In order to incorporate the decision maker＇s preference into multiobjective optimization a preference-based multiobjective artificial bee colony algorithm PMABCA is proposed.In the proposed algorithm a novel referenc...In order to incorporate the decision maker＇s preference into multiobjective optimization a preference-based multiobjective artificial bee colony algorithm PMABCA is proposed.In the proposed algorithm a novel reference point based preference expression method is addressed.The fitness assignment function is defined based on the nondominated rank and the newly defined preference distance.An archive set is introduced for saving the nondominated solutions and an improved crowding-distance operator is addressed to remove the extra solutions in the archive.The experimental results of two benchmark test functions show that a preferred set of solutions and some other non-preference solutions are achieved simultaneously.The simulation results of the proportional-integral-derivative PID parameter optimization for superheated steam temperature verify that the PMABCA is efficient in aiding to making a reasonable decision.展开更多
Generalist mammalian predators hunt for prey in different ways than raptors,often relying on ambush attack.Such differences in predator behavior can have profound effects on susceptibility of different species of prey...Generalist mammalian predators hunt for prey in different ways than raptors,often relying on ambush attack.Such differences in predator behavior can have profound effects on susceptibility of different species of prey to predation,but can also modify the behavior of prey.We investigated susceptibility of common birds to predation by domestic cats Felis catus,relying on an extensive data set on prey abundance and prey availability as determined by standardized bird counts.Susceptibility to cat predation for different species of birds was not significantly correlated with susceptibility to predation by sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus,but with susceptibility to goshawk Accipiter gentilis predation. Susceptibility to goshawk predation was independently predicted by susceptibility to cat and sparrowhawk predation.We cross-validated our estimate of susceptibilityto cat predation by showing that the frequency of birds with tail loss increased strongly with sus-ceptibility to cat predation.Male birds were disproportionately preyed upon,especially if havingsong posts low in the vegetation,and if having short flight distances when singing.Colonially breeding species were less susceptible to predation than solitary species.Bird species with high levels of innate immune defense against bacterial infections had high susceptibility to cat predation.These findings suggest that predation by cats has been an important selection pressure affecting anti-predation behavior,sexual display and immune function in common birds.展开更多
Fish diversity in different habitats and their preference for a particular habitat was studied in a freshwater stream Hinval in Western Himalayas of Garhwal region. A total of 7 fish species belonging to 2 orders were...Fish diversity in different habitats and their preference for a particular habitat was studied in a freshwater stream Hinval in Western Himalayas of Garhwal region. A total of 7 fish species belonging to 2 orders were recorded. The maximum fish diversity and dominance was reported in the cyprinids. Two species of order Cypriniformes, Tot putitora （Ham.） and Barilius bendelisis （Ham.） were recorded at all the three sites, although they were more abundant at sites I and II. Among the Barilius spp., Barilius bendelisis （Ham.） was the most common at all the study sites, while Barilius barna （Ham.） and Barilius vagra （Ham.） were only found at Ⅰand Ⅱsites. The pool habitat was the most preferred habitat of almost all the species with （＇H＇=0.521-0.594） tbllowed by rapid and riffle habitat respectively.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51306082,51476027)
文摘In order to incorporate the decision maker＇s preference into multiobjective optimization a preference-based multiobjective artificial bee colony algorithm PMABCA is proposed.In the proposed algorithm a novel reference point based preference expression method is addressed.The fitness assignment function is defined based on the nondominated rank and the newly defined preference distance.An archive set is introduced for saving the nondominated solutions and an improved crowding-distance operator is addressed to remove the extra solutions in the archive.The experimental results of two benchmark test functions show that a preferred set of solutions and some other non-preference solutions are achieved simultaneously.The simulation results of the proportional-integral-derivative PID parameter optimization for superheated steam temperature verify that the PMABCA is efficient in aiding to making a reasonable decision.
文摘Generalist mammalian predators hunt for prey in different ways than raptors,often relying on ambush attack.Such differences in predator behavior can have profound effects on susceptibility of different species of prey to predation,but can also modify the behavior of prey.We investigated susceptibility of common birds to predation by domestic cats Felis catus,relying on an extensive data set on prey abundance and prey availability as determined by standardized bird counts.Susceptibility to cat predation for different species of birds was not significantly correlated with susceptibility to predation by sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus,but with susceptibility to goshawk Accipiter gentilis predation. Susceptibility to goshawk predation was independently predicted by susceptibility to cat and sparrowhawk predation.We cross-validated our estimate of susceptibilityto cat predation by showing that the frequency of birds with tail loss increased strongly with sus-ceptibility to cat predation.Male birds were disproportionately preyed upon,especially if havingsong posts low in the vegetation,and if having short flight distances when singing.Colonially breeding species were less susceptible to predation than solitary species.Bird species with high levels of innate immune defense against bacterial infections had high susceptibility to cat predation.These findings suggest that predation by cats has been an important selection pressure affecting anti-predation behavior,sexual display and immune function in common birds.
文摘Fish diversity in different habitats and their preference for a particular habitat was studied in a freshwater stream Hinval in Western Himalayas of Garhwal region. A total of 7 fish species belonging to 2 orders were recorded. The maximum fish diversity and dominance was reported in the cyprinids. Two species of order Cypriniformes, Tot putitora （Ham.） and Barilius bendelisis （Ham.） were recorded at all the three sites, although they were more abundant at sites I and II. Among the Barilius spp., Barilius bendelisis （Ham.） was the most common at all the study sites, while Barilius barna （Ham.） and Barilius vagra （Ham.） were only found at Ⅰand Ⅱsites. The pool habitat was the most preferred habitat of almost all the species with （＇H＇=0.521-0.594） tbllowed by rapid and riffle habitat respectively.
