目的观察组蛋白去乙酰化酶(HDAC)抑制剂曲古抑菌素A(TSA)对鸡胚翅芽发育中某些基因表达水平的作用,探讨不同浓度TSA(75μmol/L、750μmol/L、1.5mmol/L)对鸡胚翅芽发育的影响,提高我们对染色质结构重组和表观遗传对基因表达的调控作用,...目的观察组蛋白去乙酰化酶(HDAC)抑制剂曲古抑菌素A(TSA)对鸡胚翅芽发育中某些基因表达水平的作用,探讨不同浓度TSA(75μmol/L、750μmol/L、1.5mmol/L)对鸡胚翅芽发育的影响,提高我们对染色质结构重组和表观遗传对基因表达的调控作用,以及对正在开发的抗癌药物的认识。方法以鸡胚翅芽作为实验模型,用TSA处理翅芽,对鸡胚胎实施原位杂交,检测与肌肉发育相关基因的表达,并采用硫酸耐尔蓝(Nile blue sulfate)法检测细胞凋亡状况。结果75μmol/L TSA能够抑制与肌肉发生相关的基因MyoD和Myf5在鸡胚翅芽的表达,经TSA(75μmol/L)处理的胚胎没有发生明显的细胞凋亡。但是随着TSA药物浓度的提高,TSA(≥750μmol/L)不仅强烈抑制相关基因的表达,而且出现翅芽外部畸形(外形改变、体积缩小)以及细胞凋亡。结论75μmol/LTSA调控某些重要的转录因子及有力地控制肌肉细胞的分化;高浓度TSA(≥750μmol/L)导致细胞凋亡和胚胎翅芽畸形;发育的鸡胚能够作为一个便利的、供体内研究药物(如HDAC抑制剂类等)的模型。展开更多
Phylogenetic relationships among 146 species of Coleoptera （Families： Curculionidae, Staphylinidae and Carabidae） were estimated based upon mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase 1 gene sequences. The monophyletic of the...Phylogenetic relationships among 146 species of Coleoptera （Families： Curculionidae, Staphylinidae and Carabidae） were estimated based upon mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase 1 gene sequences. The monophyletic of the polyphaga and Adephaga was not supported in our study using COlgene sequences, as family Carabidae （Adephaga） was grouped with family Staphylidae （Polyphaga） with Staphylinidae paraphyletic. The subfamily Scolytinae is the most common ancestor for the subfamilies： Ceutorhynchinae, Curculioninae and Dryophtborinae and hence the oldest. The subfamily Cryptorhynchinae is the oldest among the five tested Curculionidae families. At the family level, the genetic distances and phylogenetic analysis obtained in this study showed that the family Carabidae was more related to family Staphylinidae than to family Curculionidae with the topology Staphylinida-Carabidae-Curculionidae. The topology was the same when Micromus igorotus from order Neuroptera was used as an outgroup taxon as it was Staphylinida, Carabidae, Curculionidae/Neuroptera. An alternative topology was obtained when Acytolepis puspa from order Lepidoptera was used as an outgroup that was Carabidae, Staphylinida, Curculionidae-Neuroptera/Lepidoptera. where the species of order Neuroptera placed within family Curculionida. According to the estimated genetic distances and to the standard mitochondrial DNA clock estimated at 2.3% MYA, family Curculionidae separated from family Staphylinidae and Carabidae approximately 112 and 115 MYA, respectively.展开更多
This research presents new information on the biology ofKermes quercus （L.）. Observations were carried out in 2009 in the city of Warsaw and surroundings （Poland）. Material was collected on Quet;cus robur L. betwe...This research presents new information on the biology ofKermes quercus （L.）. Observations were carried out in 2009 in the city of Warsaw and surroundings （Poland）. Material was collected on Quet;cus robur L. between the end of January until the beginning of November. The sampling each month was divided into three ten-day periods： I - from the 1st till 10th day of the month, II - from ! lth till 20th day of the month, and Ill - from 21st till 30th day of the month. The material was sampled at least once in each period. All live specimens of K. quercus were picked off and the developmental stages were identified. The observations revealed that, almost exclusively lst-instar nymphs occurred during the winter and they remained in this stage throughout the spring and summer until the last third of August. The process of moulting from 1st instar to 2nd instars started in the last third of August and lasted about 2 weeks. In autumn the 2nd-instars nymphs entered the winter diapause. The results suggest that, under the climatic conditions of Poland, Kermes quercus L. is not a univoltine species. Each generation probably develops through two years - in the first year overwintering as the lst-instar nymphs and in the second year as the 2nd-instar nymphs.展开更多
The fruit flies of the Bactrocera （Diptera： Tephritidae） are one of the major economically important insects in Asia. So far, there are at least seven species found in Chongqing, China. By using mitochondrial 16s r...The fruit flies of the Bactrocera （Diptera： Tephritidae） are one of the major economically important insects in Asia. So far, there are at least seven species found in Chongqing, China. By using mitochondrial 16s rDNA sequences, the phylogenetic relationships among seven Bactrocera species, Bactrocera cucurbitae （Coquillett）, B. tau （Walker）, B. diaphora （Hendel）, B. caudata （Fabricius）, B. scutellata （Hendel）, B. dorsalis （Hendel）, and B. minax （Enderlein） were investigated. Nucleotide diversity within species ranged from 0.3% to 10.9%. According to the result, B. cucurbitae （Coquillett）, B. tau （Walker）, B. diaphora （Hendel）, and B. caudata （Fabricius） have no enough sites to be distinguished among the other species in the 347bp nucleotide sequences of the 16s rDNA gene. At the same time, excluding B. scutellata （Hendel） and B. minax （Enderlein）, the other species recognition sites are not only too little but also discontinuous. Phylogenetic trees calculated from both maximum parsimony and neighbor-joining phylogenetic analysis methods showed that B. cucurbitae and B. tau were closely related, B. diaphora （Hendel） and B. caudata （Fabricius） also had a close relationship. B. minax （Enderlein） has a furthest relationship from the other 6 species. From the results, we can infer that the our data supports previous classification of Bactrocera based on morphological characters in other words, but the Bactrocera subgenera, Zeugodacus is polyphyletic.展开更多
Partial DNA sequences of three genes, that is, mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit (16S), nuclear large ribosomal subunit (28S D2) and mitochondrial NADH1 dehydrogenase (NADH1) gene, were sequenced from different mi...Partial DNA sequences of three genes, that is, mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit (16S), nuclear large ribosomal subunit (28S D2) and mitochondrial NADH1 dehydrogenase (NADH1) gene, were sequenced from different microgas trine species(Braconidae: Microgastrinae) collected fresh from paddy fields. The DNA sequences were used to determine the extent of sequence variation among species in order to evaluate the specific status of each species. Cladistic analysis was also used to infer a phylogenetic relationship among these species. The results showed that sequence divergence among species of the same genus Cotesia was much lower than those among different genera, such as Cotesia, Exoryza and Apanteles; the sequence similarity of 16S rDNA and NADH 1 genes between Cotesia sp. and C. chilonis was higher than that between C. sp. and C. ruficrus.Phylogenetic analyses suggested that four species of Cotesia were always grouped in the same clade regardless of using different analysis methods; Cotesia sp. and C. chilonis are more closely related to each other than to C. ruficrus, different from previous morphological results. Additionally, sequence analyses indicated that NADH1 gene has more parsimony informative characters than 28S rDNA D2 and 16S rDNA at the species-level analysis,indicating that NADH1 gene might be a useful marker for species-level analysis.展开更多
文摘目的观察组蛋白去乙酰化酶(HDAC)抑制剂曲古抑菌素A(TSA)对鸡胚翅芽发育中某些基因表达水平的作用,探讨不同浓度TSA(75μmol/L、750μmol/L、1.5mmol/L)对鸡胚翅芽发育的影响,提高我们对染色质结构重组和表观遗传对基因表达的调控作用,以及对正在开发的抗癌药物的认识。方法以鸡胚翅芽作为实验模型,用TSA处理翅芽,对鸡胚胎实施原位杂交,检测与肌肉发育相关基因的表达,并采用硫酸耐尔蓝(Nile blue sulfate)法检测细胞凋亡状况。结果75μmol/L TSA能够抑制与肌肉发生相关的基因MyoD和Myf5在鸡胚翅芽的表达,经TSA(75μmol/L)处理的胚胎没有发生明显的细胞凋亡。但是随着TSA药物浓度的提高,TSA(≥750μmol/L)不仅强烈抑制相关基因的表达,而且出现翅芽外部畸形(外形改变、体积缩小)以及细胞凋亡。结论75μmol/LTSA调控某些重要的转录因子及有力地控制肌肉细胞的分化;高浓度TSA(≥750μmol/L)导致细胞凋亡和胚胎翅芽畸形;发育的鸡胚能够作为一个便利的、供体内研究药物(如HDAC抑制剂类等)的模型。
文摘Phylogenetic relationships among 146 species of Coleoptera （Families： Curculionidae, Staphylinidae and Carabidae） were estimated based upon mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase 1 gene sequences. The monophyletic of the polyphaga and Adephaga was not supported in our study using COlgene sequences, as family Carabidae （Adephaga） was grouped with family Staphylidae （Polyphaga） with Staphylinidae paraphyletic. The subfamily Scolytinae is the most common ancestor for the subfamilies： Ceutorhynchinae, Curculioninae and Dryophtborinae and hence the oldest. The subfamily Cryptorhynchinae is the oldest among the five tested Curculionidae families. At the family level, the genetic distances and phylogenetic analysis obtained in this study showed that the family Carabidae was more related to family Staphylinidae than to family Curculionidae with the topology Staphylinida-Carabidae-Curculionidae. The topology was the same when Micromus igorotus from order Neuroptera was used as an outgroup taxon as it was Staphylinida, Carabidae, Curculionidae/Neuroptera. An alternative topology was obtained when Acytolepis puspa from order Lepidoptera was used as an outgroup that was Carabidae, Staphylinida, Curculionidae-Neuroptera/Lepidoptera. where the species of order Neuroptera placed within family Curculionida. According to the estimated genetic distances and to the standard mitochondrial DNA clock estimated at 2.3% MYA, family Curculionidae separated from family Staphylinidae and Carabidae approximately 112 and 115 MYA, respectively.
文摘This research presents new information on the biology ofKermes quercus （L.）. Observations were carried out in 2009 in the city of Warsaw and surroundings （Poland）. Material was collected on Quet;cus robur L. between the end of January until the beginning of November. The sampling each month was divided into three ten-day periods： I - from the 1st till 10th day of the month, II - from ! lth till 20th day of the month, and Ill - from 21st till 30th day of the month. The material was sampled at least once in each period. All live specimens of K. quercus were picked off and the developmental stages were identified. The observations revealed that, almost exclusively lst-instar nymphs occurred during the winter and they remained in this stage throughout the spring and summer until the last third of August. The process of moulting from 1st instar to 2nd instars started in the last third of August and lasted about 2 weeks. In autumn the 2nd-instars nymphs entered the winter diapause. The results suggest that, under the climatic conditions of Poland, Kermes quercus L. is not a univoltine species. Each generation probably develops through two years - in the first year overwintering as the lst-instar nymphs and in the second year as the 2nd-instar nymphs.
文摘The fruit flies of the Bactrocera （Diptera： Tephritidae） are one of the major economically important insects in Asia. So far, there are at least seven species found in Chongqing, China. By using mitochondrial 16s rDNA sequences, the phylogenetic relationships among seven Bactrocera species, Bactrocera cucurbitae （Coquillett）, B. tau （Walker）, B. diaphora （Hendel）, B. caudata （Fabricius）, B. scutellata （Hendel）, B. dorsalis （Hendel）, and B. minax （Enderlein） were investigated. Nucleotide diversity within species ranged from 0.3% to 10.9%. According to the result, B. cucurbitae （Coquillett）, B. tau （Walker）, B. diaphora （Hendel）, and B. caudata （Fabricius） have no enough sites to be distinguished among the other species in the 347bp nucleotide sequences of the 16s rDNA gene. At the same time, excluding B. scutellata （Hendel） and B. minax （Enderlein）, the other species recognition sites are not only too little but also discontinuous. Phylogenetic trees calculated from both maximum parsimony and neighbor-joining phylogenetic analysis methods showed that B. cucurbitae and B. tau were closely related, B. diaphora （Hendel） and B. caudata （Fabricius） also had a close relationship. B. minax （Enderlein） has a furthest relationship from the other 6 species. From the results, we can infer that the our data supports previous classification of Bactrocera based on morphological characters in other words, but the Bactrocera subgenera, Zeugodacus is polyphyletic.
文摘Partial DNA sequences of three genes, that is, mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit (16S), nuclear large ribosomal subunit (28S D2) and mitochondrial NADH1 dehydrogenase (NADH1) gene, were sequenced from different microgas trine species(Braconidae: Microgastrinae) collected fresh from paddy fields. The DNA sequences were used to determine the extent of sequence variation among species in order to evaluate the specific status of each species. Cladistic analysis was also used to infer a phylogenetic relationship among these species. The results showed that sequence divergence among species of the same genus Cotesia was much lower than those among different genera, such as Cotesia, Exoryza and Apanteles; the sequence similarity of 16S rDNA and NADH 1 genes between Cotesia sp. and C. chilonis was higher than that between C. sp. and C. ruficrus.Phylogenetic analyses suggested that four species of Cotesia were always grouped in the same clade regardless of using different analysis methods; Cotesia sp. and C. chilonis are more closely related to each other than to C. ruficrus, different from previous morphological results. Additionally, sequence analyses indicated that NADH1 gene has more parsimony informative characters than 28S rDNA D2 and 16S rDNA at the species-level analysis,indicating that NADH1 gene might be a useful marker for species-level analysis.
