论艺术生态系统的生态特征

艺术生态系统除了具有一般系统所具有的共同特征外,还具有时空概念性、群落生态性、生态演替性、自调控性、"人工性"等生态特征。研究艺术生态系统的生态特征,对于人类管理艺术生态系统、保持艺术生态系统的平衡、充分发挥艺术的生态功能具有一定的价值和意义。

Diversity of Sucking Lice on Small Mammals in the Surrounding Areas of Erhai Lake in Yunnan,China

An investigation of sucking lice on the body surface of small mammals was carried out in the surrounding areas of Erhai Lake in Dali, Yunnan from 2003 to 2004. From investigation sites, 3 303 small mammal hosts were captured and identified into 7 families, 15 genera and 21 species in 4 orders （Rodentia, Insectivora, Scandentia and Carnivora）, while t4 635 individuals of sucking lice collected from the body surface of the small mammal hosts are identified into 5 families, 6 genera and 21 species in the Order Anoplura, The sites stand alongside three cordilleras surrounding the Erhai Lake, namely Eastern Wuliang Mountain, Southern Ailao Mountain and Western Cangshan Mountain. The three confined oriented areas are different landscapes within the same zone where the longitude, latitude, altitude and fauna are homologous but isolated by Erhai Lake as inartificial barrier. The aim of this study was to recognize features of the species diversity, abundance, community structure, similarity and distribution of sucking lice in different landscapes within the same zone. The results showed the species diversity of sucking lice was very low with a very simple community structure. The distribution of sucking lice and their corresponding hosts are quite uneven among different oriented areas and this may imply that ecological environment influences the species composition and distribution of sucking lice and their corresponding hosts. A certain species of hosts usually have their fixed louse species. The similarity of sucking louse communities is highly consistent with the affinity of small mammal hosts in taxonomy. Species of sucking lice on the same small mammal host in different oriented areas of Erhai Lake are homologous. The results strongly suggest a close relationship of co-evolution between sucking lice and their hosts.

Advances in Research on the Structure and Diversity Variation of Insect Communities in Wetland

The species diversity, structure and dynamic rules of insect communities in wetland can provide data of the insects for the protection, utilization and monitor- ing of wetland, which is an essential link to maintain the healthy ecological system of the wetland and protect the biodiversity in the wetland. A systematic study on the composition and succession of insect communities in the wetland, as well as the indication of insect groups can provide a theoretical basis for wetland protection and management, and thus promote the development of regional economy and en- vironmental protection.

Bacterial diversity in surface water of the Yellow Sea during and after a green alga tide in 2008

From May to August 2008, a large "green tide", consisting of the alga Ulva (Enteromorpha) prolifera, occurred in the Yellow Sea, China, affecting the local marine ecosystem and human activities. We investigated the influence of the green tide on the microbial community in the surface seawater, at four sites from July to August 2008, using bacterial 16S rRNA gene clone libraries. We sequenced 228 clones of unique patterns identified by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) techniques. The results show that 228 sequenced clones fell into six bacterial phyla:Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Actinobacteria, and Planctomycetes. Alphaproteobacteria (33%), Gammaproteobacteria (25%), Bacteroidetes (23%) and Cyanobacteria (9%) dominated the assemblage. Comparison between samples collected in July (during the tide) and those collected in August (after the tide) showed that, in the microbial community, diversities of Alphaproteobacteria and Cyanobacteria increased after the tide, while those of Gammaproteobacteria and Bacteroidetes decreased. These results indicate that the green tide influenced the growth of some bacteria, and provide information for further studies on the interactions and relationships between U. prolifera and the bacterial community. This study suggests that microbial community analysis is a good approach to monitoring green tides.

Understory flora and community physiognomy of planted forests in the degraded purple soil ecosystem, South China

The flora and community physiognomy of degraded plantation ecosystems onpurple soil were investigated in Ninghua County of Fujian Province, China to understand therelationship between plant diversity and ecosystem processes.. Four different restorationcommunities (labeled as ecological restoration treatment Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ) were selected byspace-time replacement method according to the erosion intensity in degraded purple soil ecosystem.The results showed that there were totally 86 plant species belonging to 78 genera and 43 familiesin the degraded purple soil ecosystem. Of the 15 types of distribution area in spermatophyte genus,12 types were found in the purple soil ecosystem. Along restoration gradient from low to high, plantgrowth type and life form spectra became abundant more and more, and the spermatophyte genera foreach distribution area type and genera numbers for different foliage characters increased as well.It is concluded that the plant flora and physiognomy in ecological restoration process become morecomplex and diverse, indicating that the forest ecosystem on purple soil tends to be more stable.

Survey of Plant Community Characteristics in Bamenwan Mangrove of Wenchang City

According to natural conditions and vegetation distribution characteristics of Wenchang Bamenwan Mangrove Forest, sample plots were set up to investigate plant community characteristics in this area, and to explore the diversity characteristics of different subareas and calculate importance values of various tree species in the study area. According to the investigation, there are 48 plant species of 42 genera and 28 families in Bamenwan Mangrove Forest, including 29 tree species of 24 genera and 17 families. Among the tree species, those on the top 5 in the importance value list are Hibiscus tiliaceus, Bruguiera sexangula, Lumnitzera littorea, Rhizophora apiculata, Xylocarpus granatum. There are 3 shrub species of 3 genera and 3 families, including Atalantia buxifolia, Lantana camara and Streblus asper. And there are 16 herbal species of 16 genera and 11 families, including Acrostichum aureum, Vernonia cinerea, Acanthus ilicifolius, Alocasia macrorrhiza, Synedrel a nodiflora, Gynura japonica and etc.. Diversity of the mangrove in different areas varies greatly, Shannon-Wiener index and richness index of semi-mangrove forest are both higher than those of other 3 mangrove forests. Bamenwan Mangrove Forest is characterized by diversified species and complex structures, but the community diversity is unevenly distributed because of the interventions from many factors. More human efforts are suggested to enhance the mangrove protection, so as to enrich the community diversity.