The effect of chemical insecticides on the structure and diversity of arthropod communities in various vegetable fields and the restoration of their biodiversity after stopping application of chemical insecticides we...The effect of chemical insecticides on the structure and diversity of arthropod communities in various vegetable fields and the restoration of their biodiversity after stopping application of chemical insecticides were studied. The results showed that the effect of chemical insecticides on the arthropods in vegetable fields could be characterized the species structure, the diversity index and the evenness of species distribution. Components of arthropod species depended closely on the species number of insect pests, predatory natural enemies and spiders. Investigations showed that the numbers of species in the vegetable fields managed with chemical insecticides were obviously reduced, and their diversity indices were lower comparing with that without chemical insecticides. When the applications of chemical insecticides were stopped in vegetable fields, the index of population trend ( I ) of dominant insect pests decreased greatly, the control effect of natural enemies on major insect pests increased, and the diversity index of arthropod increased at the same time. Thus, limiting the application of chemical insecticides, resuming the environment of vegetable fields destroyed by using chemical insecticides, escalating the control ability of natural enemies on main insect pests will play an important role in the ecological control of insect pests in vegetable fields.展开更多
The sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense) and ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) rotation is an intensive and new cropping system in Central China.Nutrient management practices in this rotation system may influence soil fertil...The sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense) and ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) rotation is an intensive and new cropping system in Central China.Nutrient management practices in this rotation system may influence soil fertility,the important aspects of which are soil biological properties and quality.As sensitive soil biological properties and quality indicators,soil microbial community activity,microbial biomass,enzyme activities,soil organic matter (SOM) and total N resulting from different fertilization regimes in this rotation system were studied through a four-year field experiment from April 2005 to May 2009.Treatments included control (CK),fertilizer phosphorus and potassium (PK),fertilizer nitrogen and potassium (NK),fertilizer nitrogen and phosphorus (NP) and a fertilizer nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium combination (NPK).Soil microbial community activities in the NK,NP and NPK treatments were significantly lower than those in the CK and PK treatments after the sudangrass and ryegrass trial.The highest microbial biomass C,microbial biomass N,SOM,total N,sucrase and urease activities were found in the NPK treatment,and these soil quality indicators were significantly higher in the NK,NP and NPK treatments than in the PK and CK treatments.Soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities were positively associated with SOM in the sudangrass and ryegrass rotation system,indicating that fertilization regimes,especially N application,reduced microbial community activity in the soil.Proper fertilization regimes will increase microbial biomass,enzyme activity and SOM and improve soil fertility.展开更多
文摘The effect of chemical insecticides on the structure and diversity of arthropod communities in various vegetable fields and the restoration of their biodiversity after stopping application of chemical insecticides were studied. The results showed that the effect of chemical insecticides on the arthropods in vegetable fields could be characterized the species structure, the diversity index and the evenness of species distribution. Components of arthropod species depended closely on the species number of insect pests, predatory natural enemies and spiders. Investigations showed that the numbers of species in the vegetable fields managed with chemical insecticides were obviously reduced, and their diversity indices were lower comparing with that without chemical insecticides. When the applications of chemical insecticides were stopped in vegetable fields, the index of population trend ( I ) of dominant insect pests decreased greatly, the control effect of natural enemies on major insect pests increased, and the diversity index of arthropod increased at the same time. Thus, limiting the application of chemical insecticides, resuming the environment of vegetable fields destroyed by using chemical insecticides, escalating the control ability of natural enemies on main insect pests will play an important role in the ecological control of insect pests in vegetable fields.
基金supported by the International Plant Nutrition Institute (Grant No. Hubei-22)the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2008BADA4B08)the National Department Public Benefit Research Foundation (Grant No. 200803029)
文摘The sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense) and ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) rotation is an intensive and new cropping system in Central China.Nutrient management practices in this rotation system may influence soil fertility,the important aspects of which are soil biological properties and quality.As sensitive soil biological properties and quality indicators,soil microbial community activity,microbial biomass,enzyme activities,soil organic matter (SOM) and total N resulting from different fertilization regimes in this rotation system were studied through a four-year field experiment from April 2005 to May 2009.Treatments included control (CK),fertilizer phosphorus and potassium (PK),fertilizer nitrogen and potassium (NK),fertilizer nitrogen and phosphorus (NP) and a fertilizer nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium combination (NPK).Soil microbial community activities in the NK,NP and NPK treatments were significantly lower than those in the CK and PK treatments after the sudangrass and ryegrass trial.The highest microbial biomass C,microbial biomass N,SOM,total N,sucrase and urease activities were found in the NPK treatment,and these soil quality indicators were significantly higher in the NK,NP and NPK treatments than in the PK and CK treatments.Soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities were positively associated with SOM in the sudangrass and ryegrass rotation system,indicating that fertilization regimes,especially N application,reduced microbial community activity in the soil.Proper fertilization regimes will increase microbial biomass,enzyme activity and SOM and improve soil fertility.