陆上气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)反演作为气候、环境领域的一大研究方向,偏振多角度遥感在这个方向上有其特有的优势。本文使用法国POLDER(Polarization and Directionality of Earth’s Reflectance)1级偏振多角度资料,提出了一种针对气溶胶...陆上气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)反演作为气候、环境领域的一大研究方向,偏振多角度遥感在这个方向上有其特有的优势。本文使用法国POLDER(Polarization and Directionality of Earth’s Reflectance)1级偏振多角度资料,提出了一种针对气溶胶反演的群组残差最优方法,反演了气溶胶AOD。首先,模拟计算了大气、地表和气溶胶的偏振多角度反射率;然后,通过辐射传输公式,推算卫星观测的偏振表观反射率的若干组模拟值;最后,使用群组残差最优方法,计算获得气溶胶AOD。通过和MODIS(Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)气溶胶数据产品(MYD04)的精确地理匹配和定量分析,验证了此方法的反演精度,结果表明:本文得到的AOD与MYD04建立的回归分析,其R2可达到0.68以上,斜率与1接近,即此方法获得的反演产品与MYD04具有较好的一致性;与AERONET(Aerosol Robotic Network)的AOD数据也进行了坎普尔站、北京站上的统计与分析,AOD的变化趋势上也存在较好的一致性。本文方法能够应用于除POLDER以外的偏振多角度卫星数据,获得较为可靠的陆上气溶胶AOD产品。展开更多
Lie group method provides an efficient tool to solve nonlinear partial differential equations. This paper suggests Lie group method for fractional partial differential equations. A time-fractional Burgers equation is ...Lie group method provides an efficient tool to solve nonlinear partial differential equations. This paper suggests Lie group method for fractional partial differential equations. A time-fractional Burgers equation is used as an example to illustrate the effectiveness of the Lie group method and some classes of exact solutions are obtained.展开更多
Population genomic approaches are making rapid inroads in the study of non-model organisms, including marine taxa. To date, these marine studies have predominantly focused on rudimentary metrics describing the spatial...Population genomic approaches are making rapid inroads in the study of non-model organisms, including marine taxa. To date, these marine studies have predominantly focused on rudimentary metrics describing the spatial and environmental context of their study region (e.g., geographical distance, average sea surface temperature, average salinity). We contend that a more nuanced and considered approach to quantifying seascape dynamics and patterns can strengthen population genomic investigations and help identify spatial, temporal, and environmental factors associated with differing selective regimes or demographic histories. Nevertheless, approaches for quantifying marine landscapes are complicated. Characteristic features of the marine environment, including pelagic living in flowing water (experienced by most marine taxa at some point in their life cycle), require a well-designed spatial-temporal sampling strategy and analysis. Many genetic summary statistics used to describe populations may be inappropriate for marine species with large population sizes, large species ranges, stochastic recruitment, and asymmetrical gene flow. Finally, statistical approaches for testing associations between seascapes and population genomic patterns are still maturing with no single approach able to capture all relevant considerations. None of these issues are completely unique to marine systems and therefore similar issues and solutions will be shared for many organisms regardless of habitat. Here, we outline goals and spatial approaches for land- scape genomics with an emphasis on marine systems and review the growing empirical literature on seascape genomics. We review established tools and approaches and highlight promising new strategies to overcome select issues including a strategy to spatially optimize sampling. Despite the many challenges, we argue that marine systems may be especially well suited for identifying candidate genomic regions under environmentally mediated selection and that seascape genomic approaches are especially useful for identifying robust locus-by-environment associations.展开更多
A synthetic method for a new unsymmetrical Schiff base and its Ln(Ⅲ)complexes including multi > C = N — groups is reported. The complexes are characterized byelemental analysis, IR spectra, ~1H and ^(13)C NMR, es...A synthetic method for a new unsymmetrical Schiff base and its Ln(Ⅲ)complexes including multi > C = N — groups is reported. The complexes are characterized byelemental analysis, IR spectra, ~1H and ^(13)C NMR, especially 2D-COSY ~1H, ~1H NMR spectra. Thegeneral formula of the obtained complexes is [Ln_3(TBLY)(NO_3)_3] · nH_2O (Ln = La, n = 3; Ln = Nd,n=5; Ln = Gd, Dy, Yb, Y, n = 7), where TBLY = tetraglycol aldehyde-2,4-dihydroxy benzaldehydebis-lysine Schiff base. In addition, the evidence for existence of > C = CH — NH — group issupported by the AM1 method. The complexes obtained may be used as a catalyst. Conversion rate of80% with the viscosity-average molecular weight 220000 for the polymerization of methyl methacrylate(MMA) without addition of any cocatalyst has been obtained.展开更多
According to the Ringel-Green theorem,the generic composition algebra of the Hall algebra provides a realization of the positive part of the quantum group.Furthermore,its Drinfeld double can be identified with the who...According to the Ringel-Green theorem,the generic composition algebra of the Hall algebra provides a realization of the positive part of the quantum group.Furthermore,its Drinfeld double can be identified with the whole quantum group,in which the BGP-reflection functors coincide with Lusztig's symmetries.It is first asserted that the elements corresponding to exceptional modules lie in the integral generic composition algebra,hence in the integral form of the quantum group.Then it is proved that these elements lie in the crystal basis up to a sign.Eventually,it is shown that the sign can be removed by the geometric method.The results hold for any type of Cartan datum.展开更多
In this paper, we present a method for constructing a Dulac function for mathematical models in population biology, in the form of systems of ordinary differential equations in the plane.
文摘陆上气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)反演作为气候、环境领域的一大研究方向,偏振多角度遥感在这个方向上有其特有的优势。本文使用法国POLDER(Polarization and Directionality of Earth’s Reflectance)1级偏振多角度资料,提出了一种针对气溶胶反演的群组残差最优方法,反演了气溶胶AOD。首先,模拟计算了大气、地表和气溶胶的偏振多角度反射率;然后,通过辐射传输公式,推算卫星观测的偏振表观反射率的若干组模拟值;最后,使用群组残差最优方法,计算获得气溶胶AOD。通过和MODIS(Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)气溶胶数据产品(MYD04)的精确地理匹配和定量分析,验证了此方法的反演精度,结果表明:本文得到的AOD与MYD04建立的回归分析,其R2可达到0.68以上,斜率与1接近,即此方法获得的反演产品与MYD04具有较好的一致性;与AERONET(Aerosol Robotic Network)的AOD数据也进行了坎普尔站、北京站上的统计与分析,AOD的变化趋势上也存在较好的一致性。本文方法能够应用于除POLDER以外的偏振多角度卫星数据,获得较为可靠的陆上气溶胶AOD产品。
文摘Lie group method provides an efficient tool to solve nonlinear partial differential equations. This paper suggests Lie group method for fractional partial differential equations. A time-fractional Burgers equation is used as an example to illustrate the effectiveness of the Lie group method and some classes of exact solutions are obtained.
文摘Population genomic approaches are making rapid inroads in the study of non-model organisms, including marine taxa. To date, these marine studies have predominantly focused on rudimentary metrics describing the spatial and environmental context of their study region (e.g., geographical distance, average sea surface temperature, average salinity). We contend that a more nuanced and considered approach to quantifying seascape dynamics and patterns can strengthen population genomic investigations and help identify spatial, temporal, and environmental factors associated with differing selective regimes or demographic histories. Nevertheless, approaches for quantifying marine landscapes are complicated. Characteristic features of the marine environment, including pelagic living in flowing water (experienced by most marine taxa at some point in their life cycle), require a well-designed spatial-temporal sampling strategy and analysis. Many genetic summary statistics used to describe populations may be inappropriate for marine species with large population sizes, large species ranges, stochastic recruitment, and asymmetrical gene flow. Finally, statistical approaches for testing associations between seascapes and population genomic patterns are still maturing with no single approach able to capture all relevant considerations. None of these issues are completely unique to marine systems and therefore similar issues and solutions will be shared for many organisms regardless of habitat. Here, we outline goals and spatial approaches for land- scape genomics with an emphasis on marine systems and review the growing empirical literature on seascape genomics. We review established tools and approaches and highlight promising new strategies to overcome select issues including a strategy to spatially optimize sampling. Despite the many challenges, we argue that marine systems may be especially well suited for identifying candidate genomic regions under environmentally mediated selection and that seascape genomic approaches are especially useful for identifying robust locus-by-environment associations.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 29671026) Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (Grant No. 296062) and the Laboratory of MRAMP (Grant No. 971502). References
文摘A synthetic method for a new unsymmetrical Schiff base and its Ln(Ⅲ)complexes including multi > C = N — groups is reported. The complexes are characterized byelemental analysis, IR spectra, ~1H and ^(13)C NMR, especially 2D-COSY ~1H, ~1H NMR spectra. Thegeneral formula of the obtained complexes is [Ln_3(TBLY)(NO_3)_3] · nH_2O (Ln = La, n = 3; Ln = Nd,n=5; Ln = Gd, Dy, Yb, Y, n = 7), where TBLY = tetraglycol aldehyde-2,4-dihydroxy benzaldehydebis-lysine Schiff base. In addition, the evidence for existence of > C = CH — NH — group issupported by the AM1 method. The complexes obtained may be used as a catalyst. Conversion rate of80% with the viscosity-average molecular weight 220000 for the polymerization of methyl methacrylate(MMA) without addition of any cocatalyst has been obtained.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 10631010) the NationalKey Basic Research Programme of China (No. 2006CB805905)
文摘According to the Ringel-Green theorem,the generic composition algebra of the Hall algebra provides a realization of the positive part of the quantum group.Furthermore,its Drinfeld double can be identified with the whole quantum group,in which the BGP-reflection functors coincide with Lusztig's symmetries.It is first asserted that the elements corresponding to exceptional modules lie in the integral generic composition algebra,hence in the integral form of the quantum group.Then it is proved that these elements lie in the crystal basis up to a sign.Eventually,it is shown that the sign can be removed by the geometric method.The results hold for any type of Cartan datum.
文摘In this paper, we present a method for constructing a Dulac function for mathematical models in population biology, in the form of systems of ordinary differential equations in the plane.