In mapping out China’s future development,policymakers must bear in mind the challenges from a falling birthrate and aging society.Based on previous demographic censuses and original data of large sample surveys,this...In mapping out China’s future development,policymakers must bear in mind the challenges from a falling birthrate and aging society.Based on previous demographic censuses and original data of large sample surveys,this study employed an indirect method for estimating China’s total fertility rate(TFR)and a demographic forecast method based on the parity progression ratio(PPR).Our analysis details the socioeconomic implications behind demographic change,and we have proposed public policy countermeasures.The findings include:(i)China’s ultra-low fertility rate over the past three decades has led to an increasingly aging society,and China’s future fertility rate is likely to continue to decrease.(ii)Around 2024,China’s total population is expected to peak at 1.407 billion,followed by chronic negative population growth at an accelerating pace.By 2050,China’s newborn population will shrink to 8.73 million and the aging population will increase to roughly 30%of the total population resulting in the total dependency ratio above 50%.(iii)With a falling birthrate and aging society,China will face unprecedented challenges with respect to education,employment,and pension.(iv)As a public policy response,China should remove birth control altogether.If the fertility rate continues to stall,policymakers should consider issuing policies to encourage birth and create a birth-friendly society for all birth cycles.展开更多
Xuan Fei Ding Chuan Wan ([symbol: see text] pills for facilitating the flow of the lung-qi to relieve asthma) and Xiao Chuan Gu Ben Wan ([symbol: see text] pills for treating asthma by consolidating the origin) were u...Xuan Fei Ding Chuan Wan ([symbol: see text] pills for facilitating the flow of the lung-qi to relieve asthma) and Xiao Chuan Gu Ben Wan ([symbol: see text] pills for treating asthma by consolidating the origin) were used for treatment of bronchial asthma. The cure rate in the treated group (n = 600) was 81.33%, significantly higher (P展开更多
PURPOSE: To observe the effects of electroacupuncture therapy on T cells and activity of NK cell in the patient of Chemotherapy. METHOD: Electro-acupuncture therapy was simultaneously applied during chemotherapy, T ce...PURPOSE: To observe the effects of electroacupuncture therapy on T cells and activity of NK cell in the patient of Chemotherapy. METHOD: Electro-acupuncture therapy was simultaneously applied during chemotherapy, T cells and activity of NK cell of patients were determined before electroacupuncture treatment (before chemotherapy) and after 4-course electro-acupuncture treatments. RESULTS: Before chemotherapy, CD3 was low within the normal range, CD4 was much lower than the normal range, and CD8, CD4/CD8 and activity of NK cell were within the normal range. After one month of chemotherapy combined with electro-acupuncture, no decline of all the indices was found (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Electro-acupuncture can really increase the immune function of patients of chemotherapy.展开更多
Hemirachischisis is commonly-seen in clinic. Many patients complaining of lumbago are often found to have this disease shown by radiography. The common methods of treatment in Western medicine are surgical operation a...Hemirachischisis is commonly-seen in clinic. Many patients complaining of lumbago are often found to have this disease shown by radiography. The common methods of treatment in Western medicine are surgical operation and administration of analgesics. In recent years, the authors have adopted acupuncture and moxibustion for the treatment, with quite good therapeutic results reported as follows.Clinical DataOf the 48 cases in this series, 32 were male and 16 female; ranging in age from 16 to 67 years; with course of illness from 1 month to 32 years. All the patients had the chief complaint of lumbago, and were diagnosed as having hemirachischisis by radiography.展开更多
In 1970s,sedatives or spasmolytics needed to beadministered 30 minutes prior to performingenteroscopy to relieve abdominal colic during theexamination.Owing to the improvement in operatingskills,such drugs are no more...In 1970s,sedatives or spasmolytics needed to beadministered 30 minutes prior to performingenteroscopy to relieve abdominal colic during theexamination.Owing to the improvement in operatingskills,such drugs are no more used today.However,anumber of patients still suffer from abdominal coliccaused by irritated colon in the process ofenteroscopy.For severe cases,the operator has nochoice but to suspend the examination.To find a展开更多
Eczema is a kind of very common dermatopathy. The cases with a long course of illness and hard to be cured are termed as stubborn eczema. We have obtained good results in its treatment since 1995 with the Chu Shi Tan...Eczema is a kind of very common dermatopathy. The cases with a long course of illness and hard to be cured are termed as stubborn eczema. We have obtained good results in its treatment since 1995 with the Chu Shi Tang (除湿汤Dampness-Clearing Decoction) for oral intake and the Fu Fang Ku Shen Xi Ye (复方苦参洗液) for topical application. The following is a clinical report for treating 56 patients with stubborn eczema.展开更多
Background and purpose: Vascular and tension-type headache is most commonly encountered, and SI17 therapy has been tested to treat headache with good results. The efficacy of SI17 therapy for vascular and tension-... Background and purpose: Vascular and tension-type headache is most commonly encountered, and SI17 therapy has been tested to treat headache with good results. The efficacy of SI17 therapy for vascular and tension-type headache was compared and the effect of SI17 therapy on pancreatic polypeptide (PP) was studied. Materials and methods: 29 cases of vascular headache (20 cases in acute attack during the trial) and 27 cases of tension-type headache (19 cases in acute attack) were enrolled in the study. Plasma PP level before and 4th day after treatment was measured by radioimmunoassay. Results: SI17 therapy is better for the treatment of vascular headache. Vascular headache with higher PP level and tension-type headache with normal PP level had good therapeutic results. Conclusion: The clinical efficacy is better for vascular headache with the increase of vagus tension and for tension-type headache with normal vagus tension. 展开更多
This study explores the origins and current status of the Gallo language at school--a minority language spoken in the eastern part of Brittany--among older speakers （group 1-41 informants） and students of Gallo （gr...This study explores the origins and current status of the Gallo language at school--a minority language spoken in the eastern part of Brittany--among older speakers （group 1-41 informants） and students of Gallo （group 2-17 informants）. The paper discusses different pedagogical methods, learning materials, and learners＇ status. The most important mission of schools is to increase public awareness about their linguistic environment which helps reassert minority identity through language acquisition and linguistic maintenance. Implementing an educational language curriculum for regional languages constitutes a main step towards the preservation of linguistic minorities. According to the informants interviewed during the fieldwork, both groups express positive reactions towards the presence of Gallo at school （group 1--80%; group 2--92.9%）. However, in follow-up discussions, a certain number of older speakers seem to be more reluctant, because the variety of Gallo taught at school is different from the one which was transmitted to them. In conclusion, bilingual and immersion programs are increasingly successful in Brittany and could lead to a wider recognition of Eastern Brittany＇s language and culture.展开更多
From April 1992 to April 1998, 104 cases of chemotherapy-induced leukopenia were treated by injection into Zusanli (ST 36) with a mixture consisting of dexamethasone, 654-2, ATP and inosine. The therapeutic results we...From April 1992 to April 1998, 104 cases of chemotherapy-induced leukopenia were treated by injection into Zusanli (ST 36) with a mixture consisting of dexamethasone, 654-2, ATP and inosine. The therapeutic results were satisfactory as reported in the following.Clinical Data In this series, all the 127 cases were definitely diagnosed by pathological examination. Of them, 93 were male and 34 female, ranging in age from 12 to 75 years. 38 cases were carcinoma of esophagus, 22 carcinoma of cardia of stomach, 21 cancer of lung, 11 hepatic carcinoma, 8 lymphoma, 8 mammary cancer, 7 carcinoma of colon, and 12 other kinds of the tumors. Leukocyte count was below 4.0×109/L in all the patients after being treated by chemotherapy.展开更多
The clinical observation revealed that the asthmatic symptoms in most of the patients began to be improved after several acupuncture treatments with the dosage of the drug gradually reduced. Generally, the dose of cor...The clinical observation revealed that the asthmatic symptoms in most of the patients began to be improved after several acupuncture treatments with the dosage of the drug gradually reduced. Generally, the dose of cortisone per os was decreased by 2 mg every 10 days, while that of aerosol was controlled by the patients themselves according to the condition of the disease. The symptoms in most of the patients were markedly improved after 15 treatments, but the treatment should be continued for another 10 times to consolidate the curative effect. Thus, each asthmatic patient needs to receive approximately 30 sessions of acupuncture treatment, lasting about 3 months. Thereafter, in order to prevent its relapse, the treatment should be administered 10 times each year in the summer season. It is worthy to be mentioned that, in this series, there was a female patient who suffered from anaphylactic asthma induced by dog's hair. She received 10 sessions of acupuncture treatment with no any improvement. In this case, the acupuncture treatment should not be given any longer. There were another two children patients aged 5 and 7 years respectively, for them the above method of acupuncture treatment was difficult to be used. Therefore, the auricular pressing method combined with cupping was adopted instead. The auricular points selected were Shenmen, Lung, Large Intestine, sensitive point, Pingchuan, Subcortex, and Kidney. 5 points were used each time, and pressed with the seeds of Vaccaria which were changed every 3 days. The patients were asked to press each of the points themselves 3 times a day (each time by 20 pressings). And Dazhui (Du 14), Feishu (UB 13), Pishu (UB 20) and Shenshu (UB 23) were cupped for 5 min. each time. The auricular pressing and cupping therapies may also be added for adult patients to strengthen the curative effect. The 25 cases of hormone dependent bronchial asthma were treated by acupuncture, yielding a markedly effective rate of 56% with a total effective rate of 96%, indicating that good therapeutic results can also be expected in the western countries for those cases who have already been treated with hormones.展开更多
文摘In mapping out China’s future development,policymakers must bear in mind the challenges from a falling birthrate and aging society.Based on previous demographic censuses and original data of large sample surveys,this study employed an indirect method for estimating China’s total fertility rate(TFR)and a demographic forecast method based on the parity progression ratio(PPR).Our analysis details the socioeconomic implications behind demographic change,and we have proposed public policy countermeasures.The findings include:(i)China’s ultra-low fertility rate over the past three decades has led to an increasingly aging society,and China’s future fertility rate is likely to continue to decrease.(ii)Around 2024,China’s total population is expected to peak at 1.407 billion,followed by chronic negative population growth at an accelerating pace.By 2050,China’s newborn population will shrink to 8.73 million and the aging population will increase to roughly 30%of the total population resulting in the total dependency ratio above 50%.(iii)With a falling birthrate and aging society,China will face unprecedented challenges with respect to education,employment,and pension.(iv)As a public policy response,China should remove birth control altogether.If the fertility rate continues to stall,policymakers should consider issuing policies to encourage birth and create a birth-friendly society for all birth cycles.
文摘Xuan Fei Ding Chuan Wan ([symbol: see text] pills for facilitating the flow of the lung-qi to relieve asthma) and Xiao Chuan Gu Ben Wan ([symbol: see text] pills for treating asthma by consolidating the origin) were used for treatment of bronchial asthma. The cure rate in the treated group (n = 600) was 81.33%, significantly higher (P
文摘PURPOSE: To observe the effects of electroacupuncture therapy on T cells and activity of NK cell in the patient of Chemotherapy. METHOD: Electro-acupuncture therapy was simultaneously applied during chemotherapy, T cells and activity of NK cell of patients were determined before electroacupuncture treatment (before chemotherapy) and after 4-course electro-acupuncture treatments. RESULTS: Before chemotherapy, CD3 was low within the normal range, CD4 was much lower than the normal range, and CD8, CD4/CD8 and activity of NK cell were within the normal range. After one month of chemotherapy combined with electro-acupuncture, no decline of all the indices was found (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Electro-acupuncture can really increase the immune function of patients of chemotherapy.
文摘Hemirachischisis is commonly-seen in clinic. Many patients complaining of lumbago are often found to have this disease shown by radiography. The common methods of treatment in Western medicine are surgical operation and administration of analgesics. In recent years, the authors have adopted acupuncture and moxibustion for the treatment, with quite good therapeutic results reported as follows.Clinical DataOf the 48 cases in this series, 32 were male and 16 female; ranging in age from 16 to 67 years; with course of illness from 1 month to 32 years. All the patients had the chief complaint of lumbago, and were diagnosed as having hemirachischisis by radiography.
文摘In 1970s,sedatives or spasmolytics needed to beadministered 30 minutes prior to performingenteroscopy to relieve abdominal colic during theexamination.Owing to the improvement in operatingskills,such drugs are no more used today.However,anumber of patients still suffer from abdominal coliccaused by irritated colon in the process ofenteroscopy.For severe cases,the operator has nochoice but to suspend the examination.To find a
文摘Eczema is a kind of very common dermatopathy. The cases with a long course of illness and hard to be cured are termed as stubborn eczema. We have obtained good results in its treatment since 1995 with the Chu Shi Tang (除湿汤Dampness-Clearing Decoction) for oral intake and the Fu Fang Ku Shen Xi Ye (复方苦参洗液) for topical application. The following is a clinical report for treating 56 patients with stubborn eczema.
文摘 Background and purpose: Vascular and tension-type headache is most commonly encountered, and SI17 therapy has been tested to treat headache with good results. The efficacy of SI17 therapy for vascular and tension-type headache was compared and the effect of SI17 therapy on pancreatic polypeptide (PP) was studied. Materials and methods: 29 cases of vascular headache (20 cases in acute attack during the trial) and 27 cases of tension-type headache (19 cases in acute attack) were enrolled in the study. Plasma PP level before and 4th day after treatment was measured by radioimmunoassay. Results: SI17 therapy is better for the treatment of vascular headache. Vascular headache with higher PP level and tension-type headache with normal PP level had good therapeutic results. Conclusion: The clinical efficacy is better for vascular headache with the increase of vagus tension and for tension-type headache with normal vagus tension.
文摘This study explores the origins and current status of the Gallo language at school--a minority language spoken in the eastern part of Brittany--among older speakers （group 1-41 informants） and students of Gallo （group 2-17 informants）. The paper discusses different pedagogical methods, learning materials, and learners＇ status. The most important mission of schools is to increase public awareness about their linguistic environment which helps reassert minority identity through language acquisition and linguistic maintenance. Implementing an educational language curriculum for regional languages constitutes a main step towards the preservation of linguistic minorities. According to the informants interviewed during the fieldwork, both groups express positive reactions towards the presence of Gallo at school （group 1--80%; group 2--92.9%）. However, in follow-up discussions, a certain number of older speakers seem to be more reluctant, because the variety of Gallo taught at school is different from the one which was transmitted to them. In conclusion, bilingual and immersion programs are increasingly successful in Brittany and could lead to a wider recognition of Eastern Brittany＇s language and culture.
文摘From April 1992 to April 1998, 104 cases of chemotherapy-induced leukopenia were treated by injection into Zusanli (ST 36) with a mixture consisting of dexamethasone, 654-2, ATP and inosine. The therapeutic results were satisfactory as reported in the following.Clinical Data In this series, all the 127 cases were definitely diagnosed by pathological examination. Of them, 93 were male and 34 female, ranging in age from 12 to 75 years. 38 cases were carcinoma of esophagus, 22 carcinoma of cardia of stomach, 21 cancer of lung, 11 hepatic carcinoma, 8 lymphoma, 8 mammary cancer, 7 carcinoma of colon, and 12 other kinds of the tumors. Leukocyte count was below 4.0×109/L in all the patients after being treated by chemotherapy.
文摘The clinical observation revealed that the asthmatic symptoms in most of the patients began to be improved after several acupuncture treatments with the dosage of the drug gradually reduced. Generally, the dose of cortisone per os was decreased by 2 mg every 10 days, while that of aerosol was controlled by the patients themselves according to the condition of the disease. The symptoms in most of the patients were markedly improved after 15 treatments, but the treatment should be continued for another 10 times to consolidate the curative effect. Thus, each asthmatic patient needs to receive approximately 30 sessions of acupuncture treatment, lasting about 3 months. Thereafter, in order to prevent its relapse, the treatment should be administered 10 times each year in the summer season. It is worthy to be mentioned that, in this series, there was a female patient who suffered from anaphylactic asthma induced by dog's hair. She received 10 sessions of acupuncture treatment with no any improvement. In this case, the acupuncture treatment should not be given any longer. There were another two children patients aged 5 and 7 years respectively, for them the above method of acupuncture treatment was difficult to be used. Therefore, the auricular pressing method combined with cupping was adopted instead. The auricular points selected were Shenmen, Lung, Large Intestine, sensitive point, Pingchuan, Subcortex, and Kidney. 5 points were used each time, and pressed with the seeds of Vaccaria which were changed every 3 days. The patients were asked to press each of the points themselves 3 times a day (each time by 20 pressings). And Dazhui (Du 14), Feishu (UB 13), Pishu (UB 20) and Shenshu (UB 23) were cupped for 5 min. each time. The auricular pressing and cupping therapies may also be added for adult patients to strengthen the curative effect. The 25 cases of hormone dependent bronchial asthma were treated by acupuncture, yielding a markedly effective rate of 56% with a total effective rate of 96%, indicating that good therapeutic results can also be expected in the western countries for those cases who have already been treated with hormones.
