宁夏地区2019—2022年羊口蹄疫O型免疫抗体检测分析

为了了解评估宁夏地区2019—2022年羊口蹄疫O型免疫抗体检测效果情况,从22个县、市(区)分别随机抽取1个规模羊场、5个散养户,共264个规模羊场、880个散养户,采集5330份羊血清样品,通过液相阻断ELISA方法进行O型口蹄疫免疫抗体检测。结果:2019—2022年羊血清样品口蹄疫O型免疫抗体合格率分别为97.58%、87.95%、95.61%和93.14%,均达到国家规定≥70%的标准要求。结论:宁夏地区22个县、市(区)羊O型口蹄疫免疫抗体效果整体较好,强制免疫工作达到预期效果,但部分地区免疫水平偏低,仍需要加强基层动物防疫体系建设,强化养殖场动物防疫主体责任,加大强制免疫宣传力度,及时进行排查补免,提高羊群免疫抗体水平,从而达到保护效果。

2021—2023年兰州新区羊A型、O型口蹄疫免疫效果评估

为科学有效地掌握兰州新区羊口蹄疫疫苗免疫情况,2021—2023年在该辖区采集羊血清2340份,采用液相阻断ELISA法检测A型、O型口蹄疫抗体水平并统计结果,为后期补免工作提供数据依据。结果表明:2021—2023年兰州新区春秋季羊A型口蹄疫免疫抗体合格率分别为75%、70%,78%、89%,70%、78%;羊O型口蹄疫免疫抗体合格率分别为82%、75%,84%、83%,71%、70%;羊A型、O型口蹄疫免疫抗体合格率均≥70%。综上所述,兰州新区羊口蹄疫免疫效果整体良好,但是部分指标仅勉强合格,需要加强补免工作,做到应免尽免,有效落实以免疫为主的综合防控措施,切实做好羊口蹄疫疫情预防工作,推动兰州新区羊产业高质量发展。

复合菌培养物及酵母类多糖对羔羊免疫功能影响的研究

为研究复合菌培养物及复合酵母多糖对羔羊免疫功能的影响,本实验选取150只40~50日龄健康羔羊,随机分为5组,在实验开始时同时给各组羊免疫O型口蹄疫(FMD)疫苗并饲喂实验饲料,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,实验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组在基础饲粮上分别添加复合菌培养物(50 g/kg)、复合酵母多糖(10 g/kg)、β-葡聚糖和甘露聚糖均为2 g/kg。分别于实验期第1 d、30 d和60 d采血,分别采用ELISA法检测血清中白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α)、干扰素-γ (IFN-γ)、溶菌酶(LZM)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)含量及O型口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)抗体效价(1 d、15 d和30 d)。结果显示,第1 d和30 d各组各检测指标差异不显著;第60 d,与对照组相比,Ⅰ组羔羊血清中TNF-α、IFN-γ、 IL-4、IL-1β、IL-2、IL-6及LZM、ACP含量及O型FMDV抗体效价均显著升高(P<0.05);Ⅱ组羔羊血清中LZM、IL-4及ACP含量显著提高(P<0.05);Ⅲ组羔羊血清中IL-1β、IL-6、IL-4、IFN-γ、LZM、ACP含量及O型FMDV抗体效价均显著升高(P<0.05);Ⅳ组羔羊血清中IL-4含量显著升高(P<0.05)。分别对上述时间点采集的抗凝血裂解红细胞后加入各荧光标记的抗体,采用流式细胞术检测各组羊外周血T淋巴细胞亚群百分比及CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)T淋巴细胞比值。结果显示,与对照组相比,Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组羔羊外周血CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞的百分比显著升高(P<0.05),Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组羔羊外周血CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)T淋巴细胞比值显著升高(P<0.05)。综上所述,本研究首次证实添加复合菌培养物、复合酵母多糖和β-葡聚糖能够在一定程度上提高羔羊的天然免疫、体液免疫及细胞免疫反应,从而提高羔羊的抗FMD能力,且以复合菌培养物的效果最优,为复合菌培养物在羔羊养殖中的应用提供参考依据。

渭南市部分地区奶山羊O型口蹄疫与小反刍兽疫抗体检测与分析

为了掌握渭南市部分地区奶山羊O型口蹄疫与小反刍兽疫的实际免疫效果,及时发现存在问题及潜在风险,为科学防控口蹄疫与小反刍兽疫提供可靠依据。本研究对规模奶山羊场和散养户不同免疫程序下羊O型口蹄疫和小反刍兽疫免疫抗体进行检测和分析,从检测结果来看,规模场与规模场之间、散养户和散养户之间、规模场与散养户之间都存在较大差异。建议个别场区在进行实验室检测后二次免疫和补免,以达到疫病防控在目的。

羊黑疫并发羊肝片吸虫病的诊断与防治

介绍了羊黑疫并发羊肝片吸虫病的病原及致病机理,分析了流行特点与临床症状,并为羊养殖户及相关人员提出具体诊断和防治方法,以供参考。

羊快疫的快速确诊和扑灭

近几年来,我区某些农村先后发生过羊快疫。笔者在现场快速确认的基础上,采用先内服0.1%高锰酸钾溶液等措施快速控制和扑灭,以后尽快注射“羊快疫、猝狙、肠毒血症三联疫苗”以达到长期免疫,使疫情均在4～6天内得到迅速的控制和扑灭,效果满意。现将1989年10月上、中旬宁武县阳方村暴发羊快疫后快速确诊和扑灭的情况报告如下。

羊痒疫及其相关疾病病原体——朊病毒

朊病毒是羊痒疫及其相关疾病如人的库鲁病、疯牛病及牛海绵状脑组织疾病的病原体。本文综述了朊病毒的理化性质、形态结构、组织分布、分离鉴定及其分子生物学研究的最新进展。

羊口疮疫综合防治

羊口疮疫属于病毒性传染疾病,传播迅速且羔羊易发,病羊死亡率较高,严重危机羊养殖户的经济利益。该文分析羊口疮疫病原、流行性特点、症状及临床诊断标准,并提出针对性的治疗措施与预防措施,旨在促进羊口疮疫综合防治水平提升,减少羊养殖户经济损失。

羊肺疫病因分析及防治措施

细致分析当前羊肺疫的致病机制特点及致病原因,有助于制定更加完善和高效的综合防治方案,实践中取得更加理想的防治效果,值得业内借鉴参考。

患羊痒疫及牛海绵状脑病的羊脑中PrP^d的不同免疫反应性

本实验应用多种抗PrP^d的单克隆抗体来研究分别感染羊痒疫或牛海绵状脑病(BSE)病原的羊脑中PrP^d蛋白沉积类型的差异。

羊小反刍兽疫的疫情处置及防控体会

几年间，小反刍兽疫迅速蔓延开来。就流行疫情分析，此病的发生，与羊只频繁流通、禽畜交易频繁、防病意识淡薄等等，有着很大的关系。针对出现的羊反刍兽疫疫情，我们有必要准确了解此病发生特点，掌握基本的诊治要点。同时，注意与传染性胸膜肺炎、巴氏杆菌、链球菌病等的鉴别诊断。此病的危害极大，发现疑似病例，最好能直接捕杀患羊和同群羊，严格无公害化处理病死畜。同时，注意严格消毒管理，紧急防疫接种，将此病的发生严格控制在萌芽阶段。

淋巴组织PrP^sc的快速检测及其在羊痒疫监测中的应用

羊痒疫是一种致命、长潜伏期、以海绵样脑病变为特征的传染性海绵样变性脑病（TSE），PrP^sc是其致病阑子。PrP^sc在感染动物淋巴组织中的积聚先于中枢神经系统（CNS），故此部位PrP^sc的检测具有早期诊断意义；但现有的商业化PrP^sc检测试剂盒只适用于检测CNS，而检测淋巴组织所使用的Western印迹（WB）检测方法需浓缩淋巴组织标本且耗时长，不适用于监测。本文作者建立了检测淋巴组织内PrP^sc快速WB方法，并检测了死亡羊的脑组织和扁桃体。

淋巴毒素抑制剂可降低对羊痒疫的易感性

传染性海绵状脑病(TSE)是一种由朊毒体引起的可以传染人、野生动物及驯养动物的慢性神经退行性疾病。受TSE致病因子(PrP^Sc)感染后，大量的PrP^Sc通常首先聚集在淋巴组织，然后通过外周神经侵袭中枢神经系统。早期PrP^Sc聚集在生发中心的滤泡树突细胞(FDC)。

Differential Expression of Immune Genes between Body Side Skin and Groin Skin of Aohan Fine Wool Sheep

[Objective] To get major genes for wool traits regulation from immune genes. [Methods] Microarray technology was used to detect differentially expressed immune genes between body side skin （more wool growing） and groin skin （no wool growing） of Aohan fine wool sheep. [Results] 46 immune genes （fold change 〉2.0） were identified and classified, and then 6 of which were selected for QPCR confir- mation. The degree of consistency of the QPCR and microarray results was 66.67%, [Conclusion] Immune privilege may participate in wool growth regulation.

Construction and Identification of a Goat Pox Virus Transfer Vector to Express Peste des Petits Ruminants H gene

[Objective] This study was to develop a live vector vaccine of goat pox virus of Peste des petits ruminants(PPR). [Method] Using PCR amplification technique, PPR H gene was obtained, then ligated into pGEM-T easy vector; the recombinants were digested by Nhe Ⅰ and Hind Ⅲ, and ligated into pEGFP-N1-P7.5, yielding the recombinant vector pEGFP-N1-P7.5-H; next the expression cassette EGFP-N1-P7.5-H was first released from recombinant vector pEGFP-N1-P7.5-H by double digestion of Hind Ⅲ and Nhe Ⅰ and ligated into pUC119-TK that was digested by Kpn Ⅰ, yielding the transfer vector pUC119-TK-EGFP-P7.5-H. [Result] Identification and double enzyme digestion showed that the transfer vector pUC119-TK-EGFP-P7.5-H was correctly constructed. From the transfer vector transfected BHK-21 cells which infected GTPV AV41, specific fluorescence was observed at 48th h of transfection. [Conclusion] The construction of goat poxvirus live vector laid a foundation for the live vector vaccine of PPR vaccine.

Long-term modulation of the immune system by perinatal nutrition

Nutrition during perinatal period is more critical for the developme nt of the immune system than during adulthood, and the relationship between earl y nutrition and diseases in later life has been established. In humans and labor atory animals, the plasticity of metabolic function in foetuses or neonates enab les them to adapt to malnutrition for survival; however, such an adaptation, as usually evidenced by retarded growth, stunted development of lymphoid organs and impaired immunocompetence, can maintain and persist into later life even when n utrition is improved. Early nutrition may thus programme' the immune system of a nimals. Limited experimental studies have also revealed that long-term immunity against nematode parasites in sheep can be enhanced by a short-term protein su pplementation shortly after weaning, a form of 'nutritional programming', but su ch an effect appears to vanish if the nutritional status of young animals alread y meets at least the requirement for maintenance.

Analysis and Countermeasures of Intercepted Exotic Weed Epidemics from Wool in Jiangsu Ports

The situation of intercepted weeds from wooI in Jiangsu port during 2004 to 2012 was introduced in this paper, and the corresponding countermeasures were then proposed. The resuIts showed that a total of 38 famiIies, 138 genera, 268 species and 13 868 species-times of weeds were intercepted, incIuding 3 famiIies, 11 genera, 20 species and 2 094 species-times of quarantine weeds. The weeds were intercepted from the wooI introduced from 19 countries and regions, among which, Australia had the highest species-times, accounting for 71.0% of the total. Bases on the analysis of interception situation of weeds, some countermeasures were pro-posed from the perspectives of risk assessment, quarantine supervision, quarantine treatment and epidemic surveiI ance, providing some reference for estabIishing a perfect system for preventing the invasion of exotic weeds.

Immune Potential of a Novel Multiple-epitope Vaccine to FMDV Type Asia 1 in Guinea Pigs and Sheep

To develop a safe and efficient recombinant subunit vaccine to foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) type Asia 1 in sheep, a tandem repeated multiple-epitope gene consisting of residues 137-160 and 197-211 of the VP1 gene of FMDV was designed and artificially synthesized. The biologically functional molecule, the ovine IgG heavy constant region (oIgG) as a protein carrier was introduced for design of the multiple-epitope recombinant vaccine and recombinant expression plasmids pET-30a-RE and pET-30a-RE-oIgG were successfully constructed. The recombinant proteins, RE and RE-oIgG, were expressed as a formation of inclusion bodies in E. coli. The immune potential of this vaccine regime in guinea pigs and sheep was evaluated. The results showed that IgG could significantly enhance the immune potential of antigenic epitopes. The recombinant protein RE-oIgG could not only elicit the high levels of neutralizing antibodies and lymphocytes proliferation responses in the vaccinated guinea pigs, but confer complete protection in guinea pigs against virus challenge. Although the recombinant protein RE could not confer protection in the vaccinated animals, it could delay the appearance of the clinical signs and reduce the severity of disease. Inspiringly, the titers of anti-FMDV neutralizing antibodies elicited in sheep vaccinated with RE-oIgG was significantly higher than that for the RE vaccination. Therefore, we speculated that this vaccine formulation may be a promising strategy for designing a novel vaccine against FMDV in the future.

Expression of Endogenous Beta Retroviruses and Hyal-2 mRNA in Immune Organs of Fetuses and Lambs

Endogenous beta retroviruses (enJSRV) are highly homologous with Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (exJSRV),this exogenous retrovirus is the aetiological agent of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA). The aim of this study was to clarify the function of enJSRV and the immunological mechanisms of its corresponding antibody, that is undetectable in JSRV-infected ovine serum. The expression of enJSRV envelope protein and Hyal-2 mRNA in immune organs and lungs of ovine fetuses and lambs were analyzed by Real-Time reverse transcription PCR and In Situ Hybridization using specific probes. In Situ Hybridization results indicated that the enJSRV envelope protein and Hyal-2 mRNA were expressed in thymus, spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes and lungs at different times, while no positive signals were detected in the negative controls. On the other hand, results from Real-Time reverse transcription PCR analysis showed that in 130d fetuses and 3d newborn lambs the enJSRV mRNA levels were much higher in organs associated with the immune system than that in lungs, especially in the thymus and spleen, but levels of Hyal-2 mRNA expression was not significantly different in all collected tissue. These results provided evidence from an immunology point of view to understand why the circulating antibodies against exJSRV are undetectable in JSRV-infected ovine, and will help to unravel the pathogenesis of JSRV-infected ovine.

Study on Passive Immunity:time of Vaccination in Kids Born to Goats Vaccinated Against Peste des petits ruminants

In this study,the decay of maternal peste des petits ruminants virus(PPRV) antibodies in kids born to goats vaccinated with Asian lineage IV PPR vaccine and the efficacy of passive immunity against PPRV was assessed to determine the appropriate period for vaccination in kids.Serum samples collected from kids born to vaccinated,unvaccinated and infected goats at different time intervals were tested by PPR competitive ELISA and serum neutralization test(SNT).Maternal antibodies in kids were detectable up to 6 months with a decline trend from the third month onwards and receded below the protective level by the fourth month.The kid with an SN titre of 1:8 at the time of immunization showed significant PPRV specific antibody response(percentage inhibition of 76;SN titers >1:16),when tested on 21 day post-vaccination and was completely protected from infection upon virulent PPRV challenge.Similarly,the kid with 1:8 SN titers was completely protected from PPR infection on active challenge.Therefore,PPR vaccination is recommended in kids,aged 4 months and born to immunized or exposed goats.This could be a suitable period to avoid window of susceptibility in kids to PPRV and the effort to eliminate PPR infection from susceptible populations.