审美生态视域中美本质的再考察

在美学史上,无论是研究美本身还是审美关系、审美经验,美的涵义都是一个绕不开的结。本文运用分析美学追求概念涵义清晰性的精神,运用审美生态学的理论,对"美的本质"这一美学史上千古难题做出再思考,认为美是人心中高悬的一杆标尺,是最高的理想,用以衡量万事万物的好与坏,不一样的标尺就有不一样的美本质观。在人类的审美历史上,经历了从客体化的天态审美场到主体化的人态审美场再到天人整生的生态审美场的范式转换,关于美的标尺的观念或美本质的观念也就出现了形式美观、真美观、善美观与生态整体价值美观,而生态整体价值美观则能将一切关于美本质的纷争包容其中。

美国规范在沙特麦加轻轨桥梁设计中的应用

随着"一带一路"倡仪的推进,越来越多的企业走出去参与国际工程项目的建设工作。在国际工程中,常用美国和欧洲的规范,很多土建工程采用美国规范。文章通过沙特麦加轻轨项目案例,从标准体系、设计理念、设计准则、设计基本理论四方面来论述美国桥梁规范的应用。具体阐述了以人为本、尊重自然、关爱生命、美观价值论、创新思想,全寿命设计等前沿设计理念,桥梁设计准则、桥梁多种极限状态法的应用等。以期在中国企业"走出去"过程中,能给设计和施工人员作参考。

音乐人类学视野下的佛乐观

本文主要运用音乐人类学中局内人与局外人的研究法从佛教音乐的界定、佛教音乐的审美观以及佛教音乐的价值观三方面进行初步的探讨和研究。

Estimation on Aesthetic Value of Tourist Landscapes in a Natural Heritage Site:Kanas National Nature Reserve,Xinjiang,China

Most world natural heritage sites are designated partly by reason of their prominent aesthetic values in accordance with Article Ⅶ of World Natural Heritage Convention.In this paper, the aesthetic values of Kanas National Nature Reserve, which has potential for such designation, was analyzed quantitatively using scenic beauty estimation(SBE).The landscapes of 19 representative scenic spots in the Kanas National Nature Reserve in summer and autumn were selected as the objects of evaluation.The contributions of different landscape factors to the aesthetic value of the Kanas National Nature Reserve were revealed using a multivariate quantitative model.The main factors affecting the aesthetic value were waterscapes, vegetation, mountains, folk culture and the tourist environment.The t-test and F-test results are extremely significant.According to the results, some suggestions were given for conserving the landscapes in the Kanas National Nature Reserve.

A Brief Analysis of the Personality Expression of Graffiti in Fashion Design

In recent years, graffiti has ascended to the ranks of modem new art from public action of street and has derived modem graffiti culture. With the development of graffiti art and the improvement of people＇s aesthetic idea, graffiti has penetrated into various aspects of people＇s life and has been closely integrated with people＇s life in many fields. Fashion design is one of the forms which have the closest relation with modem graffiti. Many famous brands have increased their own vitality and fashion sense of costume through graffiti. In modem fashion design, graffiti has special aesthetic value and personality characteristics, bringing about huge commercial opportunities to merchants. Its personality expression in fashion design involves factors in multi-aspects. This paper makes an in-depth analysis of this problem in simple terms, which is of positive significance to the combination of graffiti and fashion design.

East and West： Different Perceptions of Effective Ethos Exhibited in Chinese and American College Students＇ Persuasive Essays

This paper studies how different cultural values and rhetorical traditions may influence students＇ perceptions and understanding of effective ethos in persuasive essays. Fifty Chinese EFL （English as a foreign language） college students and 50 American college students participated in writing English persuasive essays on the selected topics. The essays were then compared for similarities and differences in the use of rhetorical appeals with a focus on ethos, the credibility, and trustworthiness of an author. The study revealed that participants from both groups established ethos as an important rhetorical tool to persuade the audience to accept their viewpoints. However, they displayed different perceptions of what effective ethos entailed. For Chinese participants, effective ethos seemed to come from using detailed explanations that reflected an author＇s intention to advocate an ethical or moral message based on some Chinese cultural values. But, strong ethos for American participants appeared to mean the use of evidence--facts and personal testimony--to establish the writer＇s trustworthiness. The interpretation of the results from the perspective of different cultural value orientations was also discussed.

A Study of the Chinese Americans＇ Dreams in Gish Jen＇s Typical American

Published in 1991, Jen＇s Typical American depicts a first-generation Chinese immigrant family＇s pursuing their American Dream in the Post-War American society. By choosing Chinese American immigrants as her main characters and describing their struggling in the American society, Jen expresses her understanding of being Americans. In the novel, as they move from ＂sojourners＂ to American citizens, the Chang family shows different attitude towards Chinese and American cultural values. The dreams they pursue also vary. This thesis, through an analysis of the dreams the Chang family pursue in Typical American, attempts to demonstrate how the Chang family identify with their cultural identities in this process, and how they evolve from ＂sojourners＂ to ＂typical Americans＂.

Assessing Creative Writing in a Postmodem Era

How to teach creative writing at school？ If the procedures inherited from writing workshops have undoubtedly proved efficient as regards text production, it is also clear that in Switzerland, as elsewhere in Europe and in the Anglo-Saxon world, the present use of evaluation grids with their numerous items prevents secondary school pupils from adopting the stance of an author. Why？ Simply because the most innovative and ＂literary＂ texts are always surprising： They are ＂different＂, and could not possibly result from writing guidelines devised only to facilitate a mechanical evaluation itself conceived for the sake of some illusory objectivity... Now, in our postmodern age with its rejection of models, what is more difficult than assessing the quality of creative writing？ In our approach, we suggest restoring confidence in the teacher, an expert reader if any, who, acting as a publisher, dramaturge, or mere aesthete, knows how to take his pupils＇ texts seriously, acknowledge their aesthetic value, and look at apparent clumsiness as a possible promise of innovation. The teaching of creative writing lies both in this specific reception of budding works and in the teacher＇s performative utterances that, then and there, make the pupil a writer.

Study on the Evolution of the Contemporary Political Values in China and the United States and the Enlightenment

The importance of setting up a correct political value is self-evident. In the era of many changes, it is necessary for Chinese people to not only learn the advanced concepts and experience from other countries and also constantly absorb nutrition from traditional Chinese culture. Also, the inappropriate composition in the political values should be rethought and criticized profoundly, so that not only the political values of Chinese people can give a reflection to the superiority of socialism, and also people＇s personality and vitality are fully respected and developed.

The Role of Value in the U. S. Foreign Policy and Its Limitation

The U.S. has long been viewed as a nation ＂ founded on a creed. ＂ While some IR paradigms present values as a counter to the interestbased approaches in the formation of foreign policy, most scholars agree that the two are not mutually exclusive. Beginning with the definition and classification of values, this paper tries to analyze the functioning mechanism of values in the U. S. foreign policy making as well as the limitation of the role of values. On one hand, based on U. S. foreign diplomatic actions in history, values function not only as a goal and ideal for US foreign policy, but also as the means for implementing its foreign policy. On the other hand, the US value-oriented diplomacy is confined by national interest, power, and tempered by events and bureaucratic politics.

Research on a Cultural Ecosystem Service Evaluation System for National Parks:An Analysis based on Tourists’Perception of Aesthetic Value

Among cultural ecosystem services,aesthetic value is one of the most strongly related to humans.Thescientific assessment of the aesthetic value of cultural ecosystem services plays a vital role in achieving the refinedmanagement of national park ecosystems.In the current study,Qianjiangyuan National Park in China was taken asan example,three typical types of aesthetic ecosystem services(AESs)were extracted,and an AES evaluationindex system was constructed by combining the cultural attributes and landscape aesthetic value of national parks.Tourists’value perception of AESs was analyzed based on 542 valid survey questionnaires,and the influences ofvarious demographic characteristics were explored using one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA).Based on this,the importance and overall level of various AESs in national parks were systematically evaluated using the entropymethod and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method.The results reveal the following.(1)Tourists believe thatnational parks have natural,cultural,and social aesthetic service value.The value perception of physical andmental health services is the highest(2.44),while that of spiritual worship services is the lowest(1.86).(2)Differentdemographic characteristics have significant impacts on the value perception of aesthetic services.The greater thenumber of visits to the national park,the higher the tourists’value perception of primitive wilderness,spiritual worship,folk culture,and human settlement services.Moreover,tourists visiting the national park for research purposeshave the highest value perception of natural ASEs.(3)There are cognitive differences in the importance of variousAESs:cultural aesthetic services(0.8473)>natural aesthetic services(0.7032)>social aesthetic services(0.5780).Moreover,tourists consider spiritual worship services to be the most important(0.3695).(4)The value perceptionevaluation of the AESs of the national park is generally high,with a comprehensive evaluation score of 4.11,amongwhich the value of physical and mental health services is the highest(4.44)and that of folk culture aesthetic services is the lowest(3.79).The results of this study are helpful for further improving the management level of nationalpark ecosystems.