【目的】研究产卵时段和培养温度对似士维螨(Schwiebea similis Manson(蜱螨目:粉螨科))亲代雌螨生殖力、子代性比率和世代期的影响,为防治西洋参新害虫提供理论依据。【方法】采用二因素试验设计,因素A为亲代雌螨群产卵时段,设3个水平...【目的】研究产卵时段和培养温度对似士维螨(Schwiebea similis Manson(蜱螨目:粉螨科))亲代雌螨生殖力、子代性比率和世代期的影响,为防治西洋参新害虫提供理论依据。【方法】采用二因素试验设计,因素A为亲代雌螨群产卵时段,设3个水平,分别为每批34头亲代雌螨在夜间产卵12h(N12h)、白天产卵12h (D12h)、昼夜产卵24h(DN24h);因素B为培养温度(T),设9个水平,分别为11.0,12.0,14.9,17.7,21.0,23.7,27.1,30.0和33.0℃。将子代卵、幼螨和若螨用群体培养法培养,统计各有效组合内子代雌、雄螨数及世代期,计算亲代雌螨均殖数(PCR)、子代性比率和世代期均值(N),并使均值服从方差分析;计算世代发育起点温度(C)和有效积温(K),并组建N与T间的倒数模型。【结果】亲代雌螨昼夜产卵,由此2时段内所产卵粒育活的子代成螨数近似,PCR均值间差异不显著(P>0.05)。在11.0～27.1℃,子代全螨PCR均值达13.9头/d,而在23.7℃最高为16.2头/d。产卵时段和培养温度对子代雌雄性比率都无显著影响(P>0.05),均值1.10,有波动但无定向偏差。培养温度对子代成螨世代期的影响极显著(P<0.01),世代期随温度的上升而骤降。子代全螨世代期N与温度T间的倒数模型为:N=K/(T-C)=(184.3±4.55)/[T-(8.43±0.28)];估算此螨在当地发生6～9代/年。【结论】昼夜节律不影响似士维螨的产卵习性,亲代雌螨均殖数显示其有高产特例,子代雌雄性比率反映其种群结构,而倒数模型揭示其生理学时期,并为估算其田间种群增长趋势提供基本参数。展开更多
Objective The aim of the study was to explore the difference between immune cell subsets during the incubation of cytokine-induced kill cells （CIKs） from patients with and without hepatitis B virus （HBV）. Methods ...Objective The aim of the study was to explore the difference between immune cell subsets during the incubation of cytokine-induced kill cells （CIKs） from patients with and without hepatitis B virus （HBV）. Methods Peripheral blood samples were extracted from 50 tumor patients, and were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of HBV. The proliferation rate and activity of CIK cells were examined based on counts on days 1, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15 of culture. Additionally, the CD3＋, CD4＋, CD8＋, CD3＋CD8＋, C＋）3＋CD4＋, and CD3＋CD56＋ T cell populations were analyzed by flow cytometry on days 5, 7, 10, 13, and 15 of culture. Results Proliferation over a 15-day period was higher in the HBV-positive group than in the negative group （280-fold vs. 180-fold increase, respectively）, but there was no significant difference between the two groups at each time point. The frequencies of CD3＋, CD8＋ T, CD3＋CD8＋, and CD3＋CD56＋T cells increased over time, while those of CD4＋ and CD3＋CD4＋ T cells decreased over time, and these changes were greater in the positive group than in the negative group. The differences in CD8＋ T cells and CD3＋CD4＋ T cells between the two groups were significant （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion The proliferative capacity of CIK cells was higher for patients in the HBV-positive group than those in the HBV-negative group, and immune cell subsets were more favorable in the HBV-positive group than the neaative arouD.展开更多
Microbial adaptation to salinity can be achieved through synthesis of organic osmolytes,which requires high amounts of energy;however,a single addition of plant residues can only temporarily improve energy supply to s...Microbial adaptation to salinity can be achieved through synthesis of organic osmolytes,which requires high amounts of energy;however,a single addition of plant residues can only temporarily improve energy supply to soil microbes.Therefore,a laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to evaluate the responses of soil microbes to increasing salinity with repeated additions of plant residues using a loamy sand soil with an electrical conductivity in saturated paste extract(EC_e) of 0.6 dS m^(-1).The soil was kept non-saline or salinized by adding different amounts of NaCl to achieve EC_e of 12.5,25.0 and 50.0 dS m^(-1).The non-saline soil and the saline soils were amended with finely ground pea residues at two rates equivalent to 3.9 and 7.8 g C kg^(-1) soil on days 0,15 and29.The soils receiving no residues were included as a control.Cumulative respiration per g C added over 2 weeks after each residue addition was always greater at 3.9 than 7.8 g C kg^(-1) soil and higher in the non-saline soil than in the saline soils.In the saline soils,the cumulative respiration per g C added was higher after the second and third additions than after the first addition except with3.9 g C kg^(-1) at EC_e of 50 dS m^(_1).Though with the same amount of C added(7.8 g C kg^(-1)),salinity reduced soil respiration to a lesser extent when 3.9 g C kg^(-1) was added twice compared to a single addition of 7.8 g C kg^(-1).After the third residue addition,the microbial biomass C concentration was significantly lower in the soils with EC_e of 25 and 50 dS m^(_1) than in the non-saline soil at3.9 g C kg^(-1),but only in the soil with EC_e of 50 dS m^(-1) at 7.8 g C kg^(-1).We concluded that repeated residue additions increased the adaptation of soil microbial community to salinity,which was likely due to high C availability providing microbes with the energy needed for synthesis of organic osmolytes.展开更多
文摘【目的】研究产卵时段和培养温度对似士维螨(Schwiebea similis Manson(蜱螨目:粉螨科))亲代雌螨生殖力、子代性比率和世代期的影响,为防治西洋参新害虫提供理论依据。【方法】采用二因素试验设计,因素A为亲代雌螨群产卵时段,设3个水平,分别为每批34头亲代雌螨在夜间产卵12h(N12h)、白天产卵12h (D12h)、昼夜产卵24h(DN24h);因素B为培养温度(T),设9个水平,分别为11.0,12.0,14.9,17.7,21.0,23.7,27.1,30.0和33.0℃。将子代卵、幼螨和若螨用群体培养法培养,统计各有效组合内子代雌、雄螨数及世代期,计算亲代雌螨均殖数(PCR)、子代性比率和世代期均值(N),并使均值服从方差分析;计算世代发育起点温度(C)和有效积温(K),并组建N与T间的倒数模型。【结果】亲代雌螨昼夜产卵,由此2时段内所产卵粒育活的子代成螨数近似,PCR均值间差异不显著(P>0.05)。在11.0～27.1℃,子代全螨PCR均值达13.9头/d,而在23.7℃最高为16.2头/d。产卵时段和培养温度对子代雌雄性比率都无显著影响(P>0.05),均值1.10,有波动但无定向偏差。培养温度对子代成螨世代期的影响极显著(P<0.01),世代期随温度的上升而骤降。子代全螨世代期N与温度T间的倒数模型为:N=K/(T-C)=(184.3±4.55)/[T-(8.43±0.28)];估算此螨在当地发生6～9代/年。【结论】昼夜节律不影响似士维螨的产卵习性,亲代雌螨均殖数显示其有高产特例,子代雌雄性比率反映其种群结构,而倒数模型揭示其生理学时期,并为估算其田间种群增长趋势提供基本参数。
文摘Objective The aim of the study was to explore the difference between immune cell subsets during the incubation of cytokine-induced kill cells （CIKs） from patients with and without hepatitis B virus （HBV）. Methods Peripheral blood samples were extracted from 50 tumor patients, and were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of HBV. The proliferation rate and activity of CIK cells were examined based on counts on days 1, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15 of culture. Additionally, the CD3＋, CD4＋, CD8＋, CD3＋CD8＋, C＋）3＋CD4＋, and CD3＋CD56＋ T cell populations were analyzed by flow cytometry on days 5, 7, 10, 13, and 15 of culture. Results Proliferation over a 15-day period was higher in the HBV-positive group than in the negative group （280-fold vs. 180-fold increase, respectively）, but there was no significant difference between the two groups at each time point. The frequencies of CD3＋, CD8＋ T, CD3＋CD8＋, and CD3＋CD56＋T cells increased over time, while those of CD4＋ and CD3＋CD4＋ T cells decreased over time, and these changes were greater in the positive group than in the negative group. The differences in CD8＋ T cells and CD3＋CD4＋ T cells between the two groups were significant （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion The proliferative capacity of CIK cells was higher for patients in the HBV-positive group than those in the HBV-negative group, and immune cell subsets were more favorable in the HBV-positive group than the neaative arouD.
文摘Microbial adaptation to salinity can be achieved through synthesis of organic osmolytes,which requires high amounts of energy;however,a single addition of plant residues can only temporarily improve energy supply to soil microbes.Therefore,a laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to evaluate the responses of soil microbes to increasing salinity with repeated additions of plant residues using a loamy sand soil with an electrical conductivity in saturated paste extract(EC_e) of 0.6 dS m^(-1).The soil was kept non-saline or salinized by adding different amounts of NaCl to achieve EC_e of 12.5,25.0 and 50.0 dS m^(-1).The non-saline soil and the saline soils were amended with finely ground pea residues at two rates equivalent to 3.9 and 7.8 g C kg^(-1) soil on days 0,15 and29.The soils receiving no residues were included as a control.Cumulative respiration per g C added over 2 weeks after each residue addition was always greater at 3.9 than 7.8 g C kg^(-1) soil and higher in the non-saline soil than in the saline soils.In the saline soils,the cumulative respiration per g C added was higher after the second and third additions than after the first addition except with3.9 g C kg^(-1) at EC_e of 50 dS m^(_1).Though with the same amount of C added(7.8 g C kg^(-1)),salinity reduced soil respiration to a lesser extent when 3.9 g C kg^(-1) was added twice compared to a single addition of 7.8 g C kg^(-1).After the third residue addition,the microbial biomass C concentration was significantly lower in the soils with EC_e of 25 and 50 dS m^(_1) than in the non-saline soil at3.9 g C kg^(-1),but only in the soil with EC_e of 50 dS m^(-1) at 7.8 g C kg^(-1).We concluded that repeated residue additions increased the adaptation of soil microbial community to salinity,which was likely due to high C availability providing microbes with the energy needed for synthesis of organic osmolytes.
