老关卖骡的叹息与喜悦

前言既然有人问起老关,那我就讲讲吧。老关的学名叫关胜利,但大家都只叫他老关。他是一个特立独行的人。他虽然一直都生活在花村,却与花村人不同。在那个交通基本靠走的年代,生活在深山老林中的村民要外出办事,都只能靠走路前去。但老关不同,无论到哪里,他都是骑着骡子前去的,他把自己一生的大部分时光都交给了骡背,直到一条车路打通了与外界的联系,他才离开了骡背。

黎明的太阳从良知的地平线升起——话剧《又一个黎明》扮演何亮感析

话剧《又一个黎明》讲的是一个人如何面对幼时的一件过失的故事。可以说是一部情节单纯,场景单一的作品。舞台上,一间病房两张床,不期而遇的两个人,在不经意之中追述到十八年前一件偶然的、让人哭笑不得的小孩玩水喊救命,大人当了真跳下水而导致终身残废的偶然事件。又因当年的小孩现今已成为全市人民学习的见义勇为的英雄,在病房里发生了一连串偶然性事件,让所有人都经历了一场心灵的震荡与灵魂的颤栗。在心灵的博斗中,剧中人物与观众面对突发事件进行着同步的感受、同步的判断、同步的选择,在全剧结束时获得同步的精神升华。这是典型的"三一律"式的传统戏剧结构。但这部作品单纯的情节和单一的场景所表达的主题立意却是多倾向的、多层面的和多含义的。在命运观。

Identification of Senescence-associated Protein DpXTH1 and its Gene Cloning in Dahlia Petals

[Objective] This study aimed to explore the molecular mechanism of senescence in ethylene-insensitive flowers. [Method] The dahlia petals were used as matedal, and the senescence-associated proteins were isolated and identified using two-dimensional electrophoresis, mass spectrometry and an encoding gene was cloned using molecular biology techniques. [Result] In the two-dimensional elec- trophorogram of proteins from dahlia petals at building color, full flowering and flow- er senescence pedods, a total of 44 protein spots with differences in expression level more than two times were detected. From the 44 protein spots, xyloglucan （XTHs）, a senescence-associated protein, was iso- lated and identified and its expression level was increased continuously with the senescence process of dahlia petals. By using the total RNA of dahlia petals as matedal and a pair of degenerate pdmers, the cDNA sequence of XTH gene was cloned by RT-PCR. The encoding region of XTH gene has a full length of 882 bp, encoding 293 amino acid residues, and is named as DpXTH1 （Accession number： HM053613.1）. The cluster analysis showed that the amino acid sequence of DpXTH1 has high homology with those of XTHs in other plants. [Conclusion] The isolated and identified DpXTH1 from dahlia petals belonged to the XTH family in plants, and its biological function was associated with the senescence process and regulation of dahlia petals.

Expression of c-fos in gastric myenteric plexus and spinal cord of rats with cervical spondylosis

AIM: To determine the expression of c-fos in gastric myenteric plexus and spinal cord of rats with cervical spondylosis and its clinical significance. METHODS: A cervical spondylosis model was established in rats by destroying the stability of cervical posterior column,and the cord segments C4-6 and gastric antrum were collected 3, 4 and 5 mo after the operation. Rats with sham operation were used as controls. c-fos neuronal counter-staining was performed with an immunohistochemistry method. Every third sections from C4-6 segments were drawn. The 10 most labeled c-fos-immunoreactive (Fos-IR) neurons were counted, and the average number was used for statistical analysis. The mean of Fos-IR neurons in myenteric plexus was calculated after counting Fos-IR neurons in 25 ganglia from each antral preparation, and expressed as a mean count per myenteric ganglion.RESULTS: There were a few c-fos-positive neurons in the cervical cord and antrum in the control group. There was an increased c-fos expression in model group 3, 4 and 5 mo after operation, whereas there was no significant increase in c-fos expression in the control group at 3, 4 and 5 mo.More importantly, there was a significant difference in c-fos expression between rats followed up for 3 mo and those for 5 mo in the model group (11.20±2.26 vs 27.68±4.36,P＜0.05, for the cervical cord; and 11.3±2.3 vs 29.3±4.6,P＜0.05, for the gastric antrum). There was no significant difference between rats followed up for 3 mo and those for 4 mo and between rats followed up for 4 mo and those for 5 mo in the model group.CONCLUSION: c-fos expression in gastric myenteric plexus was dramatically associated with that in the spinal cord in rats with cervical spondylosis, suggesting that the gastrointestinal function may be affected by cervical spondylosis. If this hypothesis is confirmed by further studies, functional gastrointestinal diseases such as functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome could be explained by neurogastroenterology.

Impact of miRNAs on cardiovascular aging

Aging is a multidimensional process that leads to an increased risk of developing severe diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and immunological diseases. Recently, small non-coding RNAs known as microRNAs （miRNAs） have been shown to regulate gene expression, which contributes to many physiological and pathophysiological processes in humans. Increasing evidence suggests that changes in miRNA expression profiles contribute to cellular senescence, aging and aging-related diseases. However, only a few miRNAs whose functions have been elucidated have been associated with aging and/or aging-related diseases. This article reviews the currently available findings regarding the roles of aging-related miRNAs, with a focus on cardiac and cardiovascular aging.

Influencing factors analysis of spontaneous knee joint osteoarthritis among middle aged and old aged pople in Xi'an

Objective:To explore the prevalence rate of knee joint osteoarthritis and its pathogenetic fea- tures among the middle-aged and old aged people in the urban and rural area of Xi'an.Methods:From May to October 2005,1538 Han nationality above 40 years in Xi'an were investigated according to strati- fied and cluster random sampling.The same questionnaire was delivered to subjects who had been given normotopia and lateral position radiographic examination in both knees.Excluded from etiological arthri- tis,some subjects with clinical symptoms and a radiographic grade (beyond Kellgren & Lawrence gradeⅡ) were finally diagnosed as spontaneous knee joint osteoarthritis.All analyses were performed with SPSS 13.0 and t test,U test.Single factor analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to analyze dates.Results:The total prevalence of spontaneous knee joint osteoarthritis was 12.1% with 2.5% and 2.1% for right and left knees,respectively.The prevalence of knee joint osteoarthritis in wom- en was 2.5 times of that in men (17.2% vs 6.8%,P=0.000).the osteophyte prevalence in women was 2.3 times of that in men (26.5% vs 11.4%,P=0.000).The prevalence of knee joint osteoarthritis and osteophyte increased with the growth of age.So did the symptomatic knee,except for the age group of 56- 60 years and 66-70 years.The prevalence of symptomatic knee joint for urban area was significantly higher than that for rural area (56.3% vs 45.3%,P=0.003).In women,the prevalence of knee joint os- teoarthritis increased significantly with the increasing of body mass index,which had not been observed in men.Female and obesity are the risk factors for osteoarthritis,but bean and its products and meat could prevent the osteoarthritis.Conclusion:Old age,female and obesity serve as risk factors for knee joint os- teoarthritis.

Factors associated with balance function in patients with knee osteoarthritis:An integrative review

This integrative review is to identify the factors associated with balance function in patients with knee osteoarthritis and explore the relationship between these factors and balance function.Osteoarthritis commonly occurs in elderly people.Patients with knee osteoarthritis have balance impairment,and maintaining knee stability is important for such patients to prevent accidental injuries caused by falling.Therefore,it is important to clarify the factors related to balance function in patients with knee osteo-arthritis.The PubMed,Science Direct,CINAHL,Ovid,ProQuest,CNKI,WanFang databases were searched,and relevant articles published up to December 2015 were included.Twenty articles were included in the analysis.Age,gender,dominant limb,foot length,knee alignment,diurnal variation,and meniscus tears were the non-modifiable factors,whereas body mass index,knee pain,muscle strength,joint range of motion,severity,and cognitive loading were the modifiable factors.Knee sleeve and custom-molded insoles showed protective effects against knee osteoarthritis.

ARTHRALGIA TREATED BY ACUPUNCTURE WITHIN "CHIFU" AREA

Chifu refers to the skin covering the areafrom the wrist joint to the elbow joint, about 1chi (1/3 meter) in length in adults.Acupuncture with filiform needle at certainpoints within Chifu area exhibits quitesatisfactory therapeutic results for treatment ofsprain and contusion of the four extremities.The following are some examples.

Effect of ageing on colonic mucosal regeneration

The physiologic and pathologic cellular and molecular changes occurring with age in the human colon affect both the inflammatory process leading to mucosal injury and the regenerative capacity of the epithelium.On the one hand,age-related telomere shortening and inflamm-ageing may lead to the development of colonic inflammation,which results in epithelial damage.On the other hand,the altered migration and function of regenerative stem cells,the age-related methylation of mucosal healing-associated genes,together with the alterations of growth factor signaling with age,may be involved in delayed mucosal regeneration.The connections of these alterations to the process of ageing are not fully known.The understanding and customtailored modification of these mechanisms are of great clinical importance with regard to disease prevention and modern therapeutic strategies.Here,we aim to summarize the age-related microscopic and molecular changes of the human colon,as well as their role in altered mucosal healing.

Molecular mechanisms of cardiac aging

Age-associated changes in cardiovascular structure/ function are implicated in the markedly increased risk for cardiovascular disease in older persons. Aging not only prolongs exposure to several other cardiovascular risks, but also leads to intrinsic cardiac changes, which reduces cardiac functional reserve, predisposes the heart to stress and contributes to increased cardiovascular mortality in the elderly. Intrinsic cardiac aging in the murine model closely recapitulates age-related cardiac changes in humans, includ- ing left ventricular hypertrophy, fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction. Cardiac aging in mice is accompanied by accumulation of mitochondrial protein oxidation, increased mitochondrial DNA mutations, increased mitochondrial biogenesis, as well as decreased cardiac SERCA2 protein. All of these age-related changes are significantly attenu- ated in mice overexpressing catalase targeted to mitochondria （mCAT）. These findings demonstrate the critical role of rnitochondrial reactive oxygen species （ROS） in cardiac ag ing and support the potential antioxidants to cardiac aging lar diseases. application of mitochondrial and age-related cardiovascular diseases.

The Correlation between Density and Low-Temperature Creep Property of Asphalt

The density of asphalt was measured with the pycnometer and densitometer. Creep properties of the asphalt were investigated with the bending beam rheometer at temperatures ranging from 0 ~C to -36 ~C. The asphalt density data used to correlate with the creep properties were calculated from the regression equation of density and temperature. The asphalt sample used to determine the creep property was aged by the standard RTFOT test and the PAV test. The test results showed that the asphalt density had a linear relationship with temperature changes. The logarithm of the creep stiffness and the slope of the logarithm of the stiffness at 60 seconds all demonstrated a linear relationship with the density, and the regression coefficient of these data was around 0.99. The creep stiffness and the slope of the creep stiffness can be calculated from the asphalt density at the same temperature.

Word Search and Its Results in Oral Speech of Elderly People

The author studies the markers of searching for a word in spontaneous oral speech of Russian-speaking elderly women. The paper puts a question about age-related features of searching strategies of elderly people. While searching the informants, as a rule, recollect the only word （a noun, including their own name）, they do not choose the most suitable nominations from the available options. They often refuse to search and realize an alternative speech strategy.

Use of Cataract Surgery in Urban Beijing: a Post Screening Follow-up of the Elderly with Visual Impairment due to Age-related Cataract

Objective To understand the perception for the use of cataract surgical services in a population acceptors and non-acceptors of cataract surgery in urban Beijing. Methods From a community-based screening program a total of 158 patients with presenting visual acuity of less than 6/18 on either eye due to age-related cataract were informed about the possibility of surgical treatment. These patients were interviewed and re-examined 36 to 46 months after initial screening. The main reasons for not accepting surgery were obtained using a questionnaire. Vision function and vision-related quality of life scores were assessed in those who received and did not receive surgery. Results At the follow-up examination 116 of the 158 patients were available and 36 （31.0%） had undergone cataract surgery. Cases who chose surgery had higher education level than those who did not seek surgery （OR=2.64, 95% CI： 1.08-6.63, P=0.02）. There were no significant differences in vision function （P=0.11） or quality of life scores （P=0.16） between the surgery group and the non-surgery group. Main reasons for not having surgery included no perceived need （50.0%）, feeling of being ＂too old＂ （19.2%）, and worry about the quality of surgery （9.6%）. Cost was seeking surgery. cited by 1 （1.9%） subject as the main reason for not

MRI Evaluation of Lateral Geniculate Body in Normal Aging Brain Using Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping

Objective To investigate the changes of lateral geniculate body （LGB） in the normal aging brain using quantitative susceptibility mapping （QSM） technique. Methods Magnetic resonance （MR） phase and magnitude images were acquired from enhanced gradient echo T2 star weighted angiography sequence with 16 echoes on 3.0T MR system using the head coil with 32 channels. Morphology Enabled Dipole Inversion （MEDI） method was applied for QSM, and the susceptibility value of LGB was measured by region of interest （ROI） drawn manually on three orthogonal planes. Results LGB of the middle-aged group had a higher susceptibility value （0.16±0.05 ppm） than that of the youth group （0.12±0.05 pprn） and elderly group （0.13±0.03 ppm） （all P〈0.05）. Partial correlation analysis demonstrated that there was significantly positive correlation between susceptibility value and age in the youth group （r=0.71, P〈0.05）. Conclusion LGB could clearly be identified on QSM in the brain in vivo.

CLINICAL OBSERVATION ON THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF ACUPUNCTURE AT ZUSANLI FOR LEUKOPENIA

In recent years, leukopenia is clinically very common. The leukopenic patient is significantly low in immunocompetence and is likely to suffer from various kinds of infections. Zusanli (St 36), an

Use of antiarrhythmic drugs in elderly patients

Human aging is a global issue with important implications for current and future incidence and prevalence of health conditions and disability. Cardiac arrhythmias, including atrial fibrillation, sudden cardiac death, and bradycardia requiring pacemaker placement, all increase exponentially after the age of 60. It is important to distinguish between the normal, physiological consequences of aging on cardiac electrophysiology and the abnormal, pathological alterations. The age-related cardiac changes include ventricular hypertrophy, senile amyloidosis, cardiac valvular degenerative changes and annular calcification, fibrous infiltration of the conduction system, and loss of natural pacemaker cells and these changes could have a profound effect on the development of arrhythmias. The age-related cardiac electrophysiological changes include up- and down-regulation of specific ion channel expression and intmcellular Ca2＋ overload which promote the development of cardiac arrhythmias. As ion channels are the substrates of antiarrhythmic drugs, it follows that the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of these drugs will also change with age. Aging alters the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of antiarrhythmic drugs, so liver and kidney function must be monitored to avoid potential adverse drug effects, and antiarrhythmic dosing may need to be adjusted for age. Elderly patients are also more susceptible to the side effects of many antiarrhytbanics, including bradycardia, orthostatic hypotension, urinary retention, and falls. Moreover, the choice of antiarrhythmic drugs in the elderly patient is frequently complicated by the presence of co-morbid conditions and by polypharmacy, and the astute physician must pay careful attention to potential drug-drug interactions. Finally, it is important to remember that the use of antiarrhythmic drugs in elderly patients must be individualized and tailored to each patient＇s physiology, disease processes, and medication regimen.

Research on the third sector participation in the old service

Under the background of aging population, facing the silver wave of strikes, the whole society should prepare the attendant opportunities and chaUenges. The aging society is a big trend, and the phenomenon that can not be ignored will affect the life of each of us. Coincides with the party and the government advocates the policy background of the harmonious society, how to provide services effectively for the older age groups, not only related to the well-being of older age groups and will in the social relations of each individual has a personal positive externalities. So pay attention to the aging is a urgent measures, begin to solve problems caused by aging and meet with aging opportunities, only to rely on binary structure composed of government and business is slightly lack of power, we must to play a wide range of social forces involved. Social forces through the third deparunents in the form of organization, this paper focuses on the third sector to participate in the study of the old service.

Older Migrants： Finding Strategies for Sustaining Family Relationships

Issues specific to older migrants moving country are not yet fully understood as there are few studies on this age group. These migrants are most likely to be caught in attending to the needs of their children or their elderly parents, both requiring support. Over a period of two years, 35 older Polish migrants were interviewed and they told their stories of the migration experience. It was found that they had to make choices and were faced with quite difficult decisions on whether they were going to leave children or parents in Poland while they were forced into a position where they had to find work outside their own country due to age discrimination. Both men and women expressed feelings of guilt at leaving sick parents, and at not being able to afford to travel back to Poland more regularly to be with their families. Without effective cost or free digital technology, these families would not be able to sustain communication channels and relationships would break down. Consequently both the economic and emotional costs to these families and the communities in which they live could be very high.

CEMENTLESS TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY IN PATIENTS OLDER THAN 70 YEARS

Objective To present 3-15 years follow-up of patients older than 70 years who underwent cementless total hip arthroplasty. Methods One hundred and two consecutive primary total hip arthroplasties utilizing a circumferential proximal porous coated femoral component and smooth surfaced threaded acetabular were performed in 92 patients. The patients were followed up clinically and radiographically every two years from their third year after surgery. Ten patients (10 hips) died and 14 patients (15 hips) were lost to follow up in three years after surgery. Sixty-seven patients (77 hips) were included in this study. Results The pre-operative Harris hip scores and pain scores were 45 and 15 points. They increased to 89 and 42 points by the third year. These scores decreased to 81 and 42 points in the ninth year and 77 and 37 points in the fifteenth year, respectively. More than 75% of the hips demonstrated good or excellent clinical results in the fifth year and 60% of the hips were rated good to excellent in the seventh to eleventh year. In the fifteenth year, only 50% of the hips had good or excellent results. All femoral components showed stable fixation by bone in-growth. Eight acetabular components were revised, with 5 due to mechanical loosening and 3 for recurrent instability. Thigh pain was documented in 4 hips. ConclusionThe smooth-surfaced threaded acetabular component has a high rate of failure. Circumferential proximal porous coated femoral components provided excellent radiographic results and acceptable clinical outcome with definite bone ingrowth. Patients older than 70 may be suitable candidates for cementless total hip arthroplasty.

PRELIMINARY STUDY OF THREE- TONE PARADIGM AUDITORY P300 ON AGING DEMENTIA

Objective. To explore the changes of three- tone paradigm P300 and observe the improvement of the diagnostic sensitivity of P300 in aging dementia. Methods. Thirty- four patients of aging dementia underwent traditional P300 (2t- P300) and three- tone paradigm auditory P300 (3t- P300). The results of these two methods were compared. Results. Abnormal P300 was found in 18 of 34 dementia cases (52.9％ ) by 2t- P300, and in 26 of 30 patients who finished the 3t- P300 tests (86.7％ ). In 2t- P300, 9 of 24 mild cases, 7 of 8 moderate cases and 2 severe cases showed abnormal results. In 3t- P300, 20 of 24 mild cases and all 6 moderate cases showed abnormal results. Abnormal 3t- P300 was found in 13 of 16 cases which showed normal 2t- P300. Besides prolonged and bad- shaped P300, no certain response of P300 to rare non- target stimulus (r- nT) was found in 10 mild cases by 3t- P300. Conclusion. Three- tone paradigm auditory P300 had higher sensitivity in early diagnosis of aging dementia than traditional auditory P300. No P300 response to r- nT in 3t- P300 is an important index in early diagnosis of mild dementia.