系列羟基磺基甜菜碱表面活性剂的合成及胶束化行为研究

采用长碳链烷基叔胺和2-羟基-3-氯丙磺酸钠为原料,合成了3种不同碳链长度的羟基磺基甜菜碱表面活性剂。采用元素分析,MS,1HNMR和FTIR对其结构进行了分析表征。测定了不同温度下各表面活性剂水溶液的临界胶束浓度(cmc),并研究了它们的胶束化行为。结果表明,在25℃下,随着疏水链长由C8增加到C14,cmc由1.32×10-2mol·L-1降低到1.67×10-4mol·L-1,最低表面张力(γcmc)由35.9 mN.m-1降低到34.6 mN.m-1;随着温度的升高,同一表面活性剂的cmc略有上升,γcmc略有下降。胶束化热力学计算结果表明其胶束的形成过程为熵驱动过程。

壳聚糖希夫碱钴配合物的合成及抗羟基自由基活性

以水溶性低聚壳聚糖为原料,经水杨醛、香草醛、2,4-二羟基苯甲醛修饰后制得了三种低聚壳聚糖希夫碱钴配合物CS-Sal-Co、CS-Val-Co和CS-Dh-Co,采用FT-IR和ICP对其结构和金属含量进行了分析。首次采用BPR-硫脲催化光度法测定了三种钴配合物的抗.OH活性。结果表明:CS-Sal-Co对.OH的清除效果最好,清除率可达到95.41%;CS-Val-Co对.OH的清除作用较弱,清除率最大为46.77%;CS-Dh-Co对.OH清除率最大为58.50%。探讨了壳聚糖希夫碱钴配合物清除.OH的机理。

羟基自由基活性氧在高浓度有机废水处理中的应用

现场制备羟基自由基活性氧药剂处理聚酯废水、炼油碱渣废水、垃圾渗滤液等高浓度有机废水,得到了较好的处理结果。通过对模拟苯酚废水和硝基酚废水处理的研究,为从理论上找到处理不同类型的高浓度有机废水的方法做了初步的探讨,这对处理高浓度有机废水具有重要理论意义和实用价值。

羟基自由基活性氧处理机械草浆分离半纤维素和木质素

基于生物质精炼与制浆相结合的构想,采用羟基自由基活性氧处理机械草浆,分离半纤维素和木质素,探讨了温度(T)、反应时间(t)、H2O2浓度质量分数(w)和固液比(r)等因素对半纤维素、木质素提取效果的影响。实验结果表明:在T=160℃,t=2 h,w(H2O2)=1.5%,r=5 g/L的反应条件下,半纤维素和木质素脱除率最高,分别达到82.68%,91.22%。

蒺藜中螺甾总皂苷和呋甾总皂苷清除羟基自由基活性对比研究

为研究蒺藜中螺甾总皂苷和呋甾总皂苷清除羟基自由基能力的相对强弱,在玻璃试管中加入FeSO4和水杨酸溶液,再加入不同浓度的蒺藜呋甾总皂苷和蒺藜螺甾总皂苷水溶液,将此溶液摇匀加入H2O2溶液,再摇匀后置于37℃恒温水浴锅中反应后取出;以等量的水溶液作为空白对照,用紫外-可见分光光度计在510 nm处测量其吸光度,计算样品对羟基自由基的清除率。结果表明,浓度相同的蒺藜螺甾总皂苷和呋甾总皂苷在相同条件下,螺甾总皂苷清除羟基自由基率比呋甾总皂苷效果好,在蒺藜总甾体皂苷中起抗氧化活性的主要成分是蒺藜螺甾总皂苷。

黄原胶寡糖生物活性的研究

利用黄原胶降解菌Cellulom onassp.XT11生产的黄原胶降解酶,对黄原胶进行生物降解,生产具有不同粘度/还原末端比的黄原胶寡糖,并研究了黄原胶寡糖在清除羟基自由基、植物防卫反应中激活因子活性和对植物病原菌抑制能力等方面的生物活性,结果表明黄原胶寡糖具有清除羟基自由基能力,并能激活植物防卫系统以抵御病原菌的侵染,同时对野油菜黄单孢菌也具有抑菌活性。

臭氧/活性氧氧化法预处理聚酯废水实验研究

通过对国内某聚酯生产企业现有聚酯废水处理工艺存在问题的调查和分析,提出在生化前增加絮凝—臭氧/羟基自由基活性氧氧化预处理工艺的解决方案,并进行相应的实验研究。探讨了在絮凝实验中絮凝剂种类和投加量、pH值对废水CODCr去除率的影响。并在此基础上对臭氧、活性氧单独氧化效果和臭氧/活性氧联合氧化效果进行分析和对比,确定臭氧/活性氧氧化法优越性并对工艺条件进行优化。实验结果表明,pH为8,絮凝剂的投加量为1.56 g/L,通臭氧时间为3 min,活性氧投加量为27 mg/L时,聚酯废水预处理效果最佳,废水CODCr的去除率可达84%,可生化性比值提高至0.45左右,未检出对后续生物处理系统中微生物产生毒害的醛类物质。

活性氧-臭氧联用处理含酚废水

用羟基自由基活性氧与臭氧联合使用处理含酚废水,并在电磁波作用下对含酸废水进行了研究,考察了活性氧药剂投加量和反应时间对苯酚去除率和COD去除率的影响,并对这些方法的处理效果进行了比较分析。结果表明,活性氧药剂与臭氧联用,并辅以微波能场的方法处理含酸废水表现出了明显的优势,具有最好的处理效果。对于浓度为0.500 g/L的含酚废水,在处理时间为5 min的条件下,苯酚去除率达到98.23%,COD去除率达到68.12%。

桑葚醋提取物抗氧化性的研究

利用分光光度法测定了桑葚醋提取物羟基自由基清除率、脂质过氧化抑制率和总抗氧化能力。结果表明:桑葚醋提取物的抗氧化能力高于合成抗氧化剂BHA,羟基自由基清除率为79.57%,脂质过氧化抑制率为97.79%,体外总抗氧化能力为110.88mg/mL样品。

胶体氯化银的光催化特性研究

利用硝酸银与氯化钠在水溶液中形成胶体氯化银 ,在近紫外条件下 ,光催化胶体氯化银 ,产生高活性自由基 ,对染料色素、环境荷尔蒙 1 7β estradiol等有机污染物进行降解 ,对环境污染微生物进行消毒和杀菌 .结果表明 ,胶体氯化银在近紫外条件下 ,能够产生大量的高活性自由基 ,对环境荷尔蒙 1 7β estradiol,样品浓度在 2 2mg/L时 ,3min能够降解 99%以上 ,6min时由HPLC 荧光检出器已几乎不能检出 ;对染料色素甲基橙 ,浓度在 1 1mg/L ,2min就能够完全分解 ;与同样条件下的氧化钛相比 ,降解速率有了很大的提高 ;对环境微生物 ,由于银离子和羟基自由基等方面的多重作用 ,近紫外条件下 ,具有非常强的杀菌作用 ,对大肠杆菌和青霉菌在光照条件下不能检出时间分别为 2min、1 0min ,比利用氧化钛的杀菌效果提高 1 0 0倍以上 .

新型中水回用清洁工艺的中试研究

对以移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)为核心的、集新型生物介质与钾基自由基活性氧消毒技术于一体的新型中水回用工艺进行了中试研究。在气水体积比为5∶1,其水力停留时间约为4～6h,该工艺对生活污水COD(化学耗氧量)的去除率达到90%,水的透光度由65%～75%提高到98.0%～99.5%。出水采用钾羟基自由基活性氧消毒剂消毒,在每立方米中水中加入60～100g消毒剂时,杀菌效果均可达到98%～99%,粪肠杆菌未检出。出水钾盐质量浓度7.7～12.9g/m3。水质达到《城市杂用水水质标准》(GB/T18920-2002)标准。与生物接触氧化工艺相比较,达到85%以上的COD去除率,MBBR工艺停留时间缩短了近50%。

应用于水溶液介质中喹啉氧化的电芬顿工艺实验设计方法(英文)

采用碳毡阴极和铂阳极的电芬顿工艺研究了喹啉模型分子—8-羟基喹啉硫酸盐(8-HQS)在水溶液介质中的降解行为.由于电化学诱导芬顿药剂(H2O2,Fe2+)产生大量的羟基活性基(●OH),成为与有机物发生反应直到有机物完全矿化的强有力氧化剂,因此,电芬顿工艺具有很强的氧化能力.采用正交实验设计确定了水溶液介质中8-HQS降解的操作参数.结果表明,电流密度和8-HQS的初始浓度是影响降解速度的主要因素.8-HQS浓度随着电解时间而减少,说明8-HQS的氧化遵循准一级反应动力学.通过竞争动力学方法确定的由●OH引起8-HQS氧化的绝对反应速度常数为1.62×109mol-1·L·s-1.通过Doehlert矩阵研究了8-HQS矿化的最佳实验参数,由此确定最佳条件下电芬顿工艺能导致8-HQS在水溶液中的准完全矿化(总有机成分去除率95%).对8-HQS水溶液的处理,使得8-HQS矿化前的最终产物为短链羧酸.同时研究了电芬顿处理中短链羧酸的演变行为.溶液毒性演变的跟踪研究发现,中间产物的毒性比8-HQS强,但溶液的毒性在中间产物矿化后可以完全消除.

Sonocatalytic activity of LuFeO_3 crystallites synthesized via a hydrothermal route

LuFeO3 crystallites of different sizes and morphologies were synthesized via a hydrothermal route. The sonocatalytic properties of the as-synthesized samples were investigated by degrading various organic dyes, including acid orange 7 （AOT）, rhodamine B （RhB）, methyl orange （MO）, and methylene blue （MB）, under ultrasonic irradiation, revealing that they exhibit excellent sonocatalytic activity toward the degradation of these dyes. Particularly, the synthesized bar-like particles with lengths of-3 μm and widths of-1μm have the highest sonocatalytic activity, and the degradation percentage of AO7 reaches 89% after 30 min of sonocatalysis. The effects of inorganic anions such as CI-, NO3-, SO42-, PO43-, and HCO3- on the sonocatalysis efficiency were investigated. Hydroxyl radicals （·OH） detected by fiuorimetry using terephthalic acid as a probe molecule were found to be produced over the ultrasonic-irradiated LuFeO3 particles. The addition of ethanol, which acts as a· OH scavenger, leads to quenching of ＂OH radicals and a simultaneous decrease in the dye degrada- tion. This suggests that ＂OH is the dominant active species responsible for the dye degradation.

Ultrasonic Extraction of Polysaccharides from Laminaria japonica and Their Antioxidative and Glycosidase Inhibitory Activities

In the present study, ultrasonic extraction technique （UET） is used to improve the yield of polysaccharides from Lami- naria japonica （LJPs）. And their antioxidative as well as glycosidase inhibitory activities are investigated. Box-Behnken design （BBD） combined with response surface methodology （RSM） is applied to optimize ultrasonic extraction for polysaccharides. The optimized conditions are obtained as extraction time at 54 min, ultrasonic power at 1050 W, extraction temperature at 80℃ and ratio of material to solvent at 1：50 （g mL-1）. Under these optimal ultrasonic extraction conditions, an actual experimental yield （5.75% ＋ 0.3%） is close to the predicted result （5.67%） with no significant difference （P〉0.05）. Vitro antioxidative and glycosidase inhibitory activities tests indicate that the crude polysaccharides （LJP） and two major ethanol precipitated fractions （LJP1 and LJP2） are in a concentration-dependent manner. LJP2 （30%-60% ethanol precipitated polysaccharides） possesses the strongest α-glucosidase in- hibitory activity and moderate scavenging activity against hydroxyl radicals （66.09% ±2.19%, 3.0 mg mL-l）. Also, the inhibitory activity against a-glucosidase （59.08% ± 3.79%, 5.0 mg mL-1） is close to that of acarbose （63.99% ± 3.27%, 5.0 mg mL-l）. LJP 1 （30% ethanol precipitated polysaccharides） exhibits the strongest scavenging activity against hydroxyl radicals （99.80%q-0.00%, 3.0mg mL-1） and moderate a-glucosidase inhibitory activity （47.76%± 1.92%, 5.0 mgmL-1）. LJP shows the most remarkable DPPH scav- enging activity （66.20%±0.11%, 5.0mgmL-1） but weakest a-glucosidase inhibitory activity （37.77%±1.30%, 5.0mgmL-1）. How- ever, all these LJPs exert weak inhibitory effects against a-amylase. These results show that UET is an effective method for extract- ing bioactive polysaccharides from seaweed materials. LJP 1 and LJP2 can be developed as a potential ingredient in hypoglycemic agents or functional food for the management of diabetes. This study provides scientific evidence and advances in the preparation technology and a hypoglycemic activities evaluation method for seaweed polysaccharides, especially glycosidase inhibition in com- bination with an antioxidative activity evaluation method.

高级氧化技术用于垃圾渗滤液的预处理及末端处理

高级氧化技术处理垃圾渗滤液是利用电解法制备的羟基自由基活性氧药剂对原液进行预处理,对膜生物反应器(MBR)处理后的水样做末端深度处理。原液预处理结果显示:COD由9000 mg/L降低至5270 mg/L,末端深度处理结果显示:COD由2000 mg/L降低至506 mg/L。原液预处理结果显示重金属含量Pb降低了57.2%,As降低了26.3%,Cd降低了18.7%,有毒有害的有机物如酚类、大分子烷烃类、生物难降解的羧酸类等有机物经过末端深度处理后均显著降低。该技术对改善垃圾渗滤液的处理工艺、减轻生物处理的负荷、提升处理效率,灭杀病原微生物,消除臭味,降低处理成本,具有重要参考价值。

SOD-like Activity of Copper Salicylate Complex in Tween Micel-lar Systems

opper salicylate complex has been synthesized and its composition was analyzed. The four surfactants(Tween 20, 40, 60, 80) were purified and their critical micelle concentrations(CMC) in phosphate buffer (pH=7.4) were measured. The SOD like activity of copper salicylate complex was assayed using the cytochrome c reduction method in different media. The cooperative effect of the complex with micelles was studied in detail. SOD like activity of the complex was enhanced in the presence of surfactants. The four surfactants themselves display SOD like activities to a certain extent. Similar results were obtained in the experiment for the antilipid peroxidation of red cell membrane. These results might be explained by the fact of micellar catalysis. It was suggested that the copper salicylate Tween system used as a potential antiinflammatory drug might be worthwhile to be further studied.

Improvement in Oxidative Stability of Soybean Oil by Mango Kernel Extracts

This work was undertaken to explore the potential of fruit waste materials as sources of natural antioxidants. Kernels of four varieties of mangoes of Indian origin were studied. Kernels were extracted with five different solvents, tested for extraction efficiency and total phenolic content （TPC）. As the methanol proved to be the best solvent, it was used for further analysis. The methanolic extracts of kernels had reducing power （RP） and scavenged 2, 2 diphenyl-l-picryl hydrazyl （DPPH） radical, which is related to their antioxidant activity （AA）. When analyzed in HPLC, the extracts showed the presence of phenolic compounds. The extracts had the higher capacity to reduce the formation of peroxides and slow down the rate of oxidation than butylated hydroxyl toluene （BHT） in refined, bleached deodorized soybean oil （RBD SBO）. Based on the results obtained mango kernels are potential source of natural antioxidants owing to their antioxidant activity.

In vitro antioxidant activity of callus culture of carrot （Daucus carom）

Carrot （Daucus carom） is a valuable source of health promoting ingredients such as anthocyanin, carotenes, phenolic compounds etc. These substances are important to man as a source of pharmaceuticals, fragrance, agrochemicals as well as food additives and used for prevention of many chronic diseases. Since these activities may be correlated with the presence of antioxidant compounds, extract of carrot and carrot callus were evaluated for their anthocyanin, flavonoids and total phenolic content as well as total antioxidant activity. Anthocyanin content was measured by spectrophotometric method. Total phenols and flavonoids were analyzed according to the Folin-Ciocalteu method and total antioxidant activity was assessed by ferric reducing/antioxidant power （FRAP） assay. Anthocyanin, flavonoids and total phenolic content were estimated to be 9.36 mg%, 46.96 mg% and 57.01 mg% for callus and 6.82 mg%, 32.96 mg% and 42.69 mg% for carrot, respectively, on fresh weight basis. The total antioxidant activity for the callus and carrot was found to be 51.13 mg, 118.77 mg, 91.08 mg and 140.08 mg equivalent and 79.40 mg, 184.44 mg, 141.43 mg and 217.52 mg equivalent to gallic acid, vitamin C, butylated hydroxyanisole （BHA） and trolox, respectively, when expressed per 100 g on fresh weight basis. The antioxidant activity of fresh carrot was found to be higher compared to its callus.

玉米蛋白水解条件对蛋白水解物体外解酒活性的影响

玉米蛋白粉是玉米湿法生产淀粉的副产物,含蛋白质质量分数62%~71%。玉米蛋白粉疏水性强的特点限制了其在食品行业的应用。但是,玉米蛋白具有特殊的氨基酸组成,且在其多肽链中存在促酒精代谢、抗氧化等功能区,这为其功能性的表现提供了良好的原料优势。利用碱性蛋白酶（Alcalase）和复合蛋白酶（Protamex）对高底物质量浓度（10 g/100 m L）玉米蛋白进行水解,研究水解条件对蛋白水解物的乙醇脱氢酶（ADH）激活率、·OH清除活性和蛋白回收率的影响。结果表明Alcalase水解玉米蛋白的适宜条件为酶解温度65℃,p H 8.0,加酶量2.5%,时间2h,该条件下蛋白水解物的ADH激活率为18.62%,·OH清除率为82.9%,蛋白回收率为25.08%;Protamex水解玉米蛋白的适宜条件为酶解温度55℃,p H 7.0,加酶量2.5%,时间2 h,该条件下玉米蛋白水解物的ADH激活率为9.67%,·OH清除率为82.0%,蛋白回收率为17.63%。Alcalase和Protamex顺序协同水解（酶底比为1.5%＋1.5%）所得玉米蛋白水解物的ADH激活率达到19.71%,·OH的清除率达到76.7%,蛋白回收率为52.63%。优化条件下蛋白水解物多肽分子量主要分布在955.0~546.8 Da之间。

Stability, cytotoxicity, and saturation effect of the free radical-scavenging cinnamic acid-dopamine hybrid antioxidants

Hybrid antioxidants cinnamoyldopamine（2a）, p-coumaroyldopamine（2b）, caffeoyldopamine（2c）, feruloyldopamine（2d） and sinapoyldopamine（2e） were synthesized by conjugation of dopamine（DA） and hydroxycinnamic acids（HCAs）. The stabilities were studied in buffers at p H 1.3, p H 5.0, and p H 7.4 including the human plasma. All the compounds were found highly stable at acidic p H, but underwent hydrolysis at neutral p H. Furthermore, the hydrolysis proceeded much faster in plasma in the following order as indicated by half-life values（t1/2）, 2c（1.21 h）〈2e（1.52 h）〈2d（1.85 h）〈2b（3.38 h）〈2a（3.88 h）, correlating with the number of electron-donating groups. It has been proven by UV spectrum that 2c, 2d, and 2e displayed red shift of more than 50 nm as compared to 2a and 2b, because of the presence of OH and OCH3 groups. In addition, the compounds（2b–e） showed no cytotoxicity on normal HUVEC cells as DA, although 2a displayed a 16% inhibition of proliferation at 40 μM following 48 h incubation. Their free radical-scavenging activities were evaluated using ABTS^＊＋ and superoxide anion assays and the mechanisms were proposed. It was found that they all exhibited higher activities than trolox, a recognized antioxidant. Amazingly, in the case of the hybrids（2a–e）, their activity was higher than that of HCAs while lower or comparable to that of DA, suggesting that there may be a ＂saturation effect＂ with the hybrid molecules in the antioxidant activities.