寒区L型挡土墙的冻胀防治研究(英文)

为研究寒区(季节冻土)L型挡土墙的冻胀防治措施,在日本国立北见工业大学冻土试验场进行了挡土墙的冻胀试验。挡土墙由无冻胀防治措施和有冻胀防治措施(置换工法)区间构成。通过3个冻融循环期的墙后土体温度、冻结面分布及墙体变形等的现场测试,验证了置换工法的有效性,并分析了挡土墙的冻胀破坏机理。另外,结合数值分析对各种挡土墙断面冻结面形状进行推算,提出了利用冻结指数或冻结深度确定墙后土体的置换范围的方法。

不同假体设计与安装参数对全髋术后关节活动度的影响

目的研究全髋关节假体安装参数、不同头颈直径比和颈干角对假体撞击和髋关节活动范围的影响,分析髋臼杯位相安全范围及杯颈前倾角优化组合。方法建立人工全髋关节三维可视化计算机模型,将同时满足髋关节屈曲≥110°、屈曲90°内旋≥30°、后伸≥30°、外旋≥40°定义为日常生活活动范围普通标准,而将屈曲≥120°、屈曲90°内旋≥45°、后伸≥30°、外旋≥40°定义为严格标准,头颈比变化范围为2.00～2.92,股骨假体前倾角变化范围为0°～30°,髋臼假体外展角变化范围为10°～60°,髋臼前倾角变化范围为0°～70°,颈干角设定为130°和135°;计算满足上述两种活动范围,臼杯外展角每变化5°,相应的髋臼假体前倾角安装参数,并对数据进行分析。结果头颈比>2.37时,安全范围面积增大明显;严格标准条件下的安全范围比普通标准的小。颈干角130°,普通标准和严格标准活动度下,髋臼杯前倾角(Y)与股骨假体前倾角(X)的关系分别为Y1=-0.8164X1+41.914,Y2=-0.8028X2+47.094;允许的最小髋臼外展角(IAmin)和头颈比(HNR)的关系分别为IAmin'1=168.13HNR1-2.504,IAmin'2=213.79HNR2-2.272;当颈干角从135°移向130°,杯安全范围移向杯前倾角较小的区域,面积也有所减小。结论髋臼杯位相安全范围随着头颈比增大而增大;头颈比>2.37是比较合适的。髋关节活动范围要求越高,臼杯位相安全范围就越小,但可以通过增大头颈比来纠正。允许的最小髋臼外展角随着头颈比增大而变小;杯前倾角与股骨前倾角呈负相关。颈前倾角的增大和颈干角的变小均使得杯安全范围移向杯前倾角较小的区域,杯外展角随着颈干角增大而变小。

Efficacy of acupuncture during post-acute phase of rehabilitation after total knee arthroplasty

OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to determine whether acupuncture is effective in reducing pain and swelling around the knee and improving range of motion(ROM) during the post-acute phase of rehabilitation after total knee arthroplasty(TKA).METHODS:Following TKA,80 knees in 80 patients were randomly assigned to either an acupuncture treatment group(Group A) or a control group(Group C).In Group A,the complementary treatment of acupuncture was performed three times/week from postoperative day 7 until postoperative day 21.Outcome measures were:i) pain as assessed by a visual analog scale;ii) reduction of swelling around the knee as indicated by its circumference at the center of the patella;and iii) ROM of the affected knee.RESULTS:Group A patients had significantly reduced pain and swelling around the knees and earlier recovery of ROM than did those in Group C.CONCLUSION:Acupuncture provides effective treatment during the post-acute phase of rehabilitation after TKA with respect to pain relief,reduction of swelling around the knee,and early recovery of ROM.