英语集体群名词与汉语不定量集体量词的对比——以“群”为例

英语的集体群名词与汉语的不定量集体量词存在一定的相似性。就语义而言,二者都具有"群体"义;但二者区别更多,英语的集体群名词要远比汉语的不定量集体量词复杂。其复杂性可归纳为三个方面:1.就语义而言,英语众多的集体群名词可修饰名词的范围大小不一,有些搭配范围广,有些搭配范围窄。除了表示"群体"之外,还兼有指示群体数量、动作、处所和褒贬等的区别;群体数量有大小之别,群体动作有动静之变,群体方所有陆地与海洋等的区别,群体色彩有褒贬差异。2.就语法而言,英语的集体群名词有单数与复数的不同。3.就语体而言,英语的集体群名词也有标准说法与非标准说法的差异。

产品设计符号学系统化构建中的思考(4)——控制设计师编写与使用者解读的产品设计系统

结构主义产品设计活动的“主体性”意味着产品文本意义的有效传递。设计师在设计活动之初构建以使用群文化规约为基础、以产品文本传递过程为框架的“产品设计系统”,以此达到设计师编写文本与使用者解读文本在文化规约上的一致性。产品设计系统由使用群集体无意识为基础的三类(四种)元语言构建而成。系统内的各类元语言对设计师文本编写与使用者文本解读起到共同控制的作用。设计师是设计活动的主导者,其能力元语言与系统内各类元语言的不同协调统一方式,形成不同的产品文本编写与表意类型。

产业集群根植性对集群品牌价值影响的研究——基于我国73个茶叶集群的面板数据分析

为推动我国产业集群品牌化转型进程,不断提高集群品牌价值,本文讨论了产业集群根植性对集群品牌价值的内在影响机制,并利用我国73个茶叶集群组成的面板数据进行了验证,结果发现:(1)产业集群政治根植性、认知根植性和文化根植性的增强会显著提高集群品牌价值。(2)政治根植性和文化根植性通过影响集群内企业内生性集体行动对集群品牌价值产生影响。(3)集群规模会负向影响关系根植性、认知根植性和文化根植性与集群内企业内生性集体行动之间的关系。本研究不仅建立起产业集群根植性与集群品牌价值之间的联系,也是对集群品牌价值相关实证研究的有力补充,为政府部门如何围绕集群品牌价值提升展开工作提供了合理化建议。

构造和古地理控制下的碳酸盐岩储集体旋回和集群性探讨:以四川盆地为例

四川盆地海相碳酸盐岩油气勘探突破不断,多个大气田群已初具雏形,并呈现出储集体集群分布的特点,而储集体集群结构及时空分布尚待探讨.在前人研究基础上,结合对四川盆地海相碳酸盐岩沉积储层等综合研究,系统探讨了四川盆地构造古地理演化控制下的碳酸盐岩旋回及集群类型、结构以及主控因素.以稳定碎屑岩层系和大型不整合面等为界,划分出8个垂向碳酸盐岩旋回,各旋回储集体构成具有差异性.总体而言,震旦系-下奥陶统、中二叠统-中三叠统的多个包含白云岩的储集体旋回更为有利;结合构造、古地理及储集体的时空配置,划分出板块边缘稳定的台缘礁滩储集体集群、持续迁移型古隆起及周缘岩溶和颗粒滩白云岩储集体集群、板块内部潮坪背景下的藻云岩和台内滩储集体集群、板块内部断裂相关的台缘和台洼礁滩相白云岩储集体集群、缓坡型灰岩致密型及岩溶型储层储集体集群等类型.稳定白云岩的存在对储集体集群起到了重要的控制作用,早期油气充注对白云岩储层保存影响明显;不同储集体集群受到了构造、海平面变化及岩相古地理的联合影响,表生岩溶、TSR、热流体活动成为特定地区储集体形成的影响因素.

以弹性应万变

记者在最近的采访中不断与被采访人讨论说——电子商务时代带来了一个“解决方案”的时代,因此当IBM在北京与4家分销商、15家ISV(独立软件开发商)共同推出“蓝色闪电”互联网解决方案时,记者并没有象到场的许多企业级用户那样被吊起胃口。不过,还是有一样东西吸引了记者的注意力——IBM提出的“弹性服务器”技术。 应该说“弹性服务器”技术实际上是一种技术架构,它的基本思路是对面向业务的多种分散应用平台实施集中。

Propagation of Light in an Ensemble of Tripod Level Atoms

We study the propagation of a quantum probe light in an ensemble of tripod level atoms when the atoms are coupled to two other classical control fields. First we calculate the dispersion properties, such as susceptibility and group velocity, of the probe light within such an atomic medium under the case of three-photon resonance via the dynamical algebra method of collective atomic excitations. Then we calculate the dispersion of the probe light in the case that two classical control fieMs have the different detunings to the relative atomic transitions. Our results show that in both cases the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency can occur. Especially under the second case, we can find two transparency windows for the probe light.

Influence of austenitizing temperature on apparent morphologies of as-quenched microstructures of steels

The effects of austenitizing temperature on the morphologies and substructures of as-quenched microstructure were investigated by using 13 medium and high carbon steels. The formation reasons of various morphologies of martensite quenched at different austenitizing temperatures were also studied. The results show that the packet martensite in medium and high carbon steels quenched at higher austenitizing temperature is entirely different from that in as-quenched low carbon steels, which is still plate martensite, and not lath martensite. All the change laws of as-quenched microstructures in medium and high carbon steels are identical with an increase in austenitizing temperature, and the austenitizing temperature can merely change the combined morphology of martensitic platelets, but cannot alter the type of product of martensitic transformation in commercial steels.

Physics of Cold Fusion by TSC Theory

This paper reviews the author＇s recent works on the basic physics of cold fusion by the TSC （tetrahedral symmetric condensate） theory. Models of TSC formation conditions in condensed matter are first proposed. Secondly formulas for cold fusion rates per D（H）-cluster are explained with typical quantitative results. The 4D/TSC fusion and the 4H/TSC WS fusion are underlying mechanisms, respectively for the D （deuterium）-system and the H （protium）-system.

Analysis of Do D inkjet printhead performance for printable electronics fabrication using dynamic lumped element modeling and swarm intelligence based optimal prediction

The major challenge in printable electronics fabrication is to effectively and accurately control a drop-on-demand(Do D) inkjet printhead for high printing quality. In this work, an optimal prediction model, constructed with the lumped element modeling(LEM) and the artificial bee colony(ABC) algorithm, was proposed to efficiently predict the combination of waveform parameters for obtaining the desired droplet properties. For acquiring higher simulation accuracy, a modified dynamic lumped element model(DLEM) was proposed with time-varying equivalent circuits, which can characterize the nonlinear behaviors of piezoelectric printhead. The proposed method was then applied to investigate the influences of various waveform parameters on droplet volume and velocity of nano-silver ink, and to predict the printing quality using nano-silver ink. Experimental results show that, compared with two-dimension manual search, the proposed optimal prediction model perform efficiently and accurately in searching the appropriate combination of waveform parameters for printable electronics fabrication.

Continuous Clustering Trajectory Stream of Moving Objects

The clustering of trajectories over huge volumes of streaming data has been rec- ognized as critical for many modem applica- tions. In this work, we propose a continuous clustering of trajectories of moving objects over high speed data streams, which updates online trajectory clusters on basis of incremental line- segment clustering. The proposed clustering algorithm obtains trajectory clusters efficiently and stores all closed trajectory clusters in a bi- tree index with efficient search capability. Next, we present two query processing methods by utilising three proposed pruning strategies to fast handle two continuous spatio-temporal queries, threshold-based trajectory clustering queries and threshold-based trajectory outlier detections. Finally, the comprehensive experi- mental studies demonstrate that our algorithm achieves excellent effectiveness and high effi- ciency for continuous clustering on both syn- thetic and real streaming data, and the propo- sed query processing methods utilise average 90% less time than the naive query methods.

Analysis of Acoustic Emission Signals Accompanying Growth of Single Aluminum Crystals： Experimental Results and Theoretical Model of the Cluster

The purpose of the work is to identify the acoustic emission （AE） signal in the melt and from the interphase during the crystal growth and to establish the connection between issue parameters： the number of signal events of frequency and the signal power with the growth conditions of temperature gradient and crystallization rate. Experiments on single crystal growth were carried out using hardware and software system which allows to perform spectral Fourier analysis of AE signals and to simultaneously remove the cooling curve for the entire period of crystallization. On the basis of spectral analysis of AE signals, a theoretical model of clusters in the aluminum melt was designed. The experimental results indicate an uneven abrupt advancement of the interface according to the configuration of each individual cluster.

The Relationship between Local Government and the Development of Industrial Clusters

Apart from spontaneous market force, the development of industrial clusters is indispensable from government role in that their development entails the guidance and support from local governments. During the development process, local governments play an extremely important role. On the basis of former research results, the author raises that while developing industrial clusters, local governments should play their important role by formulating a scientific and complete policy supporting system.

Cluster Growth Through Monomer Adsorption Processes

We propose a monomer adsorption model, in which only the monomers are allowed to diffuse and adsorb onto other clusters. By means of the generalized rate equation we investigate the kinetic behavior of the system with a special rate kernel. For the system without monomer input, the concentration aj（t） of the Aj clusters （j 〉 1） asymptotically retains a nonzero quantity, while for the system with monomer input, it decays with time and vanishes finally. We also investigate the kinetics of an interesting model with fixed-rate monomer adsorption. For the ease without monomer source, the evolution of the system will halt at a finite time; while the system evolves infinitely in time in the case with monomer source. Finally, we also suggest a connection between the fixed-rate monomer adsorption systems and growing networks.

Research on Formation Mechanism of Innovation-based Cluster Development

Industrial cluster has become an important part of regional economy,which status of global industry value chain is critical in the future, Innovation-based Cluster is the industrial cluster theory research at home and abroad made to deepen the difference between the lower part of the Industrial cluster. Promoting innovative industrial cluster formation not only is one of the important means and carrier to cultivate strategic emerging industries, but also an important booster construction of national innovation system. According to the connotation,evolution process and characteristics of the Innovation-based Cluster, This paper from the perspective of three to analysis Innovation-based Clusters＇ innovative influence factors to find reasonable explanation to the creative industry cluster formation and more in-depth research.

Soft-Control for Collective Opinion of Weighted DeGroot Model

The DeGroot model is a classic model to study consensus of opinion in a group of individuals(agents). Consensus can be achieved under some circumstances. But when the group reach consensus with a convergent opinion value which is not what we expect, how can we intervene the system and change the convergent value? In this paper a mechanism named soft control is first introduced in opinion dynamics to guide the group's opinion when the population are given and evolution rules are not allowed to change. According to the idea of soft control, one or several special agents,called shills, are added and connected to one or several normal agents in the original group. Shills act and are treated as normal agents. The authors prove that the change of convergent opinion value is decided by the initial opinion and influential value of the shill, as well as how the shill connects to normal agents. An interesting and counterintuitive phenomenon is discovered: Adding a shill with an initial opinion value which is smaller(or larger) than the original convergent opinion value dose not necessarily decrease(or increase) the convergent opinion value under some conditions. These conditions are given through mathematical analysis and they are verified by the numerical tests. The authors also find out that the convergence speed of the system varies when a shill is connected to different normal agents. Our simulations show that it is positively related to the degree of the connected normal agent in scale-free networks.

From cluster assembly to ultrathin nanocrystals and complex nanostructures

Ultrathin nanostructures have attracted much attention in recent years due to their predictable novel properties and various potential applications. The improvement in synthetic skills has led to many successful syntheses of nanostructures including zerodimensional (0D) nanoclusters, one-dimensional (1D) nanowires, two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets and other higher-level complex nanostructures, where cluster-assembly of primary nanocrystals is a common process. In this review, progress in ultrathin nanocrystals in the last decade and several important factors in the growth mechanisms are covered. By giving examples of cluster assembly from 1D to 3D nanostructures, the utility of cluster assembly in the synthesis of new materials has been demonstrated.

Analysis of solid particle clusters in coherent structures of turbulent channel flow

A particle-laden turbulent channel flow is investigated to study particle clusters in large-scale turbulent coherent structures. The fluid phase is calculated by large eddy simulation and particles are tracked using Lagrangian trajectory method. The flow Reynolds number is 180 based on the friction velocity and half-width of the channel. The particle is lycopodium with St=0.93 which may well follow the fluid phase. The mean and fluctuating velocities of both two phases are obtained, which are in good agreement with previous data. The strongest accumulations of particles in low-speed streak structures are observed at y~=l 1.3. Moreover, once particles are captured in low-speed streaks, most of them will reside there for a long period. Particles clustered in low-speed streaks obtain smaller instantaneous wall-normal and spanwise velocities than those out of there, which induce a larger particle flux into low-speed streaks than that out of there. The study is important for understanding particle dispersion mechanisms in gas-particle turbulent channel flows.

Calixarene-supported hexadysprosium cluster showing single molecule magnet behavior

The syntheses, crystal structures, magnetic and luminescent properties of three isornorphous compounds [LnIII6（,u4-O）2（C4A）2- （NO3）2（HCOO）2（CH30）2（DMF）4（CH3OH）4] （Ln = Gd （1）, Tb （2） and Dy （3）; H4C4A = p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene） are reported. These three compounds are featured with the sandwich-like units constructed by two tail-to-tail calixarene molecules and an in-between Lnm6 octahedron. The DyTM compound exhibits both single molecule magnet behavior and photoluminescence.

Polydentate-ligand-supported self-assembly of heterometallic T-shaped Co_4 Dy cluster showing slow magnetic relaxation

A novel mixed-valent heterometallic pentanuclear CoⅢ3 CoⅡ Dy Ⅲ cluster has been rationally assembled taking advantage of a bifunctional ligand with o-vanillin and tripodal tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane units. This unique heterometallic cluster represents a rare example of T-shaped molecules exhibiting slow magnetic relaxation.

Study of Cold Fusion Reactions Using Collective Clusterization Approach

Within the framework of the dynamical cluster decay model （DCM）, the in evaporation cross-sections （σ1n） of cold fusion reactions （Pb and Bi targets） are calculated for ZCN = 104-113 superheavy nuclei. The calculations are carried out in the fixed range of excitation energy ECN = 15 ± 1 MeV, so that the comparative analysis of reaction dynamics can be worked out. First of all, the fission barriers （Bf ） and neutron separation energies （S1n） are estimated to account the decreasing cross-sections of cold fusion reactions. In addition to this, the importance of hot optimum orientations of β24-deformed nuclei over cold one is explored at fixed angular momentum and neck-length parameters. The hot optimum orientations support all the target-projectile （t,p） combinations, which are explored experimentally in the cold fusion reactions. Some new target-projectile combinations are also predicted for future exploration. Further, the In cross-sections are addressed for ZCN = 104-113 superheavy nuclei at comparable excitation energies which show the decent agrement with experimental data upto ZCN = 109 nuclei. Finally, to understand the dynamics of higher-Z superheavy nuclei, the cross-sections are also calculated at maximum available energies around the Coulomb barrier and the effect of non-sticking moment of inertia （INS） is also investigated at these energies.