论样板戏“英雄典型”及其艺术偏差——兼论样板戏实验的美学成本

样板戏看似浑然一体,实则含混复杂,存在一个被逐步提纯、净化的过程,这一点,通过考察样板戏如何塑造无产阶级英雄典型,就可以看得格外分明。早在1966年,《纪要》就已明确了无产阶级英雄典型的顶层设计——英雄形象应该具有红色题材、一号主角、组织化身、高大全型这四个特点。揆诸样板戏的诸多英雄形象,柯湘最完美、典范地实现了这样的顶层设计,而《白毛女》、《沙家浜》、《红色娘子军》等作品中的英雄形象与之则存在较多龃龉乃至矛盾。为了尽可能完满地实现顶层设计,这些样板戏一般都进行过反复的和大规模的修改,而修改的重心则是删除英雄身上的人情味、女性美和传奇性,从而使他们与党的意志保持高度一致。

On Inheritance of the Sublime： From Longinus to Burke

As great philosophers and aesthetes who have significant influence on the ushering and development of the term ＂sublime＂, both Longinus and Edmund Burke have their respectively elaboration on sublime that not only has inner connection but some sheer difference. The aim of this thesis is to interpret the inheritance of Burke to Longinus through the comparison between their attitudes on sublime through doxologie of comparative literature, and it mainly focuses on the point of view, major concern, composing elements and interconnecting aesthetic essence between them.

Learning by Doing Effect in North South Trade under the Global Value Chains： An Empirical Analysis of Various Industries in the U.S.

This paper studies the division of labor and economic development under global value chains in North South trade by mainly investigating the changes of production hours and cost per unit along with more and more output and increasing trade value in several industries in the U.S., because the U. S. is at the leading position in the division of labor by global value chains. The empirical evidence reveals that more international outsourcing, there will be more detailed division of labor, and the industry unit production time and production cost will show more declining trend year by year. This is consistent with that the global value chains and the outsourcing play more and more important roles in the international division of labor and economic growth in both developed and developing countries, and helps explain the integration of workforce across countries in the global value chains.