老土

老土的老家在湖南。 5年前老土参军入伍到广西,成为一名消防战士。 老土不吸烟,不喝酒,不爱听流行音乐,不喜欢逛大街,在一群战士中显得很不合群。可无论是在训练场上,还是在灭火救援中,老土总是不甘人后,一马当先,为此老土身上、手脚上总是贴满了胶布。有一次市环城路高架桥建筑工地上发生了事故,一名民工中毒倒在20米深的桩孔下面,老土自告奋勇下桩孔救人。结果民工救活了,老土的左小腿也被桩孔里的木头划开了一条长口子,至今仍留有一条蚯蚓似的伤疤。当兵5年,老土光三等功就立了3个。

老土村变成文明村

老土村位于重庆市万州区城区33公里之外的重山峻岭之中,共有359户人家,1361人。318国道依山傍崖,婉延曲折经过这里,道路又窄又陡,十分险要,一到雨季,塌方、岩石松落现象时有发生,一直是一个交通事故多发地。 不光彩的历史、惨痛的教训 受地理条件的影响,老土村相对闭塞,人们沿袭着千百年来“日出而作,日落而归”的生活。

可爱狗狗的老土名

傍晚，跟老伴一起下楼去遛我们家的小狗——皮皮。皮皮很活泼，不听话还到处乱跑，害得我俩在后边追得气喘吁吁。

那些时髦又老土的爹娘们

我时常去某大型网站浏览，上面经常会有一些很有意思的帖子。比如．今天就有人向众网友发问：只穿了一次却不喜欢的衣服怎么处理？

那些老土又时髦的爹娘们

我时常去某大型网站浏览，上面经常会有一些很有意思的帖子。比如，今天就有人向众网友发问：只穿了一次却不喜欢的衣服怎么处理？ 送给同学、同事、好友？捐给山区？上网冒充新衣将它转手？或者，干脆把它一撕几片当抹布……

“老土”的爱情

在一次探家时,经朋友介绍,我认识了梅。见了面,很投缘,天南海北地侃了一下午后,我便匆匆而别,返回部队。一年之中我们难得见两三次面,只能靠书信邮寄爱情。

Effects of Phosphate Adsorption on Adsorption-Desorption and Availability of Cu and Zn Ions in Ultisols and Alfisols

Surface charge, secondary adsorption- desorption and form distribution of Cu2+ and Zn2+ in Ultisols and Alfisols having adsorbed phosphate were studied by potentiometric titration, adsorption equilibrium and sequential extraction method, respectively. The soil surface negative charges increased whereas the amount of positive charges decreased with increase of P adsorbed. The soil secondary adsorption capacity for Cu2+ and Zn2+ was positively significantly correlated with the amount of P adsorbed by the soils, which could be described by the Langmuir equation. The amounts of Cu2+ and Zn2+ desorption from soils were decreased after P adsorption by the soils and the relationship between them was linear. After the soils adsorbed P, form distribution of Cu2+ and Zn2+ in soils changed remarforbly.

Dissolution of Aluminum in Variably Charged Soils as Affected by Low-Molecular-Weight Organic Acids

Low-molecular-weight （LMW） organic acids exist widely in soils and play an important role in soil processes such as mineral weathering, nutrient mobilization and A1 detoxification. In this research, a batch experiment was conducted to examine the effects of LMW organic acids on dissolution of aluminum in two variably charged soils, an Ultisol and an Oxisol. The results showed that the LMW organic acids enhanced the dissolution of A1 in the two investigated soils in the following order： citric 〉 oxalic 〉 malonic 〉 malic 〉 tartaric 〉 salicylic 〉 lactic 〉 maleic. This was generally in agreement with the magnitude of the stability constants for the Al-organic complexes. The effects of LMW organic acids on Al dissolution were greater in the Ultisol than in the Oxisol as compared to their controls. Also, the accelerating effects of citric and oxalic acids on dissolution of A1 increased with an increase in pH, while the effects of lactic and salicylic acids decreased. Additionally, when the organic acid concentration was less than 0.2 mmol L-I, the dissolution of A1 changed Iittle with increase in acid concentration. However, when the organic acid concentration was greater than 0.2 mmol L^-1,the dissolution of A1 increased with increase in acid concentration. In addition to the acid first dissociation constant and stability constant of Al-organic complexes, the promoting effects of LMW organic acids on dissolution of A1 were also related to their sorption-desorption equilibrium in the soils.

Mobilization of Phosphorus by Naturally Occurring Or－ganic Acids in Oxisols and Ultisols

Citric and malic acids at concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, 10, and 100 mmol/L were added to three Ultisolsand one Oxisol. The amount of P in solution increased with increasing organic acid concentrations, while theaniount of Fe- and Al-bound P decreased. This result suggested that naturally occurring products of organicmatter decomposition could increase the P availability to plants in soils where there is a relatively large poolof Fe- and Al-bound P.The interactions between citric and malic acids at the above concentrations. and P added at rates of10, 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg were determined. At zero levels of organic acids, all added P became either labileor bound, and greater proportions remained soluble as the concentration of organic acids increased, whichsuggested that organic acids reduced fixation of dissolved P in Fe- and AI-rich soils.Agricultural practices which increase organic matter input on P-deficient acid soiIs could decrease Pdeficiency. This would be important in many tropical and subtropical regions where these soils are common,and where the costs of fertilizers and lime are relatively high.

GIS based land suitability assessment along Laos-China border

Assessment of the forest land use change and proposed land suitability for tea for the area along Laos – China Border were the main purpose of this research paper. An integrated GIS-based analysis system （IGAS）, supporting assessment of forest land-use and land suitability for the study area where along Laos-China border was developed. Multi criteria analysis and system dynamics techniques were used to assess forest land use and land suitability and to forecast potential land-use for tea. The total study area is estimated at 10 325.07 km2 according to the field data collection and data analysis. The area of current forest cover decreased rapidly from 6337.33 km2 （61.38%） in 1992 to 5106.28 km2 （49.46%） in 2002 in the study area. The current forest was mainly trans-ferred to potential forest and permanent agriculture especially to rubber plantation areas even in the National Conservation Biodiversity Conser-vation Areas. The main causes of forest land use change are poverty. In order to address the problems, land suitability classification for tea was developed based on the multi-criteria. And finally two options of land suitability classification for tea for the study areas were developed.

Ion-transport characteristics of new-old concrete composite system

New-old concrete composite system usually exists in concrete repairing structure.In the present work,series of experiments were carried out to investigate permeability and ion diffusion properties of new-old concrete composite by measuring 6-hour coulomb charge and chloride diffusivity.The interrelation among transport properties of new-old composites,new,and old concretes was also discussed.Results indicate that the permeability and chloride diffusivity of new-old concrete composite system closely interrelate to the corresponding new concrete and old concrete.The interfacial transition zone between new concrete and old concrete greatly influences the transport property of new-old concrete system.Compared with the corresponding new concrete and old concrete lower permeability and diffusivity values for the new-old concrete composites can be achieved by choosing suitable new concrete.It is possible to design the tailor-made new-old concrete composite system for repair given the transport property.

Indigenous Knowledge on Soil Classification of Ethnic Groups in Luang Prabang Province of the Lao PDR

The objectives of this study were to demonstrate ethno-scientific elicitation techniques in retrieving indigenous knowledge at village-level, and to document the indigenous soil classification systems of different ethnic groups in Luang Prabang province in the Lao PDR. The study area comprised three villages – Nambo, Huaymaha and Thapo, in the Phonxay district of Luang Prabang province. Three ethnic groups were covered by the study – Hmong, Khmu and Lao Loum. All three ethnic groups used soil color as main criteria for soil classification. However, even within the same ethnic group, sometimes different villages have differences in the way they classify soils; this was apparent for the Hmong ethnic group in the villages of Huaymaha and Nambo. A significant difference of the Lao Loum ethnic group from the other two, was the emphasis used in classifying soil types according to their water holding capabilities. In contrast, the Khmu and Hmong classified many soil types in relation to their rock content (‘with rock’ or ‘pure rock’ sometimesbeing used). The results of the study suggest that the ethnic groups classify the soils in relation to their potential for different types of agricultural production.

Transformation of Straw 14 C in Ultisol and Vertisol *1

Laboratory incubation was conducted to investigate transformation of straw 14 C in Ultisol and Vertisol under aerobic condition for 112 d at 30 oC. Dried and ground 14 C labeled rice and maize straws were mixed with the soils at the rate of 2.5 g kg -1 . Decomposition of the straw C and native soil C both revealed two stages, being faster during the initial days, and slower thereafter. About 37.33%～48.80% of the straw C and 4.22%～6.83% of the native soil C decomposed by the end of the incubation. The kinds of the straws only slightly influenced the rates of their decomposition in soils, however, some retardation was found in Ultisol at the initial decomposition stage due to its lower pH. Positive priming effects were observed in the soils applied with straw, and the rate of priming effect ranged from 7.23% to 13.80%. Net losses of native soil C were found under such incubation conditions, except Ultisol with rice straw. Soil biomass C and 14 C decreased gradually with incubation time, and seemed to be consistent with the decomposition patterns of straw C and native soil C. The ratio of biomass 12 C to biomass 14 C ranged from 1.35 to 3.37. Soil biomass C occupied 1.17%～2.32% of the total soil organic C, and the proportion of biomass 14 C to the residual 14 C varied from 7.3% to 14.3%.

Influence of concrete differential aging time on the construction phases analysis of the Fenghua River Bridge

The Fenghua River Bridge is a major structure on the highway between Hengzhang and Guojiachi, which is to be built with a four-span prestress concrete (PC) box girder and symmetrical cantilever castings. In this paper, a finite element method (FEM) model is set up to study the effects of concrete differential aging time on the construction phases of the Fenghua River Bridge by calculating the vertical displacement of the folding segment of the middle span and the longitudinal bending moment of Pier 12#. In the model, the girders are classified into 150 changing sections based on the desgn scheme, and their construction is to be carried in 16 phases respectively to build 12 blocks connected by a side folding segment and a middle folding segment, covered with a second dead load and in completion for 20 years. It is found that the internal forces and deformations of the concrete structures at the aging time of 60 d are quite different from those of 0 d aging time while the behaviors of the structures of 120 d aging time is nearly the same as those of 60 d aging time― the differences are so small that can be neglected, suggesting that the creep develops obviously about one month after the cement is hardened and the development fades later on.

Development of land valuation approach based on hedonic model--A case study of Vientiane capital city Laos

The aim of this study is to identify the variables affecting land value. Examined land was selected from the village in Vientiane capital city Laos. Data was collected from 100 villages in center of Vientiane capital city by using survey methods. A hedonic price analysis was conducted to determine the marginal return to different land characteristics using an econometric model corrected for correlation. Parcel characteristics such as distance to public park, village income, distance of population, number of the school within 500 meters buffer, distance to the temple, distance to the major market and distance to the business center （CBD）. Arc GIS 9.2 was applied to calculate the distance of the factors, after that SPSS 15.0 was used to calculate the land price characteristic based on hedonic price model. The results showed that the distance to the center of population was the main factor influencing to the land price, and followed by school and village income. Map of the land price before and after hedonic price analysis were produced. The land price valuation approaches based on hedonic price model for Vientiane capital city were developed and land price map were predicted. Hedonic price model and GIS were very useful for this research, and finally the policy of the land valuation based on GIS was developed.

Stock Market Development in Country With Least Development But Fast Economic Growth： A Case Study of Lao PDR

This paper aims to examine the market development evolution of Lao Securities Exchange （LSX） by observing the institutional structure, securities regulations, and government’s policy and utilizing the annual data of market indicators from 2011 to 2017 through the regression model in order to determine the facing issues with proposing the resolution implication for securities exchange development. The finding of this paper also concludes that the liquidity issue, small number of listed firms, undiversified products, small investor base, insufficient legislation from regulatory body, and slow progress in transforming state-owned enterprises （SOEs） into public companies are the current pressure obstacles for securities market development in Laos. In this case, there is a need for stronger commitment from government in securities market development by closer collaboration among line ministries, enlarging the investor base to public and private sectors, acknowledging the significance of drafting the public company act, and persuading the SOEs to issue initial public offering （IPO） in LSX, as the result would drive positive impacts to stimulate the capital market development in Lao People’s Democratic Republic （Lao PDR）.

Community endowment service localization and globalization

to solve the pension problem brought by the aging and aging, community endowment service as a new endowment mode has become hot spot. Britain, the United States, Japan and other developed countries have formed a distinctive pattern of community endowment service. Community endowment service pattern in China is also actively explore, in the process, we accumulated a lot of valuable experience, but also there are quite a lot of problems to be solved. We should be in combination with the actual situation in our country, on the basis of draw lessons from foreign advanced community endowment development practices at the same time, set the global vision, local consciousness, people＇s standard all organic unification, perfecting endowment service system in our country, to have a more substantial development.

Research on social endowment insurance of lost-land peasant --A case study of Hefei city in Anhui province

With the accelerating process of urbanization and industrialization, the peasants for loss of land use fights has become a universal social phenomenon, the problem of landless peasants old-age security community has aroused much attention. However, the presence of Hefei landless peasants pension current pension system is not perfect, the shortcomings of the current government policy, peasants lack insurance awareness and so on. This paper argucs that the land should bc constructed by the pension insurance system, improvc the land compensation policy, increase financial input and improve peasants＇ pension fund supervision and management mechanism to ensure the standardization of the system, thereby providing an important guarantee for building a socialist new urbanization.