深圳松子坑森林公园鸟类多样性与群落特征研究

2008年3月至2009年2月间,每季度调查深圳松子坑森林公园鸟类的物种和数量,对公园鸟类多样性、群落结构及季节变化进行分析,结果显示:松子坑森林公园共记录到鸟类74种,隶属于12目34科,其中留鸟45种,占61%,迁徙鸟类29种,占39%。公园鸟类多样性与群落特征呈季节性波动,物种数和个体数量在秋季最高,其次是冬春季节,夏季最低。

城市公园植物群落特征及多样性和美景度影响机制研究——以杭州西湖周边4个公园为例

文章以杭州太子湾、花港观鱼、杭州花圃、柳浪闻莺4个公园为对象,基于40个植物群落,运用美景度评价法得出各群落的景观得分值,采用语义差异分析法研究评价因子,运用python2.7对植物群落特征和多样性进行处理,利用SPSS statistics 22进行相关性分析及建立多元线性回归模型。结果表明,植物群落特征及与美景度不存在共线性关系,而景观评价因子与美景度的模型为SBE=-2.185-0.298×X1+0.227×X3-0.280×X5-0.337×X7+0.868×X8+0.589×X9,其中评价因子为植物种类多样性、色彩多样性、整洁度、空间感、特色感、生命力。

施肥对甘南高寒草甸退化草地植物群落多样性和生产力的影响

对甘肃玛曲县中度退化草地进行了氮、磷、钾、有机肥施肥处理,研究了其对草地植物群落多样性和生产力的影响。结果表明:施肥各种处理均可不同程度增加退化草地的植被高度和地上生物量,其中施有机肥O和N-P-K使植被高度分别增加2.208倍、2.274倍,地上生物量分别增加了3.315倍、3.161倍;在施P处理中,杂类草减少32.90%,莎草科植物增加73.43%,有机肥处理中,禾本科植物增加19.69%,不同施肥处理后,莎草科、禾本科和豆科各物种重要值都在增加,而杂类草各物种重要值都在减少;各种施肥处理(施O除外)均可使退化草地植物群落的物种丰富度减少;在N-P-K处理中物种Simpson多样性指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou均匀度指数均增加,有机肥处理的丰富度和Simpson优势度指数均增加,N处理中Pielou均匀度和Simpson优势度指数均增加,在单施P或K处理中,上述4指数均减少了。从生物多样性特征和生产力增加综合考虑,施有机肥和N-P-K是加速高寒草甸退化草地恢复重建的重要措施。

深圳梧桐山风景区人工林群落调查分析

在全面路线踏查的基础上进行典型人工群落样地调查,结果表明:梧桐山人工群落主要有台湾相思群系、大叶相思群系、马占相思群系、木荷+油茶群系等;物种组成共有135种54科109属,并以双子叶植物为主,乔木、灌木性植物种类相对草本和藤本状植物较丰富;各群系物种多样性均表现为灌木层>乔木层,且乔、灌木层的物种多样性总体上以木荷油茶群系为最高,其次为台湾相思群系,而马占相思群系和大叶相思群系为较低。建议遵循地带性群落演替规律并结合景观生态学、森林生态美学等进行阶段性的人工补植主要乡土树种,起到改善小气候环境并促进生态功能强、观赏价值高和发展稳定的城市森林群落形成。

Microbial Community Characteristics in a Degraded Wetland of the Yellow River Delta

Five different sites with a soluble salt gradient of 3.0-17.7 g kg^-1 dry soil from the coast to the inland were selected, and the microbial population size, activity and diversity in the rhizospheres of five common plant species and the adjacent bulk soils （non-rhizosphere） were compared in a degraded wetland of the Yellow River Delta, Shandong Province, China to study the effects of soil environment （salinity, seasonality, depth, and rhizosphere） on microbial communities and the wetland＇s ecological function, thus providing basic data for the bioremediation of degraded wetlands. There was a significant negative linear relationship between the salinity and the total number of microorganisms, overall microbial activity, or culturable microbial diversity. Salinity adversely affected the microbial community, and higher salinity levels resulted in smaller and less active microbial communities. Seasonal changes were observed in microbial activity but did not occur in the size and diversity. The microbial size, activity and diversity decreased with increasing soil depth. The size, activity and diversity of culturable microorganisms increased in the rhizospheres. All rhizospheres had positive effects on the microbial communities, and common seepweed had the highest rhizosphere effect. Three halophilic bacteria （Pseudomonas mendocina, Burkholderia glumae, and Acinetobacter johnsonii） were separated through BIOLOG identification, and common seepweed could be recommended for bioremediation of degraded wetlands in the Yellow River Delta.

Survey of Plant Community Characteristics in Bamenwan Mangrove of Wenchang City

According to natural conditions and vegetation distribution characteristics of Wenchang Bamenwan Mangrove Forest, sample plots were set up to investigate plant community characteristics in this area, and to explore the diversity characteristics of different subareas and calculate importance values of various tree species in the study area. According to the investigation, there are 48 plant species of 42 genera and 28 families in Bamenwan Mangrove Forest, including 29 tree species of 24 genera and 17 families. Among the tree species, those on the top 5 in the importance value list are Hibiscus tiliaceus, Bruguiera sexangula, Lumnitzera littorea, Rhizophora apiculata, Xylocarpus granatum. There are 3 shrub species of 3 genera and 3 families, including Atalantia buxifolia, Lantana camara and Streblus asper. And there are 16 herbal species of 16 genera and 11 families, including Acrostichum aureum, Vernonia cinerea, Acanthus ilicifolius, Alocasia macrorrhiza, Synedrel a nodiflora, Gynura japonica and etc.. Diversity of the mangrove in different areas varies greatly, Shannon-Wiener index and richness index of semi-mangrove forest are both higher than those of other 3 mangrove forests. Bamenwan Mangrove Forest is characterized by diversified species and complex structures, but the community diversity is unevenly distributed because of the interventions from many factors. More human efforts are suggested to enhance the mangrove protection, so as to enrich the community diversity.

CHARACTERISTICS OF ARTHROPOD COMMUNITY AND THEIR DIVERSITY RESTORATION IN LEAFY VEGETABLE FIELDS

The effect of chemical insecticides on the structure and diversity of arthropod communities in various vegetable fields and the restoration of their biodiversity after stopping application of chemical insecticides were studied. The results showed that the effect of chemical insecticides on the arthropods in vegetable fields could be characterized the species structure, the diversity index and the evenness of species distribution. Components of arthropod species depended closely on the species number of insect pests, predatory natural enemies and spiders. Investigations showed that the numbers of species in the vegetable fields managed with chemical insecticides were obviously reduced, and their diversity indices were lower comparing with that without chemical insecticides. When the applications of chemical insecticides were stopped in vegetable fields, the index of population trend ( I ) of dominant insect pests decreased greatly, the control effect of natural enemies on major insect pests increased, and the diversity index of arthropod increased at the same time. Thus, limiting the application of chemical insecticides, resuming the environment of vegetable fields destroyed by using chemical insecticides, escalating the control ability of natural enemies on main insect pests will play an important role in the ecological control of insect pests in vegetable fields.