UNIDO力促中国医疗卫生产业发展——访联合国工业发展组织中国投资处国别项目主任罗响

2004年4月,联合国工业发展组织中国投资促进处与西安高新医院签约,将支持该院的整体建设与战略发展,这也是联合国工业发展组织在中国国内首个推进股份制医疗机构产业化、集团化、国际化的项目.据悉,未来几年,联合国工业发展组织还将陆续与国内一些医疗机构开展合作,共同推进中国医疗卫生产业的发展.

Adaptation of Foreign Labor in Russia

The article is devoted to problems of adaptation of foreign labor in Russia. The feature of approach to analysis of the problem lies in trying to examine this process at several levels： macro-level, meso-level, micro-level, and individual level. The major factors influencing adaptation of foreign labor at each level are allocated. It is assumed between foreign workers and local communities. The author considers such aspects as the relation of local communities to arrival of foreign labor, the reasons for arrival of foreign labor to Russia and features of contact of local communities with foreign workers. This position is proved by means of a case study conducted in Yekaterinburg.

A Record of Anthropogenic Effects on Sedimentation in the Manatee River, Florida

Increased sedimentation rates have been attributed to increased anthropogenic activity in watersheds throughout Florida and many parts of the world. The Manatee River, located on the west coast of Florida （USA）, like many other coastal watersheds, has experienced depletion in natural resources, increased nutrient loading, and increased pollution. LARs （linear accumulation rates） from watersheds throughout Florida suggest that anthropogenic activity increased bulk sedimentation by as much as 4-fold. The objective of this study was to construct a record of sedimentation and improve upon previous studies by determining individual sedimentary constituent MARs （mass accumulation rates） based on short lived radioisotopes （2~~pb and 234Th） to characterize changes in sedimentation attributed to increased anthropogenic development. This study constructed records of sedimentary accumulation rates to compare pre-development records to the past 100 years of anthropogenic development and identified specific changes in sedimentation attributed to anthropogenic activity. Anthropogenic development increased deposition of terrigenous material into the river from 2-fold to I 0-fold （0.3-2.0 g/cm2/yr） over three periods： （1） predevelopment period （1900-1941）; （2） agricultural development period （1941-1970）; （3） urban development period （1970-2010）. The mobilization of this amount of terrigenous material has implications for effects on water quality and biological communities within the river.

Edge influence on herbaceous plant species,diversity and soil properties in sparse oak forest fragments in Iran

Forest edges have been well studied in temperate and tropical forests,but less so in open canopy forests.We investigated edge influence on plant species diversity and soil properties in sparse oak forest fragments.Data were collected along three transects from the edge to the interior of three small(under 10 ha)and three large(over 10 ha)oak forest fragments in Kermanshah Province,Iran.We measured herbaceous plants(<0.5 m in height)and soil attributes at 0(forest edge),25,50,100 and 150 m.We quantified species diversity using the Shannon index,used rarefaction to compare species richness between two different sizes of fragments and applied non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination to investigate the variation in species composition.We estimated the distance of edge influence using randomization tests.Generalized linear mixed models with post-hoc Tukey’s HSD tests were used to assess the effects of distance from edge and fragment size on diversity and soil properties.We found greater species richness,diversity and evenness at the edge of both small and large fragments and lower nitrogen and organic carbon at the edge compared to the interior of large fragments,with most changes within 50 m of the edge.Species composition,organic carbon and total nitrogen were significantly different between small and large fragments.Our findings of significant edge influence on herbaceous plants and soil properties in these sparse forests provide a significant contribution to the literature on edges,especially in relation to herbaceous plants.

Readily accessible rhodamine B-based photoresponsive material

A photochromic rhodamine B-based material containing Cd（Ⅱ） as bridge was facilely prepared. The 4-methoxylsalicylalde hyde rhodamine B bydrazone Cd（Ⅱ） complex displayed unusual ring-open response upon 365 nm UV irradiation, exhibiting long photochromic lifetime and good fatigue resistance. The UV-induced ring-open of the complex led to a distinct color and fluorescence change in acetonitrile. A new mechanism was put forward： salicylaldehyde part in the complex underwent UV-promoted isomerization from enol-form to keto-form, enhancing the chelation of Cd（Ⅱ） and yielding the ring-opening rhodamine B part. Compared to other reported photochromic systems, this new photochromic material offered attractive new insights into the development of low cost photochromic materials with good performance.

Application of artificial neural networks for unfolding neutron spectra by using a scintillation detector

The unfolding of neutron spectra from the pulse height distribution measured by a BC501A scintillation detector is accomplished by the application of artificial neural networks (ANN). A simple linear neural network without biases and hidden layers is adopted. A set of monoenergetic detector response functions in the energy range from 0.25 MeV to 16 MeV with an energy interval of 0.25 MeV are generated by the Monte Carlo code O5S in the training phase of the unfolding process. The capability of ANN was demonstrated successfully using the Monte Carlo data itself and experimental data obtained from the Am-Be neutron source and D-T neutron source.