Changes of Wage Structures in Chinese Public and Private Sectors： 1995-2007

Using CHIP （Chinese Household Income Project Survey） data and the sample selection bias corrected wage function model, this paper estimated changes in wage structure in China by ownership types （SOEs, COEs, FEs, and PEs） in 1995 and 2007. The major conclusions are as follows. First, effects of education on wage levels in SOEs and FEs become greater, while education effects decrease in SOEs and PEs under economic transition periods; firm-specific human capital becomes more important in the wage determination mechanism along with market-oriented reforms in SOEs, PEs, and FEs; age effect decreases in SOEs and COEs, but it becomes greater in PEs and FEs. Second, there exist wage structure differences between sectors by wage distributions. For example, in 2007, in SOEs, education return rates are higher for the low-wage and middle-wage groups, and the effect is the highest at the 40th percentile. However in COEs and FEs, education return rates are higher for the high-wage groups, and the effect is the highest at the 70th percentile in COEs and at the 70th percentile in FEs. Tenure effects are greater in the middle-wage groups （40th-80th） in SOEs, COEs, and FEs, and age effects are greater in the low-wage groups （5th-30th） in SOEs, FEs, and PEs.

宿根花卉的选择及可持续发展应用研究

宿根花卉具有种类丰富、观赏期长、适应性强、群体景观效果好、管理粗放、抗逆性强等特点,对于延长景观的整体观赏期、实现景观的动态美、提高生活品质等方面具有重要意义,而且符合建设生态节约型园林的宗旨,是一种可持续发展的园林植物。文章总结了常见宿根花卉的观赏特点及园林应用形式,并对其可持续利用方式和种植设计方法进行了研究,充分发挥宿根花卉的生态优势和景观优势,以获得良好的经济、社会和环境生态效益,为解决园林建设中缺乏地方特色、景观单调、管理费用高等问题提供借鉴,以期促进宿根花卉在园林建设中的健康、可持续发展。