Crohn＇s disease and ulcerative colitis are chronic relapsing immune mediated disorders that results from an aberrant response to gut luminal antigen in genetically susceptible host. The adaptive immune response that ...Crohn＇s disease and ulcerative colitis are chronic relapsing immune mediated disorders that results from an aberrant response to gut luminal antigen in genetically susceptible host. The adaptive immune response that is then triggered was widely considered to be a T-helper-1 mediated condition in Crohn＇s disease and T-helpero2 mediated condition in ulcerative colitis. Recent studies in animal models, genome wide association, and basic science has provided important insights in in the immunopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease, one of which was the characterization of the interleukin-23/Th-17 axis.展开更多
The complete sequence of the mitochondrial genome of the Japanese snapping shrimp Alpheus japonicus Miers （Crustacea： Decapoda： Caridea） is presented here. A comparative analysis based on the currently available m...The complete sequence of the mitochondrial genome of the Japanese snapping shrimp Alpheus japonicus Miers （Crustacea： Decapoda： Caridea） is presented here. A comparative analysis based on the currently available mitochondrial genomic data re- vealed many previously unknown characteristics of the mitochondrial genomes of caridean shrimps. The A. japonicus mito- chondrial genome is 16487 bp long and contains the typical set of 37 metazoan genes. The gene arrangements in the mito- chondrial genomes of four previously studied carideans （Macrobrachium rosenbergii, M. nipponense, M. lanchesteri and Halocaridina rubra） were found to be identical to the pancrustacean ground pattern; thus, it was considered that gene rear- rangements probably did not occur in the suborder Caridea. In the present study, a translocation of the trnE gene involving in- version was found in Alpheus mitochondrial genomes. This phenomenon has not been reported in any other crustacean mito- chondrial genome that has been studied so far; however, the translocation of one transfer RNA gene （trnP or trnT） was report- ed in the mitochondrial genome of Exopalaemon carinicauda. When the ratios of the nonsynonymous and synonymous sub- stitutions rates （Ka/Ks） for the 13 protein coding genes from two Alpheus species （A. japonicus and A. distinguendus） and three Macrobrachium species （M. rosenbergii, M. nipponense, M. lanchesteri） were calculated, the KaIKs values for all the protein coding genes in Alpheus and Macrobrachium mitochondrial genomes were found to be less than 1 （between 0.0048 and 0.2057）, indicating that a strong purification selection had occurred. The phylogenetic tree that was constructed based on the mitochondrial protein coding genes in the genomes of nine related species indicated that Palaemonidae and Alpheidae formed a monophyly and shared a statistically significant relationship, （Palaemonidae＋Alpheidae）＋Atyidae, at the family level.展开更多
文摘Crohn＇s disease and ulcerative colitis are chronic relapsing immune mediated disorders that results from an aberrant response to gut luminal antigen in genetically susceptible host. The adaptive immune response that is then triggered was widely considered to be a T-helper-1 mediated condition in Crohn＇s disease and T-helpero2 mediated condition in ulcerative colitis. Recent studies in animal models, genome wide association, and basic science has provided important insights in in the immunopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease, one of which was the characterization of the interleukin-23/Th-17 axis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40906067 and 31172054)Special Funds From the Central Finance to Support the Development of Local Universities(Grant No. CXTD04)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project (Grant No. 2012M510054)the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology (Grant Nos. 2009HS12 and 2009HS13)
文摘The complete sequence of the mitochondrial genome of the Japanese snapping shrimp Alpheus japonicus Miers （Crustacea： Decapoda： Caridea） is presented here. A comparative analysis based on the currently available mitochondrial genomic data re- vealed many previously unknown characteristics of the mitochondrial genomes of caridean shrimps. The A. japonicus mito- chondrial genome is 16487 bp long and contains the typical set of 37 metazoan genes. The gene arrangements in the mito- chondrial genomes of four previously studied carideans （Macrobrachium rosenbergii, M. nipponense, M. lanchesteri and Halocaridina rubra） were found to be identical to the pancrustacean ground pattern; thus, it was considered that gene rear- rangements probably did not occur in the suborder Caridea. In the present study, a translocation of the trnE gene involving in- version was found in Alpheus mitochondrial genomes. This phenomenon has not been reported in any other crustacean mito- chondrial genome that has been studied so far; however, the translocation of one transfer RNA gene （trnP or trnT） was report- ed in the mitochondrial genome of Exopalaemon carinicauda. When the ratios of the nonsynonymous and synonymous sub- stitutions rates （Ka/Ks） for the 13 protein coding genes from two Alpheus species （A. japonicus and A. distinguendus） and three Macrobrachium species （M. rosenbergii, M. nipponense, M. lanchesteri） were calculated, the KaIKs values for all the protein coding genes in Alpheus and Macrobrachium mitochondrial genomes were found to be less than 1 （between 0.0048 and 0.2057）, indicating that a strong purification selection had occurred. The phylogenetic tree that was constructed based on the mitochondrial protein coding genes in the genomes of nine related species indicated that Palaemonidae and Alpheidae formed a monophyly and shared a statistically significant relationship, （Palaemonidae＋Alpheidae）＋Atyidae, at the family level.
