Objective Nitric oxide (NO) was speculated to play an Minocycline, a tetracycline derivative, reduced inflammation important role in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia. and protected against cerebral ischemia....Objective Nitric oxide (NO) was speculated to play an Minocycline, a tetracycline derivative, reduced inflammation important role in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia. and protected against cerebral ischemia. To study the neuroprotection mechanism of minocycline for vascular dementia, the influences of minocycline on expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were observed in the brains of Wistar rats. Methods The vascular dementia rat model was established by permanent bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion (BCCAO). Wistar rats were divideded into 3 groups randomly: sham-operation group (S group), vascular dementia model group (M group), and minocycline treatment group (MT group). The behaviour was tested with Morris water maze and open-field task. Expressions of iNOS and eNOS were measured by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The optical density value was measured by imaging analysis. Percentage of positive ceils with iNOS and eNOS expression was analyzed with optical microscope. Results Minocycline attenuated cognitive impairment. Inducible NOS was significantly down-regulated in MT group, compared with that in M group (P 〈 0.01), while eNOS was significantly up-regulated, compared with that in M group (P 〈 0.01). The expressions of iNOS and eNOS in M and MT groups were higher than those in S group (P 〈 0.01). Conclusion Minocycline can down-regulate the expression of iNOS and up-regulate the expression of eNOS in vascular dementia, which restrains apoptosis and oxidative stress to protect neural function.展开更多
Load-Unload Response Ratio (LURR) is a new promising approach to earthquake prediction. In the previous years, a series of successful medium-term predictions have been made for strong earthquakes on the Chinese mainla...Load-Unload Response Ratio (LURR) is a new promising approach to earthquake prediction. In the previous years, a series of successful medium-term predictions have been made for strong earthquakes on the Chinese mainland using this method. In order to investigate whether the LURR method applies to different tectonic regimes, i.e., whether it is universal, the San Andreas Fault and its vicinities are chosen as the study region in this paper. The spatial variation of LURR in the western United States (30°~50°N, 100°~130°W) is studied in detail and the earthquake tendency in this region is discussed based on historic earthquake cases.展开更多
Based on the authentication tests and the strand space model, the robust email protocol with perfect forward secrecy is formally analyzed, and the security shortcomings of the protocol is pointed out. Meanwhile, the m...Based on the authentication tests and the strand space model, the robust email protocol with perfect forward secrecy is formally analyzed, and the security shortcomings of the protocol is pointed out. Meanwhile, the man-in-the-middle attack to the protocol is given, where the attacker forges the messages in the receiving phase to cheat the two communication parties and makes them share the wrong session keys with him. Therefore, the protocol is not ensured to provide perfect forward secrecy. In order to overcome the above security shortcomings, an advanced email protocol is proposed, where the corresponding signatures in the receiving phase of the protocol are added to overcome the man-in-the-middle attack and ensure to provide perfect forward secrecy. Finally, the proposed advanced email protocol is formally analyzed with the authentication tests and the strand space model, and it is proved to be secure in authentication of the email sender, the recipient and the server. Therefore, the proposed advanced email protocol can really provide perfect forward secrecy.展开更多
Fine facilities, adequate financial aid, and sufficient resources are crucial elements for a university to be successful. But unless students graduate at an appropriate rate, the university will ultimately be consider...Fine facilities, adequate financial aid, and sufficient resources are crucial elements for a university to be successful. But unless students graduate at an appropriate rate, the university will ultimately be considered ineffective. Students who exit the university without a degree will have their dreams deferred and often struggle to lead a life of any quality. Among those who fail to graduate are a disproportionate number of African Americans and other minorities; this of which must change for a country to thrive and be respected as an exemplary democracy. However, those who do graduate are prepared and financially compensated to lead and make a positive impact in education, politics, science and technology, and human-service areas. This manuscript provides findings from a thorough review of literature on graduation issues and concerns to support development of a framework of tenets to increase graduation rates, especially for African Americans. Further, it highlights specific efforts of a particular college to enhance its graduation rates and provides implications for future directions.展开更多
This article expatiates on the functions and features of Sino-American non-verbal communication. It discusses the relationship between verbal and non-verbal communication, non-verbal communication and culture as well....This article expatiates on the functions and features of Sino-American non-verbal communication. It discusses the relationship between verbal and non-verbal communication, non-verbal communication and culture as well. Furthermore, it analyzes the differences between Sino-American non-verbal communication. It contrasts and demonstrates the following aspects: specific body language, time language, space language and paralanguage. It puts forward some effective strategies, namely, how to get deeper acquaintance with non-verbal communication, how to strengthen cultural mastery and develop the cross-cultural sense and open thought, how to cultivate cross-cultural communicative competence. The article aims to improve the abilities of cross-cultural communication, in order to help both parties of China and America reduce misunderstandings and establish a better relationship.展开更多
Few would deny the nobility of an animal which has played a significant role, historically, in the lives of humankind: the fabled unicorn, the Trojan Horse, and Pegasus, together with the Houyhnhnms of Jonathan Swift...Few would deny the nobility of an animal which has played a significant role, historically, in the lives of humankind: the fabled unicorn, the Trojan Horse, and Pegasus, together with the Houyhnhnms of Jonathan Swift are testaments to the nobility of horses. In a modern context, Seabiscuit, Black Beauty, Silver, steed of the iconic Lone Ranger, and Tir na nog, from Irish folk tale history, have maintained the tradition of nobility. High comedic elements such as TV's Mr. Ed, Aspercel, from The Horse in the Gray Flannel Suit (1968), Ollie, of Laurel and Hardy fame, reincarnated as a horse, and Tir na nog, hiding in an elevator to avoid being apprehended by the law, help to complete the comedic portrait of equine nobility展开更多
Objective To investigate the effects of the flexible surgical approaches on therapeutic and cosmetic outcomes of facial nevi.Methods From August 2002 to January 2008,16 cases with facial nevi had been treated in our w...Objective To investigate the effects of the flexible surgical approaches on therapeutic and cosmetic outcomes of facial nevi.Methods From August 2002 to January 2008,16 cases with facial nevi had been treated in our wards with the selected approaches.Surgical approaches including serial excision or one-time radical excision,free skin graft,and expanded flap were adopted in accordance with the individual size and location of the facial nevi.Results All cases experienced complete excision and had satisfactory cosmetic appearance in the end.Conclusion The flexible surgical measures help to minimize the risk of malignant transformation and achieve good cosmetic results.展开更多
Chinese dream and American dream reach the same end by different means. So Chinese dream and American dream are similar, they are expressed in different ways, and different expressions originate from different culture...Chinese dream and American dream reach the same end by different means. So Chinese dream and American dream are similar, they are expressed in different ways, and different expressions originate from different cultures and civilizations. So how to facilitate cross-cultural understanding? I have three points: first, recognize the diversity of Western civilization; second, striking a connection between China and the West; third, a reflexive approach.展开更多
This paper explores Du Boisian notion of double consciousness and the notion of black nihilism suggested by Cornel West in Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man (1952) and August Wilson's Fences (1986). In order to cond...This paper explores Du Boisian notion of double consciousness and the notion of black nihilism suggested by Cornel West in Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man (1952) and August Wilson's Fences (1986). In order to conduct this study, the researcher adopts African American approach and shows that double consciousness and black nihilism are the immediate effects of African Americans' marginalisation. According to W. E. B. Du Bois, all African Americans develop the sense of double consciousness which means being both African and American simultaneously. On the other hand, Cornel West believes that black Americans suffer from nihilism which means loss of hope and absence of meaning. The paper is an attempt to compare the novel Invisible Man and the play Fences thematically based on these two theories. It then looks to find the considerable similarities in the conditions of the protagonists of these two literary works. Although both protagonists migrate to the North to escape Southern racism in the era prior to the Civil Rights Movement, they become totally disillusioned, for they are treated as the invisible marginal. Interestingly though, at the end of both stories, there remains a ray of hope for reactivation and the creation of democracy for black Americans.展开更多
Morelos is the fourth in area cultivated and production volume of avocado. Of the 13 municipalities where it is farmed, Ocuituco represents 43.51% and Tetela del Volain 27.53%. Despite being one of the main fruit spec...Morelos is the fourth in area cultivated and production volume of avocado. Of the 13 municipalities where it is farmed, Ocuituco represents 43.51% and Tetela del Volain 27.53%. Despite being one of the main fruit species in Morelos, no information related to the fertility of the soil where it is grown, the quality of water available for irrigation and nutritional status of this important fruit for the state. The study was conducted in the municipality of Ocuituco which identified three agro-habitats taking into account climate, landform, soil type and altitude. In each agro-habitat were carried out soil sampling to determine the physical and chemical characteristics based on the Mexican Official Standard NOM-021-SEMARNAT-2000, the chemical quality of water for irrigation as described by Richards (1954) and crop nutrient status of avocado "Hass" according to the methodology described by Maldonado (2002). The soils had different physical and chemical characteristics, as well as the nutritional status of avocado trees in the three agro-habitats. The trees had excessive concentration of CI, Cu and Zn. Indices of optimal percentage deviation expressed different nutritional requirements. The water used for irrigation was of low salinity and sodium content, so it can be used without restrictions.展开更多
The Ontario Hydro Method (OHM) recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was used to determine mercury speciation in the combustion flue gas across wet FGD systems. Four coal-fired uni...The Ontario Hydro Method (OHM) recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was used to determine mercury speciation in the combustion flue gas across wet FGD systems. Four coal-fired units with wet FGD systems were chosen to evaluate mercury speciation and mercury removal efficiencies through these wet FGD systems. Chlorine content in coal had been suggested as a main factor that affects mercury speciation in flue gas. It is shown that the higher the chlorine concentration in coal is, the higher the percentage of oxidized mercury (Hg2+) is removed in wet FGD systems, which can increase overall mercury removal efficiencies through wet FGD systems. The selective catalyst reduction (SCR) system has a function of oxidizing ele- mental mercury (Hg0) to oxidized mercury. A higher percentage of oxidized mercury in the total vapor mercury at the FGD inlet is observed when SCR is in service. Therefore, higher overall mercury removal efficiencies through wet FGD are attained. Because of different wet FGD operating conditions, there are different mercury removal efficiencies in different units. Elemental mercury reemission took place when a fraction of oxidized mercury absorbed in the slurry is reduced to elemental mercury, and Hg2+ is reemitted from stack, which results in decreases in mercury removal efficiencies through wet FGD systems.展开更多
This paper traces the social limitations in the development of Asian American literature. The label "Asian American literature" is so instrumental in instituting the literature, can also regulate creativity. As a st...This paper traces the social limitations in the development of Asian American literature. The label "Asian American literature" is so instrumental in instituting the literature, can also regulate creativity. As a strategic term and group identification, "Asian American" lends itself to the illusion of unity and homogeneity. Scholars differ in the way they elect to demarcate Asian American literature. One of the fundamental barriers to understanding and appreciating Asian American literary expression has been the existence of race stereotypes about Asians in American popular culture. For many Asian American writers, ethnic authenticity is a necessary but weak choice Most early immigrant writers write to challenge the negative view of Asia in the West and see themselves as ambassadors of goodwill to the West. The purpose is to mark difference as exotica and appeal to the benign curiosity of the Western readers while appeal to notions of universal humanity. This type of strong ethnic quotient writing continues to exist in various guises even today. The trade publishers have a predilection for Asian American personal narratives that stress the "model minority" discourse, "good workers" image, and Asian Americans' ability to accommodate to the basic rules of American society. Asian American writers never stop attempting to build bridges. But we should remind ourselves that boundary crossing must not be merely an aesthetic and intellectual exercise .展开更多
The German aesthetic discourse of modernity is the self-manifestation of German historical development from early modern times. German cultural ecology, comprising German natural, historical, social and intellectual f...The German aesthetic discourse of modernity is the self-manifestation of German historical development from early modern times. German cultural ecology, comprising German natural, historical, social and intellectual factors, has determined the historical fate of the German aesthetic discourse of modernity and also, realistically, its essential characteristics. The Protestant spirit is the soul of the national consciousness, intellectual concepts, cultural understanding and life experience of the Germans, who take culture as the foundation of their nation. German civic cultural ecology--the social structure, way of life and cultural institutions that originated and developed in civil society--to a great extent determined the form of the German aesthetic discourse of modernity. The three salient features of German enlightenment thought, i.e., the establishment of perception and the independence of beauty, the adjustment of rationalism and the birth of value rationality, and the establishment of the public character of art, are the constituent elements of German cultural ecology.展开更多
基金the High Technology Research Center of Chongqing Medical University (No. 2006010068)Ministry of Civil Affairs, China (No. 2007-18-3-05).
文摘Objective Nitric oxide (NO) was speculated to play an Minocycline, a tetracycline derivative, reduced inflammation important role in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia. and protected against cerebral ischemia. To study the neuroprotection mechanism of minocycline for vascular dementia, the influences of minocycline on expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were observed in the brains of Wistar rats. Methods The vascular dementia rat model was established by permanent bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion (BCCAO). Wistar rats were divideded into 3 groups randomly: sham-operation group (S group), vascular dementia model group (M group), and minocycline treatment group (MT group). The behaviour was tested with Morris water maze and open-field task. Expressions of iNOS and eNOS were measured by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The optical density value was measured by imaging analysis. Percentage of positive ceils with iNOS and eNOS expression was analyzed with optical microscope. Results Minocycline attenuated cognitive impairment. Inducible NOS was significantly down-regulated in MT group, compared with that in M group (P 〈 0.01), while eNOS was significantly up-regulated, compared with that in M group (P 〈 0.01). The expressions of iNOS and eNOS in M and MT groups were higher than those in S group (P 〈 0.01). Conclusion Minocycline can down-regulate the expression of iNOS and up-regulate the expression of eNOS in vascular dementia, which restrains apoptosis and oxidative stress to protect neural function.
文摘Load-Unload Response Ratio (LURR) is a new promising approach to earthquake prediction. In the previous years, a series of successful medium-term predictions have been made for strong earthquakes on the Chinese mainland using this method. In order to investigate whether the LURR method applies to different tectonic regimes, i.e., whether it is universal, the San Andreas Fault and its vicinities are chosen as the study region in this paper. The spatial variation of LURR in the western United States (30°~50°N, 100°~130°W) is studied in detail and the earthquake tendency in this region is discussed based on historic earthquake cases.
基金The Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK2006108)
文摘Based on the authentication tests and the strand space model, the robust email protocol with perfect forward secrecy is formally analyzed, and the security shortcomings of the protocol is pointed out. Meanwhile, the man-in-the-middle attack to the protocol is given, where the attacker forges the messages in the receiving phase to cheat the two communication parties and makes them share the wrong session keys with him. Therefore, the protocol is not ensured to provide perfect forward secrecy. In order to overcome the above security shortcomings, an advanced email protocol is proposed, where the corresponding signatures in the receiving phase of the protocol are added to overcome the man-in-the-middle attack and ensure to provide perfect forward secrecy. Finally, the proposed advanced email protocol is formally analyzed with the authentication tests and the strand space model, and it is proved to be secure in authentication of the email sender, the recipient and the server. Therefore, the proposed advanced email protocol can really provide perfect forward secrecy.
文摘Fine facilities, adequate financial aid, and sufficient resources are crucial elements for a university to be successful. But unless students graduate at an appropriate rate, the university will ultimately be considered ineffective. Students who exit the university without a degree will have their dreams deferred and often struggle to lead a life of any quality. Among those who fail to graduate are a disproportionate number of African Americans and other minorities; this of which must change for a country to thrive and be respected as an exemplary democracy. However, those who do graduate are prepared and financially compensated to lead and make a positive impact in education, politics, science and technology, and human-service areas. This manuscript provides findings from a thorough review of literature on graduation issues and concerns to support development of a framework of tenets to increase graduation rates, especially for African Americans. Further, it highlights specific efforts of a particular college to enhance its graduation rates and provides implications for future directions.
文摘This article expatiates on the functions and features of Sino-American non-verbal communication. It discusses the relationship between verbal and non-verbal communication, non-verbal communication and culture as well. Furthermore, it analyzes the differences between Sino-American non-verbal communication. It contrasts and demonstrates the following aspects: specific body language, time language, space language and paralanguage. It puts forward some effective strategies, namely, how to get deeper acquaintance with non-verbal communication, how to strengthen cultural mastery and develop the cross-cultural sense and open thought, how to cultivate cross-cultural communicative competence. The article aims to improve the abilities of cross-cultural communication, in order to help both parties of China and America reduce misunderstandings and establish a better relationship.
文摘Few would deny the nobility of an animal which has played a significant role, historically, in the lives of humankind: the fabled unicorn, the Trojan Horse, and Pegasus, together with the Houyhnhnms of Jonathan Swift are testaments to the nobility of horses. In a modern context, Seabiscuit, Black Beauty, Silver, steed of the iconic Lone Ranger, and Tir na nog, from Irish folk tale history, have maintained the tradition of nobility. High comedic elements such as TV's Mr. Ed, Aspercel, from The Horse in the Gray Flannel Suit (1968), Ollie, of Laurel and Hardy fame, reincarnated as a horse, and Tir na nog, hiding in an elevator to avoid being apprehended by the law, help to complete the comedic portrait of equine nobility
文摘Objective To investigate the effects of the flexible surgical approaches on therapeutic and cosmetic outcomes of facial nevi.Methods From August 2002 to January 2008,16 cases with facial nevi had been treated in our wards with the selected approaches.Surgical approaches including serial excision or one-time radical excision,free skin graft,and expanded flap were adopted in accordance with the individual size and location of the facial nevi.Results All cases experienced complete excision and had satisfactory cosmetic appearance in the end.Conclusion The flexible surgical measures help to minimize the risk of malignant transformation and achieve good cosmetic results.
文摘Chinese dream and American dream reach the same end by different means. So Chinese dream and American dream are similar, they are expressed in different ways, and different expressions originate from different cultures and civilizations. So how to facilitate cross-cultural understanding? I have three points: first, recognize the diversity of Western civilization; second, striking a connection between China and the West; third, a reflexive approach.
文摘This paper explores Du Boisian notion of double consciousness and the notion of black nihilism suggested by Cornel West in Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man (1952) and August Wilson's Fences (1986). In order to conduct this study, the researcher adopts African American approach and shows that double consciousness and black nihilism are the immediate effects of African Americans' marginalisation. According to W. E. B. Du Bois, all African Americans develop the sense of double consciousness which means being both African and American simultaneously. On the other hand, Cornel West believes that black Americans suffer from nihilism which means loss of hope and absence of meaning. The paper is an attempt to compare the novel Invisible Man and the play Fences thematically based on these two theories. It then looks to find the considerable similarities in the conditions of the protagonists of these two literary works. Although both protagonists migrate to the North to escape Southern racism in the era prior to the Civil Rights Movement, they become totally disillusioned, for they are treated as the invisible marginal. Interestingly though, at the end of both stories, there remains a ray of hope for reactivation and the creation of democracy for black Americans.
文摘Morelos is the fourth in area cultivated and production volume of avocado. Of the 13 municipalities where it is farmed, Ocuituco represents 43.51% and Tetela del Volain 27.53%. Despite being one of the main fruit species in Morelos, no information related to the fertility of the soil where it is grown, the quality of water available for irrigation and nutritional status of this important fruit for the state. The study was conducted in the municipality of Ocuituco which identified three agro-habitats taking into account climate, landform, soil type and altitude. In each agro-habitat were carried out soil sampling to determine the physical and chemical characteristics based on the Mexican Official Standard NOM-021-SEMARNAT-2000, the chemical quality of water for irrigation as described by Richards (1954) and crop nutrient status of avocado "Hass" according to the methodology described by Maldonado (2002). The soils had different physical and chemical characteristics, as well as the nutritional status of avocado trees in the three agro-habitats. The trees had excessive concentration of CI, Cu and Zn. Indices of optimal percentage deviation expressed different nutritional requirements. The water used for irrigation was of low salinity and sodium content, so it can be used without restrictions.
文摘The Ontario Hydro Method (OHM) recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was used to determine mercury speciation in the combustion flue gas across wet FGD systems. Four coal-fired units with wet FGD systems were chosen to evaluate mercury speciation and mercury removal efficiencies through these wet FGD systems. Chlorine content in coal had been suggested as a main factor that affects mercury speciation in flue gas. It is shown that the higher the chlorine concentration in coal is, the higher the percentage of oxidized mercury (Hg2+) is removed in wet FGD systems, which can increase overall mercury removal efficiencies through wet FGD systems. The selective catalyst reduction (SCR) system has a function of oxidizing ele- mental mercury (Hg0) to oxidized mercury. A higher percentage of oxidized mercury in the total vapor mercury at the FGD inlet is observed when SCR is in service. Therefore, higher overall mercury removal efficiencies through wet FGD are attained. Because of different wet FGD operating conditions, there are different mercury removal efficiencies in different units. Elemental mercury reemission took place when a fraction of oxidized mercury absorbed in the slurry is reduced to elemental mercury, and Hg2+ is reemitted from stack, which results in decreases in mercury removal efficiencies through wet FGD systems.
文摘This paper traces the social limitations in the development of Asian American literature. The label "Asian American literature" is so instrumental in instituting the literature, can also regulate creativity. As a strategic term and group identification, "Asian American" lends itself to the illusion of unity and homogeneity. Scholars differ in the way they elect to demarcate Asian American literature. One of the fundamental barriers to understanding and appreciating Asian American literary expression has been the existence of race stereotypes about Asians in American popular culture. For many Asian American writers, ethnic authenticity is a necessary but weak choice Most early immigrant writers write to challenge the negative view of Asia in the West and see themselves as ambassadors of goodwill to the West. The purpose is to mark difference as exotica and appeal to the benign curiosity of the Western readers while appeal to notions of universal humanity. This type of strong ethnic quotient writing continues to exist in various guises even today. The trade publishers have a predilection for Asian American personal narratives that stress the "model minority" discourse, "good workers" image, and Asian Americans' ability to accommodate to the basic rules of American society. Asian American writers never stop attempting to build bridges. But we should remind ourselves that boundary crossing must not be merely an aesthetic and intellectual exercise .
基金the National Social Science Fund Project "Research on the Artistic Aesthetic Discourse of German Cultural Enlightenment and Modernity"(No.:10BZW022)
文摘The German aesthetic discourse of modernity is the self-manifestation of German historical development from early modern times. German cultural ecology, comprising German natural, historical, social and intellectual factors, has determined the historical fate of the German aesthetic discourse of modernity and also, realistically, its essential characteristics. The Protestant spirit is the soul of the national consciousness, intellectual concepts, cultural understanding and life experience of the Germans, who take culture as the foundation of their nation. German civic cultural ecology--the social structure, way of life and cultural institutions that originated and developed in civil society--to a great extent determined the form of the German aesthetic discourse of modernity. The three salient features of German enlightenment thought, i.e., the establishment of perception and the independence of beauty, the adjustment of rationalism and the birth of value rationality, and the establishment of the public character of art, are the constituent elements of German cultural ecology.