Among the numerous inland river basins in the arid northwest China,Shiyang River basin is known for its most serious water shortage that constrains its social and economic developments and for some of the worst ecolog...Among the numerous inland river basins in the arid northwest China,Shiyang River basin is known for its most serious water shortage that constrains its social and economic developments and for some of the worst ecological and environmental deterioration in China.The research on the value of water resources used for ecosystem is the basis for reasonable allocation of water resources between users of ecosystem and economic system.In this paper the concept of dynamic value for the ecosystem services is proposed.A modified coefficient for the ecosystem service value per unit area is proposed according to the cover degrees of biomes combined with expert consultation.Based on the developmental stage coefficient and scarcity of ecological resources,a dynamic evaluation method is proposed.The theoretical formula and simple calculation formula of the sharing benefits coefficient and benefits per unit ecological water utilization are proposed.The result shows that the benefit of unit ecological water utilization in the lower reach was greater than that in the upper reach in the Shiyang River basin.展开更多
In Turkey, studies devoted to conservation of animal genetic resources are carried out by general directorate of agricultural research （TAGEM） under the ministry of food, agriculture and livestock. There are 9 sheep...In Turkey, studies devoted to conservation of animal genetic resources are carried out by general directorate of agricultural research （TAGEM） under the ministry of food, agriculture and livestock. There are 9 sheep and 3 goat breeds and 3 silkworm lines which produce animal fiber have been put under conservation by TAGEM since 1996. A considerable amount of these genotypcs are preserved as in situ. The success of this conservation method is directly associated with economically making the best of these genotypes which are preserved. Hence, making the most of fiber production alongside meat and milk production would make a great contribution to their conservation. For this purpose, determining production biology of mohair and textile features of Ankara goats at present, determining all features of traditional items （especially handicrafts） made of fibers obtained from these breeds and lines which have been put under protection and creating new usage areas have been issues worked upon. Along with this, in recent years, just as the world, especially EU countries, interests and studies for issues such as organic animal fiber production, rural development and geographical indications have been increasing in Turkey, as well. In the near future, this situation is supposed to have a great effect on increasing of animal fiber production in a positive way, too. Hence, to benefit more effectively from fibers obtained from these breeds which have been put under protection will make a great contribution to be protected by breeders. For this purpose, there will be studies in the near future devoted to determining production biology of fiber and determining features of textile in breeds and lines and increasing the consumption of products to be obtained from these fibers as well as Ankara goats. Therefore, in this article, it was emphasized on the more efficient of ways to be benefited from fiber production in these breeds and lines under protected.展开更多
Goat satisfying energy requirements of goat are determined by anatomical body and browse leaves. In High Bassin zone of Mandrare in Southern Madagascar, sampling area of 400 m^2 has been monitored to analysis floristi...Goat satisfying energy requirements of goat are determined by anatomical body and browse leaves. In High Bassin zone of Mandrare in Southern Madagascar, sampling area of 400 m^2 has been monitored to analysis floristic diversity and Shannon-Weaver index and to establish rangeland typology. With one ram, two castrated goats and three ewes, foraging behaviour, bite rate and forage nutritive value were analyzed in native pastureland during six days at two browsing periods. As results, four pastureland groups were classified with dominant shrubs plants Acacia farnesiana, Poupartia caffra, Kigelianthe madagascariensis and Rhigozum madagascariense. Rangelands sites have presented lower heterogeneity with floristic density （236-658 plants per hectare）, Shannon-Weaver index （0.28-0.95）, maximum diversity （1.04 ± 0.07） with P 〈 0.05. Most of 42 identified fodder plants presented significant difference （P 〈 0.05） and higher nutritive value （35-54% Dry Matter or DM）; mineral matter （70-162 g·kg DM^-1）; Crude Protein （124-175 g·kg DM^-1）; Crude Fibre （203-376 g·kg DM^-1）; Neutral Detergent Fiber （388-548 g·kg DM^-1） and gross energy （3617-4464 kcal·kg DM^-1）. Acaciafarnesiana rangeland was overgrazed with 4.00 to 9.00 bites·mn^-1. In fact, relationships between phytosociology, nutritional parameters and foraging behaviour have been analyzed to improve with autochthonous plants and to manage rangeland in semi arid environment.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50879071and No.40771034)the Special Research of Public Sector of Water Resources Ministry of China (No.200801104)
文摘Among the numerous inland river basins in the arid northwest China,Shiyang River basin is known for its most serious water shortage that constrains its social and economic developments and for some of the worst ecological and environmental deterioration in China.The research on the value of water resources used for ecosystem is the basis for reasonable allocation of water resources between users of ecosystem and economic system.In this paper the concept of dynamic value for the ecosystem services is proposed.A modified coefficient for the ecosystem service value per unit area is proposed according to the cover degrees of biomes combined with expert consultation.Based on the developmental stage coefficient and scarcity of ecological resources,a dynamic evaluation method is proposed.The theoretical formula and simple calculation formula of the sharing benefits coefficient and benefits per unit ecological water utilization are proposed.The result shows that the benefit of unit ecological water utilization in the lower reach was greater than that in the upper reach in the Shiyang River basin.
文摘In Turkey, studies devoted to conservation of animal genetic resources are carried out by general directorate of agricultural research （TAGEM） under the ministry of food, agriculture and livestock. There are 9 sheep and 3 goat breeds and 3 silkworm lines which produce animal fiber have been put under conservation by TAGEM since 1996. A considerable amount of these genotypcs are preserved as in situ. The success of this conservation method is directly associated with economically making the best of these genotypes which are preserved. Hence, making the most of fiber production alongside meat and milk production would make a great contribution to their conservation. For this purpose, determining production biology of mohair and textile features of Ankara goats at present, determining all features of traditional items （especially handicrafts） made of fibers obtained from these breeds and lines which have been put under protection and creating new usage areas have been issues worked upon. Along with this, in recent years, just as the world, especially EU countries, interests and studies for issues such as organic animal fiber production, rural development and geographical indications have been increasing in Turkey, as well. In the near future, this situation is supposed to have a great effect on increasing of animal fiber production in a positive way, too. Hence, to benefit more effectively from fibers obtained from these breeds which have been put under protection will make a great contribution to be protected by breeders. For this purpose, there will be studies in the near future devoted to determining production biology of fiber and determining features of textile in breeds and lines and increasing the consumption of products to be obtained from these fibers as well as Ankara goats. Therefore, in this article, it was emphasized on the more efficient of ways to be benefited from fiber production in these breeds and lines under protected.
文摘Goat satisfying energy requirements of goat are determined by anatomical body and browse leaves. In High Bassin zone of Mandrare in Southern Madagascar, sampling area of 400 m^2 has been monitored to analysis floristic diversity and Shannon-Weaver index and to establish rangeland typology. With one ram, two castrated goats and three ewes, foraging behaviour, bite rate and forage nutritive value were analyzed in native pastureland during six days at two browsing periods. As results, four pastureland groups were classified with dominant shrubs plants Acacia farnesiana, Poupartia caffra, Kigelianthe madagascariensis and Rhigozum madagascariense. Rangelands sites have presented lower heterogeneity with floristic density （236-658 plants per hectare）, Shannon-Weaver index （0.28-0.95）, maximum diversity （1.04 ± 0.07） with P 〈 0.05. Most of 42 identified fodder plants presented significant difference （P 〈 0.05） and higher nutritive value （35-54% Dry Matter or DM）; mineral matter （70-162 g·kg DM^-1）; Crude Protein （124-175 g·kg DM^-1）; Crude Fibre （203-376 g·kg DM^-1）; Neutral Detergent Fiber （388-548 g·kg DM^-1） and gross energy （3617-4464 kcal·kg DM^-1）. Acaciafarnesiana rangeland was overgrazed with 4.00 to 9.00 bites·mn^-1. In fact, relationships between phytosociology, nutritional parameters and foraging behaviour have been analyzed to improve with autochthonous plants and to manage rangeland in semi arid environment.
