increases oil yield in aromatic plants by enhancing leaf area development and photosynthetic rate. Our goal was to determine the influence of different concentrations of nitrogen （N） fertilization on basil physiology. The trial examined the cultivation of Ocimum basilicum L. （variety Genovese gigante）. The experiment was carried out under Mediterranean climatic conditions. The experiment considered the adoption of three nitrogen （N） treatments （0, 160, 240 kg N ha-1）. The following biometric parameters were determined： plant height, leaves per plant, leaf to stem ratio, number of branchings per plant, leaf area index （LAI）, above-ground fresh and leaf biomass. Considering the parameters most strictly linked to the economic results （total fresh weight, fresh weight of the leaves and total dry weight）, we found that 160 kg N ha^-1 treatment showed the best performance.