India is the world＇s largest democracy. The preamble of the constitution enshrines the values of a socialist, secular and equality. The aim was to create a society, based on fair and equitable distribution of resourc...India is the world＇s largest democracy. The preamble of the constitution enshrines the values of a socialist, secular and equality. The aim was to create a society, based on fair and equitable distribution of resources and bringing the weaker sections to the mainstream of the society. However with the entry of globalization rapid changes were being made in the structural policy. Markets started taking over from where the state left off. it has been two decades and half since the liberalization, privatization and globalization phase was ushered in. Subsequently, privatization of education is rampant in each part of education system of India. The main objective of this paper is to find out socio-educational inequality at higher education level and to explore the educational participation, attainment and performance of scheduled castes at higher education level. Basically, this study is an empirical and exploratory research. Data collection and analysis were done through the data triangulation methods in this research process.展开更多
Climate protection is a problem of sustaining a public resource. All countries of the world should take action to deal with climate change. However, such an action is actually a game process where each country chooses...Climate protection is a problem of sustaining a public resource. All countries of the world should take action to deal with climate change. However, such an action is actually a game process where each country chooses to cooperate or defect under constrained condition. Here we study the group behavior of countries in dealing with climate change. In our study, the countries of the world are considered as players who are distributed on an assumed spatial network. A new evolution rule is proposed to model the game process among the players. Our extensive experiments demonstrate that under constrained condition, the local psychology of players possibly results in the formation of local group. Some local and global oscillations can be found where part or all of the players change their choices periodically.展开更多
The goal of this research is to analyze and discuss the origin of Qipao as women's fashionable wear in the early Republic Period (1911-1949).The origin of Qipao fashion will be discussed in three aspects:1) discus...The goal of this research is to analyze and discuss the origin of Qipao as women's fashionable wear in the early Republic Period (1911-1949).The origin of Qipao fashion will be discussed in three aspects:1) discussion of the original time,place and consumer group of Qipao fashion;2) analysis of initial style and wear combination of Qipao,3) deduction of the origin of the name Qipao.Besides,the analysis will also be given about Qipao's aesthetic characters,its production,consumption guarantee as well as its social backgrounds.The research will be made on the basis of the principles and methods of history,social psychology of clothing and design,and will use many materials especially historical writings and publications to give a more detailed discussion.Here are some tentative conclusions. Firstly, Qipao as a kind of one-piece dress was not inherited directly from the robe of Banner Style. It was a new fashion in the 1920s, which combined the elements of long vest called Qipao Majia, Wenming Xin Zhuang and the Western dress. Secondly, the Shanghai female students were the pioneering group wearing Qipao in 1925. Thirdly, the gradual acceptance of Qipao was mainly due to its aesthetic characters, production, consumption as well as social backgrounds at that time. And it was the kind of daily wear of many Chinese women after 1927. Fourthly, since Qipao represents the special clothing which integrated Chinese traditional style and the Western fashion in the early Republic Period, Qipao is advised to be taken as a special term to take the place of the previous ones like Mandarin Dress, Chipau and Cheongsam and so on.展开更多
The construction of a barrier-free environment is an important measure that guarantees the safety,right-of-way,and interests of the disabled,the elderly,and other mobility disadvantaged groups.It is also an indispensa...The construction of a barrier-free environment is an important measure that guarantees the safety,right-of-way,and interests of the disabled,the elderly,and other mobility disadvantaged groups.It is also an indispensable part of the low-carbon urban transportation and a necessary way to protect the rights of mobility disadvantaged groups in green travel.In this paper,the researchers conducted life log surveys on the travels of 10 wheelchair users residing in Beijing with IoT Inspector,a self-developed,wheelchairmountable intelligent sensing device.Wheelchair users’travel preferences and reasons were then analyzed using the image and textual data from the surveys.Combined with a mapping workshop,a comparative analysis was performed on the bumpiness of sidewalk paving materials.The study found that wheelchair travelers’preferred non-motor lanes over sidewalks;substandard curb ramps,unleveled tree pools,limited access widths,and bumpy pavement were the main problems faced by wheelchair users in sidewalk accessibility.In addition,the study explores the inclusive needs and challenges of non-motorized right-of-way for new transportation means at urban planning and traffic management levels.Based on multi-sourced data,this paper discusses the possibility of assessing urban barrier-free environment and representing a narrative of the needs of mobility disadvantaged groups,so as to provide practical experience and technical support to the improvement strategies of adaptive roads.展开更多
Information sharing is a critical task for group-living animals. The pattern of sharing can be modeled as a network whose structure can affect the decision-making performance of individual members as well as that of t...Information sharing is a critical task for group-living animals. The pattern of sharing can be modeled as a network whose structure can affect the decision-making performance of individual members as well as that of the group as a whole. A fully connected network, in which each member can directly transfer information to all other members, ensures rapid sharing of important information, such as a promising foraging location. However, it can also impose costs by amplifying the spread of inaccur- ate information （if, for example the foraging location is actually not profitable）. Thus, an optimal net- work structure should balance effective sharing of current knowledge with opportunities to discover new information. We used a computer simulation to measure how well groups characterized by dif- ferent network structures （fully connected, small world, lattice, and random） find and exploit resource peaks in a variable environment. We found that a fully connected network outperformed other struc- tures when resource quality was predictable. When resource quality showed random variation, however, the small world network was better than the fully connected one at avoiding extremely poor outcomes. These results suggest that animal groups may benefit by adjusting their informa- tion-sharing network structures depending on the noisiness of their environment.展开更多
文摘India is the world＇s largest democracy. The preamble of the constitution enshrines the values of a socialist, secular and equality. The aim was to create a society, based on fair and equitable distribution of resources and bringing the weaker sections to the mainstream of the society. However with the entry of globalization rapid changes were being made in the structural policy. Markets started taking over from where the state left off. it has been two decades and half since the liberalization, privatization and globalization phase was ushered in. Subsequently, privatization of education is rampant in each part of education system of India. The main objective of this paper is to find out socio-educational inequality at higher education level and to explore the educational participation, attainment and performance of scheduled castes at higher education level. Basically, this study is an empirical and exploratory research. Data collection and analysis were done through the data triangulation methods in this research process.
基金Supported by the State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety under Grant Nos.RCS2008ZZ001 and RCS2010ZZ001,Beijing Jiaotong University
文摘Climate protection is a problem of sustaining a public resource. All countries of the world should take action to deal with climate change. However, such an action is actually a game process where each country chooses to cooperate or defect under constrained condition. Here we study the group behavior of countries in dealing with climate change. In our study, the countries of the world are considered as players who are distributed on an assumed spatial network. A new evolution rule is proposed to model the game process among the players. Our extensive experiments demonstrate that under constrained condition, the local psychology of players possibly results in the formation of local group. Some local and global oscillations can be found where part or all of the players change their choices periodically.
文摘The goal of this research is to analyze and discuss the origin of Qipao as women's fashionable wear in the early Republic Period (1911-1949).The origin of Qipao fashion will be discussed in three aspects:1) discussion of the original time,place and consumer group of Qipao fashion;2) analysis of initial style and wear combination of Qipao,3) deduction of the origin of the name Qipao.Besides,the analysis will also be given about Qipao's aesthetic characters,its production,consumption guarantee as well as its social backgrounds.The research will be made on the basis of the principles and methods of history,social psychology of clothing and design,and will use many materials especially historical writings and publications to give a more detailed discussion.Here are some tentative conclusions. Firstly, Qipao as a kind of one-piece dress was not inherited directly from the robe of Banner Style. It was a new fashion in the 1920s, which combined the elements of long vest called Qipao Majia, Wenming Xin Zhuang and the Western dress. Secondly, the Shanghai female students were the pioneering group wearing Qipao in 1925. Thirdly, the gradual acceptance of Qipao was mainly due to its aesthetic characters, production, consumption as well as social backgrounds at that time. And it was the kind of daily wear of many Chinese women after 1927. Fourthly, since Qipao represents the special clothing which integrated Chinese traditional style and the Western fashion in the early Republic Period, Qipao is advised to be taken as a special term to take the place of the previous ones like Mandarin Dress, Chipau and Cheongsam and so on.
文摘The construction of a barrier-free environment is an important measure that guarantees the safety,right-of-way,and interests of the disabled,the elderly,and other mobility disadvantaged groups.It is also an indispensable part of the low-carbon urban transportation and a necessary way to protect the rights of mobility disadvantaged groups in green travel.In this paper,the researchers conducted life log surveys on the travels of 10 wheelchair users residing in Beijing with IoT Inspector,a self-developed,wheelchairmountable intelligent sensing device.Wheelchair users’travel preferences and reasons were then analyzed using the image and textual data from the surveys.Combined with a mapping workshop,a comparative analysis was performed on the bumpiness of sidewalk paving materials.The study found that wheelchair travelers’preferred non-motor lanes over sidewalks;substandard curb ramps,unleveled tree pools,limited access widths,and bumpy pavement were the main problems faced by wheelchair users in sidewalk accessibility.In addition,the study explores the inclusive needs and challenges of non-motorized right-of-way for new transportation means at urban planning and traffic management levels.Based on multi-sourced data,this paper discusses the possibility of assessing urban barrier-free environment and representing a narrative of the needs of mobility disadvantaged groups,so as to provide practical experience and technical support to the improvement strategies of adaptive roads.
文摘Information sharing is a critical task for group-living animals. The pattern of sharing can be modeled as a network whose structure can affect the decision-making performance of individual members as well as that of the group as a whole. A fully connected network, in which each member can directly transfer information to all other members, ensures rapid sharing of important information, such as a promising foraging location. However, it can also impose costs by amplifying the spread of inaccur- ate information （if, for example the foraging location is actually not profitable）. Thus, an optimal net- work structure should balance effective sharing of current knowledge with opportunities to discover new information. We used a computer simulation to measure how well groups characterized by dif- ferent network structures （fully connected, small world, lattice, and random） find and exploit resource peaks in a variable environment. We found that a fully connected network outperformed other struc- tures when resource quality was predictable. When resource quality showed random variation, however, the small world network was better than the fully connected one at avoiding extremely poor outcomes. These results suggest that animal groups may benefit by adjusting their informa- tion-sharing network structures depending on the noisiness of their environment.
